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Measurements of permeability of dialysis membranes
Veselá, Martina ; Jiřík, Radovan (referee) ; Kolářová, Jana (advisor)
Familiarization with dialysis theoretical principles and determination of dialysis membrane permeability with the help of experimentally assembled apparatus is the aim of this bachelor thesis. The introduction part deals with basic knowledge concerning treatment with dialysis and its current quality. There continues a chapter stating an overview of dialysis membranes different types and main characteristics of individual materials, which the membranes were made of and which they are produced now. Theoretical preparation for the practical part of the thesis clarifies the basic notions, principals and processes connected with the mass transfer through dialysis membranes and dialysis. Further on, theoretical process is described and phrased how to determine dialysis membranes permeability in a laboratory scale in an experimental way. Two possible configurations of experimental apparatus are illustrated with block schemes working either in a non-stationary or a stationary regime of measurement. The basis to determine membrane permeability is sampling in specified time intervals from blood and dialyze side and spectrophotometric detection of samples concentration. The practical part itself is preceded with the process with collected samples analysis. Then, it is followed with relations derivation for mass transfer coefficient calculation. Concentration progress on blood and dialyze side with non-stationary way of measurement is modelled in Simulink programme. The practical part of the thesis uses the mentioned above theoretical knowledge and assumptions and it realises concrete measurements in non-stationary regime. Evaluating part of the thesis documents the obtained results and assesses them with the help of derived equations. The whole process of measurement including obtained results is evaluated and discussed in the final part.
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Local Ventilation
Bilík, Martin ; Otáhal, Jan (referee) ; Krejčí, Vladimír (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals with local ventilation, especially a variant of the local exhausting. At the start of work shall indicate the reasons why it is ventilation very important. There are listed some requirements for ventilation of technical and legislative terms. Ventilation systems are analyzed by several criteria in the next part. The next chapter of this work is devoted to systems and methods of local ventilation. In one chapter is made and a description of the distribution parts of the ventilation system. The last chapter deals with designing and using exhaust adapters. There is also made comparison of their parameters, which represent the operating costs associated with using these adapters.
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Developement of In-Line Heat Treatment Methods
Hnízdil, Milan ; Štětina, Josef (referee) ; Pospíchal, Miroslav (referee) ; Raudenský, Miroslav (advisor)
In-line heat treatment is a part of technological process uses a phase and structure changes to obtain required mechanical properties. Heat treatment of rolled products offers a reduction of steel making costs and a creation of new steel products. For example the TRIP steel is a part of modern steels which is used in the automobile industry for higher safety of passengers. The heat treatment is often described in the literature. But the authors are often focused on the method how to get the required structure and mechanical properties for different metallic materials. Nevertheless just few articles are focused on the technical observing of temperature regimes and which parameter is necessary to consider during designing the cooling section. Eight parameters were tested by the experimental way to examine their influence on the cooling intensity. They were: gravity (orientation of the cooled surface), coolant pressure, amount of coolant spraying on the surface (the flow rate), rolling velocity, nozzle configuration, kind of nozzles (full cone or flat fan nozzle), coolant temperature and the surface quality (surface roughness and scales). All these parameters have an influence the heat transfer coefficient. Based on knowledge gained in this work was created the cooling section, which comply with the required cooling temperature regimes.
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Industrial local exhaust ventilation
Brdečko, Radim ; Štětina, Josef (referee) ; Charvát, Pavel (advisor)
This bachelor‘s thesis deals with local ventilation in industrial working. At the start of work are listed the reasons why is the ventilation very important. In chapter are legislative terms and technical requirements to make humen general comfort during working. Local exhaust ventilation (LEV) is divided into some kinds and types. Filtration in industry is just for overview. The last part deals with appropriate local ventilation to certain technical operation.
