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Voltammetric determination of triclosan at carbon paste electrode
Malá, Petra ; Dejmková, Hana (advisor) ; Fischer, Jan (referee)
Differential pulse voltammetry was used to study the behaviour of triclosan at a carbon paste electrode. The influence of various pH values of Britton-Robinson buffer and various amounts of methanol was studied. Optimal found value of pH was pH 11 and there was no difference in voltammetric signal in the media with various amounts of added methanol. Accumulation on the electrode surface was negligible and did not result in significant triclosan signal increase. The limit of detection of 1,2·10-7 mol dm-3 and the limit of quantification of 2,0·10-7 mol dm-3 triclosanwere found. Real samples were studied by differential pulse voltammetry, high-performance liquid chromatography and spectrophotometry. The results were compared and applicability of differential pulse voltammetry to real samples without special preparation step was evaluated. Surfactants present in samples obscured the voltammetric determination of triclosan in some samples even in case of the utilization of standard addition method.
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Synthesis and Functionalization of 5-Substituted Tetrazoles
Roh, Jaroslav ; Hrabálek, Alexandr (advisor) ; Potáček, Milan (referee) ; Csöllei, Jozef (referee)
In the last decades, the chemistry of tetrazoles underwent a great expansion, which was closely connected with their usage as an isosteric replacement of carboxylic acid moiety in the molecules of potential or clinically used drugs. In this work, existing methods of the preparation of 5-substituted tetrazoles were modified by utilising microwave irradiation and by changing the reaction conditions and the reaction medium. First, Sharpless synthesis, consisting in the conversion of nitriles into 5-substituted tetrazoles via the reaction of sodium azide and zinc halide in boiling water, was modified. The application of the microwave irradiation decreased reaction time while maintaining high yields of products. Furthermore, a new method for the preparation of 5-substituted tetrazoles was developed, based on the reaction of nitrile with sodium azide and triethylammonium chloride in the polar aromatic solvents under microwave irradiation. By this method, 5-substituted tetrazoles were prepared in high yields in short reaction times from nitriles, including those that react poorly using common methods. Based on the results of several selected methods of the preparation of 5-substituted tetrazoles, carried out under either conventional or microwave heating at the same reaction temperatures, the non-thermal...
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Detached social work in neighbourhoods threatened by social exclusion. Social integration programmes provided by People in Need organization
Hůlová, Kateřina ; Kodymová, Pavla (advisor) ; Holda, Dalibor (referee)
Ačkoliv jsou Romové součástí české společnosti již několik staletí, postoj Cechů k tomuto etniku se stále ukazuje jako rozporuplný. V projevených postojích příslušníků majority vůči romské menšině lze pozorovat širokou škálu často protichůdných tendencí. Od aktivistické rétoriky zapálených bojovníků za práva menšin, přes romanticky laděný obdiv k životnímu stylu Romů, až po rasistické a diskriminační jednání, jehož nositelé řadí všechny Romy do skupiny obtížných a nepřizpůsobivých "spoluobčanů". Soužití Romů a Cechů je stále plné konfliktů a mnoho Romů se následkem neschopnosti zvládnout nároky majoritní společnosti ocitá na okraji. Na okraji pracovního trhu, vzdělávacího systému, ale i městské čtvrti či města, ve kterém dosud žili. Romské rodiny se v posledních patnácti letech často nacházejí v situaci sociálního vyloučení, které je charakterizováno nedostatkem příležitostí stát se součástí společnosti nebo sníženou schopností na tyto příležitosti dosáhnout. Příčin propadu romských rodin na pomyslné sociální dno je mnoho a příslušnost k odlišnému etniku je jen jednou z nich. Navíc je v prostředí dlouhodobě koncentrované nezaměstnanosti, špatných bytových podmínek, nízkého vzdělání, kvalifikace a sociálně patologických jevů obtížné rozpoznat příčiny od následků. Sociálně vyloučené romské rodiny se běžně...
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Comparing reactive techniques to classical planning for intelligent virtual agents
Černý, Martin ; Gemrot, Jakub (advisor) ; Balyo, Tomáš (referee)
Many contemporary computer games can be described as dynamic real-time simulations inhabited by autonomous intelligent virtual agents (IVAs) where most of the environment structure is immutable and navigating through the environment is one of the most common activities. Though controlling the behaviour of such agents seems perfectly suited for action planning techniques, planning is not widely adopted in existing games. This paper attempts to answer the question whether the current academic planning technology is ready for integration to existing games and under which conditions. The paper compares reactive techniques to classical planning in handling the action selection problem for IVAs in game-like environments. Several existing classical planners that occupied top positions in the International Planning Competition were connected to the virtual environment of Unreal Development Kit via the Pogamut platform. Performance of IVAs employing those planners and IVAs with reactive architecture was measured on a class of game like test environments under different levels of external interference. It was shown that agents employing classical planning outperform reactive agents only if the size of the planning problem is small or if the environment changes are either hostile to the agent or not very frequent.
