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Daphnia hybridization in canyon-shaped reservoirs
Dlouhá, Štěpánka
ABSTRACTS Part 1 Canyon-shaped reservoirs, characteristic by elongated morphology and by ecologically diverse conditions along both horizontal and vertical reservoir axes, are good model systems for ecological studies of zooplankton communities. Presence of ecological gradients improves habitat differentiation and may facilitate coexistence of related species. Here we provide detailed study of genetic structure of the Daphnia longispina complex inhabiting three canyon-shaped reservoirs. Using 12 microsatellite loci, we assessed taxonomic and genetic structure of assemblages composed by populations of D. galeata, D. cucullata, D. longispina and their interspecific hybrids. We focused on detailed taxon determination and on patterns of hybridization and introgression. High number of distinct hybrid genotypes in the samples suggested high frequency of hybridization; despite this, later generation hybrids were rare. In one reservoir inhabited by a single species, D. galeata, we also tested if environmental gradients may cause intra-population genetic diversification similar to spatial differentiation in species composition. Subpopulations along horizontal gradient in the reservoir, as well as those in different layers of the stratified water column, were significantly genetically differentiated. We propose that...
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Language and individuality. Some remarks on comparing Wittgenstein with Husserl and Heidegger
Beran, Ondřej ; Peregrin, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Kouba, Pavel (referee) ; Glombíček, Petr (referee)
The work compares Wittgenstein with Husserl and Heidegger (or more generally: analytical and continental philosophy), but its character is rather systematic, as it treats the question of the relation among language, intersubjectivity and individuality. Husserl and Wittgensten show that our experience of the world (world as we know it) is always our experience of the world ("the world as it is for us"), that this experience is essentially intersubjective, and that intersubjectivity is essentially linguistic. The shape of the experience of the world is not arbitrary, but it cannot be based "realistically" on the "objective" world, at most it can be founded "from inside", pragmatically. The primarily pragmatic nature of our experience allows its variation (a plausible form of relativism), and on the other hand it makes it problematic to try to set the purpose of the experience beyond its limits (an absolute teleology of history). It is also shown that Husserl's conception, setting the non-linguistic life of the consciousness "before" language and individual subjectivity "before" intersubjectivity, faces certain problems, or that we cannot conceive phenomena of thought (psychic life) and individuality, as we usually understand them, this way. Heidegger agrees with Wittgenstein in the point that language is...
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Muscles' disharmony of the football players in the age of pupil category
Hebnar, Martin ; Mahrová, Andrea (advisor) ; Buzek, Mario (referee)
Title: Museles disharmony at the football players in the age ofpupil category Generally speaking, problem of today's football players are persona! injuries. This is very annoying for everyone especially for soccer player because he cannot play for a long time, he comes off trainings and getting back to a good shape is very hard, slow-gaited and problematic. Objective: Diploma work is orientated to illuminate those difficulties and find the best solutions for prevention offootball's injuries. Groups and methods: Football players FK Dukla Praha was tested for muscles disharmonies. They are 14 years old. To test for muscles disharmony was used method by Janda (1996). The results were listed to the test. Results: The results are demonstrated, by regular stretching it is possible to eliminate muscles disharmonies. Discussion: Comparing with other results was similar like as results, which we performed by football players FK Dukla Praha. Conclusion: By regular compensation and stretching it is possible to eliminate muscles disharmony in any extent. Compensations and relax practises should be categorized regular to training process. Key words: muscles disharmony, postural muscles, phasic muscles, stretching, football
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název v anglickém jazyce není uveden
Sálová, Dita ; Říhová, Milada (advisor) ; Král, Oldřich (referee) ; Hrdličková, Věnceslava (referee)
This thesis is focusing on Hakuin Ekaku and his Chat on the Evening boat seen in the frame of medical discourse in the Tokugawa period. Key points are seen in mutual and multilevel interaction among Japanese surrounding and so called Dutch studies (rangaku) and Sino-Japanese medicine. Hakuin Ekaku has not been ,as far as we know, situated into the Tokugawa medicinal history discourse. Mostly he is discussed separately either within individual frameworks of Edo-buddhism rinzai sect revival or within frameworks shaped by his healing methods which are described mainly in his works Yasen kanna and Oradegama. Our question is how much, if ever, Hakuin was involved in scientific changes of his period and to what degree he was aware and familiar with undergoing shifts of medical paradigmats. Based on descriptive analysis of Tokugawa shogunate medical background which unifies western and eastern medical knowledge together with absorbing vital changes undergoing in social and cultural history itself we are discussing Yasen kanna as a part of shifted narrative paradigma, concluding in attempt of Hakuin's role re-definition as a unifying force of various voices coming from different sources with a one goal - personal happiness and health.