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Heat transfer by thermal radiation
Budovec, Michal ; Svoboda, Josef (referee) ; Foral, Štěpán (advisor)
This bachelor’s thesis deals with heat transfer, specifically with thermal radiation heat transfer by convection. The work is divided into theoretical part and calculations. The theoretical part describes basic thermomechanical notions and all kinds of heat transfer with the emphasis on heat transfer by radiation with convection. Heat conduction chapter describes the basic types of heat conduction. In chapter Heat transfer by convection are given criterion equations and examples for determining dimensionless numbers. Radiation heat transfer chapter focuses on heat transfer between two bodies and the radiation factor. With this equations and dimensionless numbers are quantifying variables in the calculation part. In the theoretical part is wrought calculation for a given case of heat transfer in the air and vacuum. The calculation is experimentally verified, from which is wrought protocol with the measurement and comparison with calculation and measurement in the air and vacuum.
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Characteristics of convective environment in ALADIN reanalysis
Zacharov, Petr, jr. ; Vokoun, Martin
For the prediction and assessment of the potential for convective cloud formation, various characteristics of the convective environment are used. Values of CAPE, CIN, wind speed, and temperature at several standard levels are available from the ALADIN reanalysis outputs, from which wind shear and vertical temperature gradient can be calculated. Verification allows for point comparison with data from sounding measurements, for example, from Prague, Libuš.
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Optimization of air conditioning in the office building
Hrbáček, Tomáš ; Uher, Pavel (referee) ; Blasinski, Petr (advisor)
The diploma thesis titled "Optimization of air conditioning in the office building" deals with the issue of heat load. Its understanding and correct determination is the primary step towards the correct design of air conditioning systems. The work is divided into three parts. The first part of the work, the theoretical part, serves to bring closer the theory of heat gains and heat load. Specifically, it is the external part of the thermal load, its division, description and calculation procedure of the individual parts. The second part of the work, the calculation part, focuses on the application of theoretical knowledge to a specific building. Specifically, on the proposal of two alternative solutions for the current state of the air-conditioning equipment in the 3rd floor of the administrative building serving the meeting ro-om. These are more economical variants, which, compared to the original design, carry with them certain limitations in the form of reduced comfort of use. The object for which alternative proposals were prepared is an administrative building in the town of Náchod in the Hradec Králové region. It is a four-story building with a flat single-skin roof. Inside the building, there are mainly office, communication and hygiene spaces. The third part of the thesis deals with the application and partial automation of the thermal load calculation procedure from the theoretical part and examines the influence of the glazing area of facades on the solar gains of various buildings. It describes the method of calculation, the data obtained and finally summarizes and evaluates the results. Excel software and the VBA programming language, whose development environment (IDE) is integrated in Excel, were used for the calculations.
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Diversity and function of pattern structures in the microworld
Hirnerová, Anna ; Škaloud, Pavel (advisor) ; Němcová, Yvonne (referee)
This thesis summarizes current knowledge of patterns and structures at various scales, with an emphasis on the use of these patterns in the microworld and also on the materials that are most often used. Patterns are applied in all areas of natural processes and human activity. There are many analogous models at different scales, but we do not know if they have the same self-organizing mechanisms. Many patterns formed by microorganisms can be prepared without their presence, on the basis of physical and chemical methods, so they are probably created under certain parameters that can be influenced by a given protist. These patterns are evolutionarily advantageous for microorganisms, because they provide them with a number of functional adaptations, mainly in connection with defense against predators and movement in the water column, which is based on the organism's life strategy. The mathematical description of the pattern is extremely important for its further research and for determining the laws that have allowed the organism to benefit from its parameters. Keywords: pattern, structure, convection, reaction - diffusion model, geometry, protist, microorganism, skeletons, shells, scales
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The Mpemba effect and its use in applications
Wittek, David ; Hejčík, Jiří (referee) ; Mauder, Tomáš (advisor)
Hot water appears to freeze faster than cold water. Already Aristoteles mentions this seemingly meaningless fact in his writings. However, to this day no one has been able to fully clarify this phenomenon. Work is focused on factors, which may affect the freezing process of liquids. The composition of the experimental set up will be designed to approach the conditions of the pioneer of scientific research on this issue, E. Mpemba. He has obtained the most convincing results confirming existence of the phenomenon. Based on results, it will be discussed possibilities of practical application, for example for saving time during freezing.
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