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Political processes in the 1950s in Czechoslovakia
Hönigová, Nikola ; Kuklík, Jan (advisor) ; Kindl, Vladimír (referee)
68 11 SUMMARY Political trials in the fifties of past centrury in Czechoslovakia Political trials in the fifties of past century are very dark chapter of a modern history of the Czechoslovakia and the Czech Republic. Not following laws not event the elementary human rights is a sad result of Communist Ideology which in this period of time did not manage but even support such law breaking. Such law breaking and human rights breaching was recorded only three years from the end of World War II, the biggest conflict in modern history resulting into intentional killing of millions of people. From the international point of view, it is essential to say, that orientation to Soviet Union and its ideology was a result of sacrificing Czechoslovakia by Western Powers in favour of Hitler's Germany. Post-war orientation to east ideology was unfortunately a logic consequence of these fatal events. Applying of Soviet Ideology and Stalinist Methods into the Czechoslovakia was unnatural appearance, which has reshaped both nations for decades. The regime eliminated those, who had different opinion and wanted a progress in society and kept citizens in ignorance, blindness and afraidness. Reshaping the justice by Communist Ideology, using justice as a front for lawlessness, deliberate placing only of those acting in regime...
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Unconditional sentence of imprisonment
Kašparová, Irena ; Herczeg, Jiří (advisor) ; Gřivna, Tomáš (referee)
84 Résumé The task of criminal law in every democratic state is to protect society against criminality. In order to perform this task criminal law has at its disposal resources which represent criminal sanctions. Amongst these sanctions a unique place is occupied by the unconditional imprisonment, which is what this thesis is concerned with. Ever increasing criminality, which is affecting most states, is provoking discussions on the effectiveness of punishment, its methods, and the commensurateness of punishments. The Czech Republic is far from being the only country forced to resolve problems associated with a growing prison population and the increased costs of the prison system. Unconditional imprisonment is a universal and basic punishment in the Czech Republic. It has a long tradition and a fixed place in the legal awareness of society. It is the strictest punishment and represents an extraordinarily serious intervention into the sphere of the human rights and freedoms of the individual. The enforcement of unconditional imprisonment is accompanied by a host of negative consequences, such as the interruption of social links, adaptation to prison culture and a problematic return of a convicted person into society. Furthermore, we should not forget the economic aspect, since the enforcement of a prison...
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Unconditional sentence of imprisonment
Šmerglová, Veronika ; Herczeg, Jiří (advisor) ; Tlapák Navrátilová, Jana (referee)
68 36)Vysoká zaměstnanost vězňů je prioritou. VS ČR, 27. 3. 2009, dostupné na http://www.vscr.cz/clanky/?cl_id=1073 37)Mezník, J., Kalvodová, V., Kuchta, J. Základy penologie. Masarykova univerzita v Brně, 1995. 38)http://www.equal.spj.cz 39)http://www.helcom.cz/show.php?rstema=186 SUMMARY Unconditional prison sentences If we consider freedom of the person as the most valuable estate then the sentence to serve a prison represents the most strictest punitive sanction since it is the most sensitive interference into basic and freedom rights which are allowed by the law. The imposition of the sentence pursue the protection of the society from the offenders and to prevent the convicted from continuation in criminal activity as well as to bring him up to live impeccably. It performs repressive and preventive function, and operates educationally on other members of society. For the general preventive action of the sentence, it is important if the society sees the sentence as fair, reasonable and most inevitable. 69 Short-term prison senteces are often topics for discussion. According to some views on sentence performance it does not adequately deterrent effects on the society and in terms of action on the perpetrators it does not give enough time for social rehabilitation which would be able to reeducate them but...
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The Olympic Games - phenomenon of tourism
Grynovetská, Valeriya ; Vaško, Martin (advisor) ; Valentová, Jana (referee)
The idea of staging the Olympic Games is getting into many cities all over the world. In recent years the idea has also got into the quite small country from the middle of Europe -- the Czech Republic. And that is why the right time is coming, in order that citizens of this country could find out advantages and disadvantages that are brought by this event of grandiose extents. The aim of this bachelor thesis is objective assessment and analysis of the whole period influenced by staging of the Summer Olympic and Paralympic Games and presentation of this complex analysis to the public. For the achievement of this aim there are used especially facts and experiences from the previous Summer Olympic Games starting with the year 2000.
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The immigration to Great Britain in 1945-1971. The contribution to the history of the "island state" in the 20th century
Simonová, Michaela ; Kovář, Martin (advisor) ; Soukup, Martin (referee)
Britain is the country with a long tradition of immigration. Over many years it witnessed the arrival of immigrants and refugees from the whole world. Nevertheless the unprecedented extent of immigration from the Commonwealth countries of the former British Empire after the Second World War was unexpected. It caused profound and irreversible change in the British society as a whole. This thesis deals with a description and interpretation of a series of key issuees related to immigration from New Commonwealth (especially from Indian subcontinent) in 1945-1971. Main reasons for "coloured immigration" were an increasing demand for low skilled and unskilled labour in United Kingdom and the 1948 British Nationality Act, which gave Commonwealth citizens right to enter, work and settle in the British Isles. I am concerned with issues of immigrants' employment, housing, education as well as with the attitudes and responses of indigenous whites. Even though the British consider themselves to be "tolerant people" immigrants faced up to prejudices, discrimination, racism, verbal abuse and physical attacks in Britain. White hostility toward coloured immigrants manifested itself in the form of the Notting Hill Riots in 1958. Racial attacks were explained in terms of the enormous number of "coloured" people and the...
