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Popularity of Top Politicians - June 2016
Červenka, Jan
In June 2016 the Public Opinion Researcch Centre investigated whether respondents trust to selected top politicians. They were given a list with 28 names of top politicians. In a survey there were included names of membres of government, president, chairmen of Senate and Chamber of Deputies, leaders of political parties in Parliament, chief of Constitutional Court, at the moment already former governor of the Czech National Bank, and ombudsman.
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Civil Religion versus Wall of Separation: Examining the Constitutionality of Religious Expressions & Symbols in American Public Square
Dvořáková, Michaela ; Calda, Miloš (advisor) ; Fojtek, Vít (referee)
INTRODUCTION The First Amendment to the Constitution of the United States affirms that "Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting thefree exercise thereof.... It was primarily the first part of the provision, commonly referred to as the Establishment Clause that has become a major point of contention and debate among justices and legal scholars alike. While advocates of textual interpretation maintain that Congress is not allowed to establish a national church but can provide aid to religion on a nondiscriminatory basis, others prefer a wider interpretation, barring Congress from any interference with religion and banning religious practices in all institutions falling within the governmental sphere. In a landmark case of Everson v. Board of Education (1947), in an attempt to define for the first time the parameters of the Establishment Clause, the Supreme Court justices unanimously declared the second, wider approach to be the basis of the Supreme Court'sjurisprudence in religion-related cases. To justify their interpretation, they referred to Thomas Jefferson and his "wall of separation," which they viewed as a symbol of an absolute separation between church and the state, and held, it was to remain "high and impregnable." Using this "high and impregnable wall" as...
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Political parties as one of the democracy-guarantees in the Federal Republic of Germany
Berger, Vojtěch ; Mrklas, Ladislav (advisor) ; Jeřábek, Martin (referee)
This thesis aims to describe the consolidation process of democracy in West Germany by the example of the political parties. Firstly, it analyses historical reasons for the negative approach towards the parties in the German area and compares how two different law- and constitutional systems, the Weimar Republic and the Federal Republic of Germany, were dealing with the political parties. The main focus is put on the parties' role in the current German society and on the parties' influence on the democracy-durability in Germany. Special attention is paid to two aspects - financing of the parties and political education. The final part of the thesis summarizes arguments, which confirm the positive tribute of the parties to the German democracy. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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PROSTITUTION IN REGION ĆESKÝ KRUMLOV
SEDLÁČKOVÁ, Blanka
Prostitution in Český Krumlov District The prostitution (from the Latin Prostituere) is providing sexual services for the payment or for or any counter-value, it makes no difference if it is a material remuneration or financial payment. The typical side effect of the prostitution is a frequent change of partners. We understand usually under the prostitution the women{\crq}s prostitution, however, also the men{\crq}s as well as children{\crq}s prostitution exists. The prostitution as mass social phenomenon is a social pathological phenomenon in all the present highly developed cultures. It is called also the oldest trade of the world, as it has exist already since the Antique. The theoretical part is focused first of all on finding out the prostitution at present, its forms, who provides the sexual services and what problems are associated with it in the society. Its aim is to present the whole issue of prostitution. The data necessary for testing the formulated hypotheses were acquired by means of the quantitative research, enabling the work with the big complex of respondents. To collect more easily the highest possible number of answers, the method of the written questioning, i.e. of questionnaires was selected. The investigated complex of respondents was in the age range from 15 years to 71 years. The research was performed in the towns as well as smaller municipalities concerned by the issue of prostitution. The information was provided for what purposes the questionnaires will be utilized and that the evaluation will be anonymous. One of the goals was monitoring the prostitution (erotic clubs), directly in the Český Krumlov District, acquiring information in what way the prostitution is regulated by individual municipalities and finding out, how the prostitution in the municipality is perceived by the citizens. The first hypothesis was to find out if the municipalities issue the directives of public order regulating prostitution. And if these Directives are cancelled by the Constitutional Court. This hypothesis was refuted during the investigation. And the second hypothesis was that the inhabitants consider the regulating measures for the prostitution as insufficient. This hypothesis was confirmed. The thesis may be utilised as incentive for the changes in legislation and attitude of municipalities to this issue, or extension of measures of individual municipalities.
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The Case Law Publication
Králík, Lukáš ; Kühn, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Maršálek, Pavel (referee) ; Masopust, Zdeněk (referee)
The phenomenon of the case law and publication of the case law reports has been present in our legal culture at least since the 13th century, as well as in some other European countries. Court decisions in writing occurred through several types of documents and sources. We can trace the case law documents in the public royal records ("the plates"), the law books and the first constitutional codifications of law. There is even particular group of the law collections which we can actually name as the original case law reports. The case law reports were designed even before this period of time. Unfortunately, no such original law reports survived up to the present day. We can strongly state the sustainable tradition of typical case law collections in the Czech legal culture since the medieval times. The very first case law reports in modern sense of meaning came in late 1850`s. But the periodicals case law reports in the Czech language eventually appeared with the year of 1918 when the Czech state was restored. Creating the case law reports and its headnotes falls within the process of court decisions publication. The courts, which constitute the top of the judicial pyramid, operate with their special individual instruments on their case law publication. The official law reports have been established...
