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Gazprom and the Economic Crisis in Europe
Mészáros, Peter ; Svoboda, Karel (advisor) ; Horák, Slavomír (referee)
Year 2008 marked a breakthrough in the development of the European gas market. The financial and economic crisis that spilled over from the United States caused a sharp decline in demand for natural gas. Supplies of liquefied natural gas destined for U.S. were diverted to Europe after the U.S. experienced an upsurge of shale gas extraction using the new hydraulic fracturing technology which allowed for natural gas self-sufficiency. During the same period the so-called Third Energy Package in the European Union was adopted in 2009. EU continued liberalization of its gas market and increased pressure on ownership unbundling in the gas industry. Gazprom's response to this new situation and its efforts to adapt are the research subject of this thesis. It is trying to figure out how successful Gazprom was between years 2008-2012 in applying its strategies. It also stands to verify hypothesis that Gazprom had underestimated the depth of the changes occurring and based its response on false assumptions. Hence it also evaluates whether its economic position deteriorated in the period examined. Included in the research is the fact that in these years the situation has also evolved in the domestic market in Russia. Gazprom has made efforts to build a stable profit base in Russia, but has struggled to do so.
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The Impact of the Global Crisis on the Changes in the Civil Engineering.
Smejkalová, Aneta ; Hromádka, Vít (referee) ; Vítková, Eva (advisor)
This diploma thesis deals with the changes in civil engineering that occured as a result of the global pandemic crisis. The theoretical part defines the basic terms and definitions, describes facts from past crises and defines the economic situation before the pandemic. It compares the economic situation before and after the start of the pandemic. This thesis also examines the development of selected macroeconomic indicators during the crisis. The practical part consists of an analysis of the construction market using a questionnaire survey. Based on the data from this survey, it evaluates the view of participants in the construction market on the supply side. The final data obtained from the questionnaire survey are compared with statistical data. Finally, possible predictions about the development of civil engineering are defined.
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The European Commission as an actor during the crises solutions
Čermák, Miroslav ; Kasáková, Zuzana (advisor) ; Šlosarčík, Ivo (referee)
More than ten years after the largest economic crisis, which stroke the European Union in 2008 and thoroughly tested its readiness and ability to act, Europe was hit by a global pandemic of COVID-19. Because of this crisis, the European Union and its institutions faced a number of challenges, stemming from unprecedented measures imposed to tackle it. In contrast with the economic crisis, it was not only the European industrial and financial sectors but also more segments, essential to the functioning of the European Union itself, which were affected by the recent crisis. The aim of this thesis is to point out the differences of impacts of the two crisis and to find out the role played by the European Commission during the process of dealing with them.
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Influence of the American economic crisis of 2007 on Czech economy
Gajdošová, Veronika ; Tichá, Milena (advisor) ; Samek, Tomáš (referee)
This diploma thesis focuses on financial crisis from 2007 and its impact on Czech economy. Special attention is given to four macroeconomic indicators in Czech Republic and their transformation during this crisis and after it. First part focuses on definition and description of characteristics and stages of business cycles, first in general and then specifically when talking about 2007's economic crisis. Subsequent practical part analyses specific economic repercussions stemming from the crisis, pointedly in macroeconomic indicators, state budget and mortgage market. In the final part of this thesis, the knowledge and findings about these areas, which accurately depict overall status of Czech economy during the crisis and after it are evaluated and commented on. This thesis may be used by humanities' teachers to illustrate the functioning of business cycles and their impacts on economies. KEYWORDS: Czech economy, business cycle, trade cycle, economic crisis, mortgage crisis, globalization
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The relationship between financial access and growth of SMEs in emerging markets
Zhao, Lulu ; Svoboda, Karel (advisor) ; Korosteleva, Julia (referee) ; Cibulková, Petra (referee)
By using the cross-sectional data from the World Bank Enterprise Survey, this dissertation selects a sample of over 3000 firms from 16 Central and Eastern European countries during the 2008 financial crisis, to assess (1) How effective priori classifications are to identify financially constrained and unconstrained firms in times of economic recession (2) What the main robust determinants are at the firm and country-level that affect SMEs' degree of financing obstacles (3) What experiences and lessons we can learn from 2008 crisis to combat with 2020 and future emerging recession. Our evidence indicates that during the economic crisis happened in 2008, size, industry, ownership and EU dummy are useful priori classifications while distinguishing firms' different degree to financing troubles, although some of other priori classifications appeared on other literature are ineffective. Smaller firms, foreign-owned and firms in manufacturing are more likely to report the financing trouble and have less access to formal sources of finance. However, government-owned firms and firms with adequate educated workers are less likely to be financially constraint. The result confirms that economic freedom, financial market and trade integration all have a significant relationship with SMEs' access to finance. For...
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The effects of economic crisis in rise and political success of right-wing populist parties in southern countries of EU
Brisku, Inxhi ; Mejstřík, Martin (advisor) ; Arregui Moreno, Francisco Javier (referee)
This thesis tests one of the approaches that analyzes the rise of right-wing populist parties, "the economic crisis" approach. The core idea of this theory is that during an economic crisis, there is a rise of electoral support for the right-wing populist parties. The two case studies which are studied are the (Northern) League in Italy and the National Front/Rally in France. These analyses include a brief history of the said parties, their political profile, and the results in elections after the 2008-2009 financial crisis. As well as data on the profile of supporters of these parties and the reasons why they support these parties, and their views on some of the main political and social issues. From the data confrontation it is shown that there is no correlation between times of economic hardship, and the electoral success of these parties. And what is more important supporters of these parties also emphasize reasons related with identity rather than economic problems for supporting these parties. For economic issues they have a similar perception to the rest of the population. Keywords Populism, right-wing populism, populist parties, economic crisis, elections, identity.
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Black Coal Mining in Czech Rep
Vínovský, Jan ; Škorpík, Jiří (referee) ; Lisý, Martin (advisor)
Throughout history, coal mining has dominated the 19th and especially the 20th century. The period of decline in mining began in the 90s. Between 1990 and 2019, there was a decrease of 88.13%, specifically from 30,714 kt to 3,645 kt of mined coal per year. Currently, only four active mines are in operation and the other two are in a conservation state. The forecast for the future of the sector is very unfavorable. In addition to the economic crisis, there are also reserves of extractable coal, which are currently around 25,000 kt. It is currently planned to end mining at the ČSA and Darkov mines at the turn of 2020 and 2021, ČSM Mines should be closed by 2022 at the latest, which will completely end black coal mining in the Moravian-Silesian Region and the entire Czech Republic.
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Spanish Government's Response to Immigration and Integration Policies During the Economic Crisis of 2008-2014
Slivanská, Kateřina ; Menclová, Barbora (advisor) ; Bauer, Paul (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals with the impact of the economic crisis on immigration policy in Spain in the years 2008-2015. The research focuses mainly in the reactions of Spanish fovernments in the filed of immigration and integration policy in response to the economic crisis of 2008-2014. The economic crisis marked the biggest downturn for both the global and Spanish economies since the crisis of the 1930's. The aim of the thesis is to prove that the economic crisis meant a change in the orientation of immigration and integration policy in Spain by analyzing the approach of individual Spanish governments in this period. The first two parts of the thesis are devoted to defining the basic concepts related to migration and the historical context of Spanish development in the field of migration. Furthermore, the work describes the development of the economic crisis in the world and in Spain and examines how foreigners located on Spanish territory were affected. The main part of the work is an analysis of the approach of government political parties of the People's Party and Socialists to immigration and integration during the economic crisis with regard to the adoption of measures and legislative changes.
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