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Kindergarten climate as a starting point for a child - centred model
Reslová, Dagmar ; Uhlířová, Jana (advisor) ; Ristić, Petra (referee)
The thesis deals with the climate in kindergarten and the personality-oriented model. The aim of the thesis is to explore the relationship between the kindergarten climate and the personality-oriented philosophy. In a narrower focus, the thesis examines personal well-being, the setting of the kindergarten teacher, and her interaction with the children. In the theoretical part, the author defines the concept of school climate, personal well-being, the personality- oriented model and its characteristics, the personality of the child, the personality of the teacher, and the relationships in kindergarten in connection with the implementation of the personality-oriented model. In the research part, the correlation and interconnectedness of these relationships are examined in the operation of three selected kindergartens. The correlations are examined through classroom observations and based on individual interviews with teachers and school principals. The collected data show different settings and approaches in individual schools and classrooms, various methods of work and communication of teachers with children, and also a different depth of understanding of the topic of the personality-oriented model. The conclusion of the thesis summarizes the research results. Furthermore, the predetermined research...
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Quality of life in the elderly population in the Czech Republic
Pojerová, Jana ; Pavlů, Dagmar (advisor) ; Šorfová, Monika (referee)
Title: Quality of life in the elderly population in the Czech Republic Objectives: The aim of the study is to assess the quality of life of older people in the Czech Republic in relation to physical activity and to explore their awareness of the concept of frailty. The sub-objectives include a literature search of the issue and elaboration of theoretical background and formulation of research questions on the basis of these. A further objective is then to conduct the research itself, consisting of a one-off survey using a guided interview. Finally, a detailed analysis of the interviews, processing of the results and discussion. Methods: The paper uses the method of research of available Czech and foreign literature sources and the method of structured interview with a predetermined battery of questions for data collection. Opinions on healthy ageing, physical activity and its impact on quality of life and frailty were explored through the interview. A total of 17 older adults were interviewed. Analysis of the interviews was then carried out according to the methodology of Giorgi (1985) to determine the results. Results: Among other factors, physical activity has a positive impact on the quality of life of older people in the Czech Republic. It is also independence, psychological well-being, social...
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Support of the language development through the stimulation of auditory perception at early childhood
Machová, Martina ; Korandová, Zuzana (advisor) ; Klenková, Jiřina (referee)
The main topic of the bachelor thesis supports the development through the stimulation of auditory perception in early childhood. The thesis consists of three chapters, two of them are theoretical and the last one is practical. The theoretical part of the bachelor thesis defines basic terms such as speech, language, and communication. Further, it describes the ontogenesis of speech, language and communication in early childhood. The ontogenesis of speech, language and communication is described by two different authors. The next chapter of the theoretical part introduces auditory perception. This chapter also includes a description of the anatomy and physiology of the ear, auditory perception development, and areas of auditory perception. The research part of the bachelor thesis is research based on qualitative methods. The research method used in the bachelor thesis is case studies. Case studies were processed with the help of other research techniques. The main aim of the research is analyzation of the development of auditory perception in early childhood in one private kindergarten in Prague. To achieve the main aim, the subgoals of the bachelor thesis and the research questions have been defined. The research elaborates on the five case studies of children in early childhood. The research part...
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Research on material didactic tools used in teaching chemistry at lower-secondary schools in Czechia
Štruplová, Hana ; Rusek, Martin (advisor) ; Hamerská, Lucie (referee)
This bachelor's thesis focuses on the use of material didactic tools in teaching chemistry at lower-secondary schools in the Czech Republic. The research primarily concentrated on instructional tools and didactic technology due to their closer relation to the content, methods, and forms of teaching. Special emphasis was placed on the use of textbooks and their structural components. The goal of the bachelor's thesis was to identify which material didactic tools are present in the lessons, as well as their duration and mode of use in teaching. Specifically regarding textbooks, the thesis aimed to map out which structural components of textbooks are utilized in chemistry lessons and with which topics. Therefore, in the theoretical part, the thesis addresses the characteristics of these selected tools, followed by an examination of their significance in teaching. The research method employed was systematic observation of chemistry lessons in lower-secondary schools across the Czech Republic. The analysis of the collected data revealed that blackboards, worksheets, printed materials, and various ICT tools were most frequently used in chemistry lessons. Textbooks were used in 21 % of the observed lessons. The data also indicated that the type of tool used was influenced by the topic being discussed. The...
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Conflicts in the school environment and possibilities of their solutions or even the prevention
Holmanová, Marcela ; Viktorová, Ida (advisor) ; Sotáková, Hana (referee)
The school environment is in itself a complex social mechanism of relationships and interrelationships. In one view of the problem, it is a psychological-social as well as an economic-social model of the relations of individuals. It is not only a field of communication between children and teachers and between parents and teachers, but also between individual teachers and between teachers and school management as well as between parents and school management or between school management and the founder as well as between parents and founder. The competencies of subjects in the school environment are often not quite simply defined. This is not only an annonced psychological and social problem but also a pedagogical and legislative one. From different perspectives, it is possible to look at this phenomenon from a philosophical point of view and from a cultural anthropological point of view. Conflict belongs to school as an institution even both politically and historically. Conflict as a socio-cultural concept also has a general and specific solution. Conflict can be seen as a catharsis in the actions and behavior of the individuals and in frame of the society. For the given diploma thesis, however, the dimension is only the school environment with a focus on teachers and their support in resolving...