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Croatian minority in Hungary in modern era
Milojevičová, Jana ; Nedvědová, Milada (referee) ; Pelikán, Jan (advisor)
The goal of this thesis is to analyze the current situation of the Croat minority in Hungary. As a consequence of the Ottoman expansion and unbearable living conditions the Croat population started to migrate to the North; these migrations took place from the 15th to the 17th century and the majority of the Croat refugees settled down in Hungary. The refugees created insular communities in the southern and western parts of the contemporary Hungarian territory, in Austrian Burgenland, Slovakia and Moravia. Hungarian Croats can be divided into seven groups, all of them speaking various types of all main Croatian dialects. A special part of the thesis is dedicated to the Bunjevci and Šokci, as in the last two hundred years there have been constant discussions as far as their origin and, therefore, their pertinence to the Croatian nation is concerned. Under the Austro-Hungarian Empire the Croats represented only one of many nationalities in a multicultural state. However, during the process of the formation of the modern nations, Hungarian nationalism was strongly promoted and it in turn influenced minority politics until the Second World War. Following the post WWII transfers of inhabitants, Hungary has become even more ethnically homogenous than after the 1920 Trianon Treaty. During socialism the process of...
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Russian Germans in the Nineties of 20. Century. Stay or Leave
Březina, Karel ; Kunštát, Miroslav (advisor) ; Pešek, Jiří (referee)
The aim of this diploma thesis is to introduce the biggest German minority living within the East Europe: so called "Russlanddeutsche". I tried to find an answer to the question why Germans living in Russia tend to return back to Germany. Germans have been setteling in Russia since 1763 when new colonists were invited by Catherine the Great. By the end of the 19th century there were about 1.8 milion of Germans living in Russia. The 20th century is mostly the time of Germans being the opressed minority in Russia. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Monetary satisfaction as a legal means of the protection of personal rights in civil law
Červenková, Jana ; Salač, Josef (referee) ; Švestka, Jiří (advisor)
56 Závěr Peněžité zadostiučinění je bezesporu institutem, který v dnešní době představuje významný prostředek ochrany osobnosti. Současná právní úprava však jakoby nereflektuje na jeho důležitost, jelikož je poměrně kusá a nepropracovaná. O některých otázkách její aplikace navíc stále existují pochybnosti, jako například v otázce promlčení, přičemž tento stav považuji právě vzhledem k důležitosti peněžité satisfakce v rámci ochrany osobnosti za neudržitelný. Mám za to, že v dnešní moderní době nabývá zadostiučinění v penězích převahu nad morální satisfakcí, a to proto, že neoprávněné zásahy do osobnostních práv jsou z důvodu rozvoje techniky a také globalizace způsobilé vyvolat takové důsledky, které nemohou být účinně a spravedlivě odstraněny či kompenzovány jen cestou morálního zadostiučinění. Nedostatkem současné úpravy je podle mého názoru fakt, že v případě, kdy je neoprávněným zásahem způsobena imateriální újma a současně i majetková škoda, nelze řízení o jejich náhradu spojit do jednoho, jelikož pro ně není dána stejná věcná příslušnost soudu, což je jednou z podmínek pro možnost spojení řízení. Odstranění této překážky pro řízení o ochraně osobnosti a náhradu škody způsobené jedním neoprávněným zásahem by bylo jistě vhodným opatřením pro rychlou a celkovou kompenzaci utrpěné újmy, ať už tedy morální...
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China and traditional Chinese culture in the period of domination of the West and western culture: China's and Chinese culture's ability to embrace principles of the West and western culture
Gabriel, David ; Knotková, Vladimíra (advisor) ; Havlová, Radka (referee)
China is universally considered to be the next world power. Economic prerequisites are met and the rise in political influence is evident as well. But the world, predominantly the West, is concerned about China. China is still a non-democratic state. The aim of this bachelor's thesis is to make an analysis of China's and Chinese culture's ability to embrace principles and values of the West and Western culture. The main emphasis is laid on the issue of democracy in China. The work examines the probable shift in values of the Chinese and judges the impact of the shift on the issue of democracy in China. The paper deals with particular Chinese conditions as well and points out obstacles and difficulties which generally emerge when China is examined. The author believes that the implementation of democracy in China is possible only under particular conditions. At the end of the paper, the author constructs a federal political system that could be implemented in China with respect to particular Chinese circumstances.
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Tick-borne rickettsial diseases: emerging risks in Europe
Veselá, Petra ; Janovská, Daniela (advisor)
Ricekttsiae are small, gram negative bacteria, known as an etiologic agens of many human as well as animal diseases. The course of rickettsial infections extremely differs in severity. Bacteria are transmitted via arthropodes, infected dust, milk and secretions of infected individuals. Thank to the better hygienical standards many rickettsial infections appear only in the developing countries. On the other hand some other rickettsial infections have higher incidency in atypical countries and ecosystems. This change is thought to be due to global warming. The importance of early diagnosis and proper therapy is common to all infections
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