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Flat tax
Spišský, Jakub ; Marková, Hana (advisor) ; Boháč, Radim (referee)
RESUMÉ Application of flat tax in the Slovak Republic causes better allocation of income to state budget and reduces rate of repartitionings of income in the society. Moreover, from a long-time aspect, it stimulates economic growth and creation of investments. From an individual's and companies' point of view, the flat tax eliminates progressive taxation, which up to now affected mainly those who enjoyed success - those with higher income in the society. On the other hand, the flat tax implementation requires that the more successful companies or individuals pay less and the less successful ones pay more than they would under the progressive tax system, for the state to raise the same amount of money. Implementation of the flat tax instead of the progressive taxationis an important step in the right direction, but deffinitely not the final station. There is still a lot of discussion going on about the fairness of this form of taxation. It is not entirely true that everyone who works and earns income deduct from their income 19%. The reason for this is the system of exemptions - nondeductable minimum and the tax bonus for a child, which makes it possible to reach a negative tax. The higher the nondeductable minimum, the higher the taxation differences. Flat rate significantly decreased progressivity in the...
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Jewish identity in Romanian literature before the Second World War
Růžičková, Monika ; Valentová, Libuše (advisor) ; Vajdová, Libuša (referee)
In the beginning is important to mention close personal interest to write a final thesis on such a difficult but rewording subject based on direct connection with jewish community, their traditions and culture. The thesis is formulated in two parts. The First part reflects brief history of Jews ( Jews in general but also including Jews from Romania). The Second part is focused on Romanian Jewish writers and their literary contribution mainly during Second World War era, their difficulties, inrigues and torture. In this thesis I attempt to examine the right association of Romanian intellectuals between First World War (Jews received status of human rights which led to cultural and literature re-born time) and Second World War when the country was an ally and satelite of Nazi Germany. The thesis will focus on the impact of the ideas behind Hitler's power on Romanian society and in particular on its intellectuals.
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Effect of increasing medialization of information
Soukup, Michal ; Rosický, Antonín (advisor) ; Švarcová, Eva (referee)
While you are holding this work in your hands you will find the material which tries to impartially get closer to the aspects appearing in addition to the development of the modern information technologies and so as to bring changes to the trends in thinking and diversification of the society. In this work you will meet terms as information, knowledge, communication, mass media, creation of subculture and phenomenon of cyberspace. At firt this work pays attention to the clearing up of information essence for the run of the society and it is also connected with the process of the communication. For making connection there is further description of the development of single medial epochs which were creating suitable place for the development of the human society going up to today's electronic times with the active information content and mass medial way of the communication. To sum up the whole work ends with the critical summary of the trends of today's society and outline their possible solution.The society still has great reserves in taking advantage of the potential of the modern technologies which we are supposed to support by the proper stimulation of the critical thinking its public.
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Technology and use of digital video
Pechar, Zdeněk ; Pavlíček, Antonín (advisor) ; Nekvasil, Marek (referee)
This work puts several aims, whereas the main aim is to afford to the reader an overview of field of digital video. To attend the main aim, we will use a few smaller aims, which show us digital video from many views. At the opening we will study the technology of digital video and we will have look on its short history. We will show to ourselves the types of video mediums including video tape war. We will have a look on some problems and limitations with video playing and also video compressions will be shown. A part of work devote to video formats and problems with playing compatibility. In another part we can read about using digital video and its running thought the society. This work, last but not least, introduce the ways of video distributing. The next small aim of the work is to clear up digital rights and its management. We will also make basic view, how law solve digital rights. We will see prediction in field of digital video and its usage in the final of the work. The manner in which this work is presented does not require reader's deep previous knowledge of the technologies here described.
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Male and Female Identity in Contemporary Society Focusing on the Labor Market
Kudlová, Iveta ; Hubinková, Zuzana (advisor) ; Pauknerová, Daniela (referee)
The aim of the master's thesis is to describe male and female identity in today's society. The first chapter includes basic expressions connected with key terms gender and gender stereotypes. This thesis is focusing on equality of genders and the enshrinement of equality rights in law. This thesis also includes the analysis of the current status of women in the European Union based on data from the Eurobarometer and the Czech Statistical Office survey. The aim of the graduation thesis is to analyse the perception of men and women in today's society, to determine how strongly are stereotypical perceptions rooted in society, how is perceived the equality of men and women in labour market and how opinions on this issue differ among Czech Republic citizens and among European Union citizens.
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