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The rule of neutrality of target company governing body in EU from the perspective of corporate governance
Weisser, Adam ; Hurychová, Klára (advisor) ; Josková, Lucie (referee)
The rule of neutrality of target company governing body in EU from the perspective of corporate governance Abstract The subject of this thesis is a legal analysis of the neutrality rule from the corporate governance perspective in the context of the EU harmonisation of the legal regulation of takeover bids. The main research question is whether the neutrality rule is a justified and appropriate instrument to regulate corporate governance problems associated with takeover bids and, simultaneously, to what extent the harmonisation of the neutrality rule in the EU is necessary. The first chapter discusses corporate governance issues in the context of takeover bids in general, focusing on problems arising from the authority of the governing body of the target company to adopt takeover defences against a takeover bid. In this context, broader questions of the regulation and harmonisation of takeover bids in the EU are also discussed. The subject of the second chapter is a legal analysis of the neutrality rule in the Takeover Bids Directive. In particular, attention is dedicated to the transposition and application mechanism of the neutrality rule under the Takeover Bids Directive and the assessment of the fulfilment of its harmonisation objective with regard to the neutrality rule. A partial conclusion is that...
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How to implement multicultural education for pupils at primary school through working with text
Macková, Theodora ; Laufková, Veronika (advisor) ; Martinovská, Klára (referee)
This thesis focuses on the development of multicultural education in third year primary school students (in Czech education system) through work with literary texts. In terms of its form, it is divided into theoretical and research parts. The theoretical part contains basic information about multiculturalism, interculturalism, prejudices and stereotypes, deals with the concept of multicultural education in curriculum documents and goes into more detail about the development of reading literacy at the first level of primary school. In particular, it focuses on the development of reading skills through RWCT methods and the three-phase E-U-R learning model. The research part of this thesis contains a description of an action research carried out in the third year of primary school with the aim of developing multicultural education in pupils through a literary text. On the basis of observation, an interview with the class teacher and a pretest of pupils' current attitudes towards multicultural society, five reading lessons based on five selected children's books were realised and then reflected upon in order to develop pupils' multicultural education. The results of the action research show that the lessons had an impact on pupils' attitudes towards multicultural society, pupils took a more active...
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Assessment of muscle activity by surface electromyography in reflex locomotion according to Vojta
Pochmanová, Lucie ; Nováková, Tereza (advisor) ; Martínek, Milan (referee)
Title: Assessment of muscle activity by surface electromyography in reflex locomotion according to Vojta Objectives: The aim of this thesis is to summarize the existing knowledge on the objectification of the effects of Vojta reflex stimulation. It is also aimed to verify whether there is a higher muscle activity in selected muscles (m. rectus abdominis, m. biceps brachii, m. tibialis anterior) during Vojta chest zone stimulation compared to placebo stimulation. Subsequently, the mean muscle activity relating to maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) for all selected muscles during stimulation was compared. Furthermore, muscle activity related to MVC in the first and last minute without stimulation was also recorded with surface electromyography (sEMG) and was later assessed. Methods: The sample consisted of female university students in the age range of 18-26 years. Muscle activity measurements were performed on a Trigno Delsys instrument with EMGworks Acquisition software. The MVC of selected muscles was measured for each subject, and also the other researchers whose studies were running in parallel with this work were performed. EMG signal measurements were performed not only during placebo stimulation and stimulation according to Vojta, but also in the first and last minute without any...
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Support for preschool childern with developmental language disorder in education
Boháčová, Terezie ; Korandová, Zuzana (advisor) ; Horynová, Jana (referee)
The bachelor thesis deals with the support of children with developmental language disorder in preschool education. The thesis is divided into theoretical and empirical parts. The first chapter introduces the theoretical background, it describes the development of speech, language and communication and clarifies these terms. This chapter then focuses on developmental language disorder, its terminology, classification, etiology, symptomatology, diagnosis and therapy. The second chapter discusses the preschool education system, legislation, the goals of early preschool education, and support options. Counseling facilities and support measures are defined and described, with particular attention to the concepts of the individual education plan and the teaching assistant. This chapter also addresses the issues of school maturity, enrolment in compulsory schooling and its deferral. The third chapter presents a qualitative research investigation. Data was collected through analysis of available documents, analysis of activity products and through participant observation. The content of the research investigation is a case study of a girl attending a preparatory class of primary school. The main objective of the research investigation is to analyze the support of the child in preschool education. The...
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Validation of the effectivenness of individual basketball skills in school physical education
Ielitro, Teodoro ; Pokorný, Ladislav (advisor) ; Vighová, Kristýna (referee)
This bachelor's thesis deals with the validation of the effectivenness of the training of individual basketball game activities in physical education classes. In the theoretical part, a brief history is mentioned, the sport of basketball is characterized, individual game activities are described and one chapter is also devoted to the characterization of adolescents. In the research part, an experiment was chosen as the main method to verify the effectiveness of the training. The experiment involved 59 high school students divided into two research groups, both groups were tested on dribbling, passing and shooting. Subsequently, the experiment was conducted differently for each group and each group was subjected to different forms of game development activities. At the end, the groups were tested again and the results were used to chart the progress of each group and were used to compare the two groups with each other. The main objective was to determine and compare the effect of the individual's practice of game activities on the level of basketball skill development. A sub-objective was to develop a proposed methodological model of teaching using preparatory and movement games that can be used to develop game activities in physical education classes and then to compare the progression of the...
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