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Case-law of the Court of Justice of the EU related to asylum law
Nulíčková, Pavla ; Grmelová, Nicole (advisor) ; Kříž, Radim (referee)
The objective of this Bachelor thesis is to ascertain, whether is the asylum law used correctly and effectively within the European Union. The first part is devoted to the development of the european asylum law since the fifties up to the present day. In this section are described primary sources of law as well as secondary sources of law, which constitute a kind of a foundation for the crucial part of the thesis - Case-law of the Court of Justice of the EU. Based on a detailed analysis of chosen judgments of the CJEU related mainly to the examining of asylum applications is discovered, which regulations are problematic and where it is necessary to improve the legislation. Besides the analysis, method of comparison is also used, especially in comparing the sources of law with its practical application. The summary of the findings recorded during creation of this thesis are situated at the final section with recommendations that could contribute to establish a real and united Common European Asylum System.
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Zdravotní a sociální problematika dětí přijímaných do kojeneckých ústavů, dětských center a dětských domovů v kraji Vysočina.
FÁROVÁ, Jana
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The principle of primacy of EU law in the theory and practice of the courts of the European Union Member States
Ondřejková, Jana ; Gerloch, Aleš (advisor) ; Kühn, Zdeněk (referee) ; Masopust, Zdeněk (referee)
The submitted dissertation thesis analyses the principle of primacy of EU law from the basic point of view of legal theory. It points out different approaches to the primacy principle and examines the arguments on which these approaches are based. The fist part of the thesis deals with the examination of the primacy principle related to its legal basis, using the sources most frequently listed in the literature: the founding treaties, the case law of the Court of Justice, legal theory (Kelsen's basic norm, Hart's rule of recognition and the legal sociology approaches), and international and national law. I have focused on the historical documents (Treaty Establishing the European Coal and Steel Community, Treaty Establishing the European Economic Community), the concepts based on them (doctrine of the conferred powers and the principle of subsidiarity), and the non-ratified Treaty Establishing a Constitution for Europe and legally non-binding Declaration No. 17 attached to the Lisbon Treaty. I have applied a critical approach to the argumentation of the Court of Justice in the decisions establishing the principle of primacy: Van Gend en Loos, Costa, Internationale Handelsgesellschaft, Simmenthal. Taking into account the existing objections against the arguments used by the Court of Justice, I have...
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Owner occupied housing in the Czech Republic
Vašák, Michal ; Mates, Pavel (advisor) ; Toth, Petr (referee)
My diploma thesis deals with the issue of owner occupied housing in the Czech Republic. Attention is paid to the general importance of the provision of housing with emphasis on the social, economic and especially the legal aspects with respect to the rights that are granted by the Constitution and the Bill of Rights. It describes in brief the development of flat ownership since the 60's and the role of the state in the housing policy, particularly with the aim to bring attention to the existing legal regulation of this area -- the Flat Ownership Act. The main part of the thesis focuses on the legal regulation of flat ownership which draws on the dualistic concept of house co-ownership and the related ownership of a housing unit (apartment or non-residential area). Emphasis is put on the legal status of flat owners, the summary of rights and obligations that arise from ownership of a flat as a specific subject of property ownership. The ways in which flat ownership rights are formed are presented with regard to the consequences of the ownership rights being entered in the Land Registry. The creation, operation and the position of a Home Owners Association, a body corporate, which is established by law to manage dwelling houses, is presented particularly in relation to a specific flat owner. In this respect, as well as in other sections, the thesis follows the practice of the Constitutional Court and the Supreme Court that has considerable effect on the interpretation of law and the protection of rights and obligations pertaining to particular owners in exercising their property rights.
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The Prohibition of Discrimination as a Legal Problem in the Case Law of the European Court of Human Rights
Dolejšová Kabelová, Kristýna ; Šturma, Pavel (advisor) ; Hubálková, Eva (referee) ; Hýbnerová, Stanislava (referee)
The Prohibition of Discrimination as a Legal Problem in the Case Law of the European Court of Human Rights JUDr. Kristýna Dolejšová Kabelová This dissertation thesis is focused on the examination of the prohibition of discrimination in the European system of the protection of human rights as based on the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamentals Freedoms (hereinafter referred to it as the "European Convention"). The European Court of Human Rights (hereinafter referred to as the "European Court"), in its role as a component of this system of protection, acts as an international judicial organ that reviews individual applications concerning an alleged breach of the European Convention by a Member State. In the area of the protection of human rights such prohibition of discrimination is based on the fundamental principle of equality, and constitutes an integral part of all important international instruments for the protection of such rights, and of the modern national legal orders of states. Inevitably, however, the legal systems of modern-day states are built upon distinctions, categorizations and classifications inherent to their societies, creating unintentional opportunities for discrimination. The problem of the prohibition of discrimination consists in delimiting the...
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