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Themes of children's drawings in the second task of Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking in 1991 and 2006
Koštová, Kateřina ; Hříbková, Lenka (advisor) ; Kucharská, Anna (referee)
This work deals with the theme of childern's drawing and focuses in particular on subjects of drawing by preschool childern. The point is to set up the essential themes of subjects drawn by preschool childern The technique used is one where the initial shape is given to the child. There are two groups of tested childern - one in the year 1991 and the second in the year 2006. The used method is TTCT - Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking - 2. part. Analysis and interpretation of obtained data is used to indentify possible advances in the subjects between the two groups. It will be possible to use this data and analysis the childern's work as part of the collected data for the possible standardization of the Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking for the childern at preschool age in the Czech Republic.
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Using Machine Learning Techniques to Analyze and Recognize Complex Patterns of Student E-Discussions
Mikšátko, Jan ; McLaren, Bruce M. (advisor) ; Hric, Jan (referee)
Visual e-discussion is a form of debate in that contributions are written into graphical shapes and linked to one another according to their relationship. In order to moderate several simultaneous e-discussions effectively, it is important to point teachers to interesting clusters of contributions. We designed an algorithm that uses inexact graph matching along with text analysis and machine learning classifiers for searching for such patterns based on a provided example. The method was evaluated on a dataset of real discussion and demonstrated promising initial results.
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Mental rotation of simplex signs
Vobořil, Dalibor ; Šikl, Radovan
One of the basic cognitive operations which enables us to recognize observed objects is mental rotation. In order to recognize any object we are continuously encountering in our everyday life we rotate their image in our mind until it corresponds with a prototypical appearance of a given object stored in memory. It is evident that such operation takes longer time when the apparent differences between the image of actual and stored object is considerable, i.e. when it is viewed from rather different angle. Whether this time is dependent also on structural characteristics of mentally rotated object was the scope of present experiment. Subjects were asked to recognize stimuli of different shapes (letters R, G, F, J and Z) exposed in different orientations as measured by their deviation from usual position (from 0 degree to 180 degrees). Our results indicate that reaction time necessary to recognize differently shaped figures is interindividually variable but the profile of increment of reaction time with increasing angle is similar for all observers, no matter which of letters is observed.
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Expression of different forms of actine in some non-muscular and muscular tissues and tumors
Dundr, Pavel ; Povýšil, Ctibor (advisor) ; Marek, Josef (referee) ; Mačák, Jiří (referee)
Actins are ubiquitous eucaryotic proteins. Actin filaments are involved in diverse functions which include cell contraction, motility, adhesion, division, cell shape maintenance and muscle contraction. Four actin isoforms are tissue specific (α-smooth muscle actin, α-cardiac actin, α-skeletal actin and γ-smooth muscle actin). Two other actin isoforms (cytoplasmic β- and γ-actins) are ubiquitous. Alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) expression is typically found in vascular and enteric muscle tissue, in myoepithelial cells, myofibroblasts and pericytes. However, expression of this actin isoform could be detected in a variety of other cells and tumors with a preexisting different phenotype. Our study focused on the expression of actin isoforms in some muscular and non-muscular tissues and tumors. The goals of our study were: 1 Analysis of actin isoforms expression in normal, osteoarthrotic, posttraumatic and transplanted cartilage. 2 Analysis of actin isoform expression in some non-muscle tumors. 3 Analysis of actin isoform expression in uterine leiomyomas after therapy and in leiomyomas with inclusion bodies of the gastrointestinal tract and uterus and the detailed analysis of inclusion bodies. A total of 82 samples of cartilage, 591 samples of neuroectodermal tumors, 87 cases of breast carcinoma, and 29 cases...
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Development of solar diffuser.
Pintr, Pavel
Theoretically attainable productions of photovoltaic plants depend on the quality of solar sensors. We can determine an effeciency and reliability of photovoltaic plants with them. We introduce optical simulation of the original solution of solar sensor in software Optic Studio 15.5 Zemax. We propose new diffuser shape of solar sensor according to our analyse. We\ndescribe a development of first prototypes and their testing in the real conditions.
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Who are we and who are we becoming within social network sites?
Trachtová, Veronika ; Minařík, Karel (advisor) ; Šlerka, Josef (referee)
The presented thesis aims to analyze the impact of social networking sites (SNS) in shaping our identity. Especially in the context of changes in everyday life caused by significant increase of SNS users. Unlike previous forms of online identity the identity of SNS users is anchored in the reality. Therefore our identity performance in this environment is closely tied to our real identity and real social network. Part of the thesis describe the influence of real social network on our lives, particularly the strong of weak ties is discussed. The analysis is focused on the processes and forms in which is our identity constructed and manifested within social networking sites. Detailed consideration is aimed on narrative and fragmentary characteristics of such identity. Also the consequences of total indexing of user-generated content and its persistent features are examined. This topic is followed by setting the framework of reputation management and protection of personal data. The findings of research present the forms of user identity on Facebook, the use of privacy settings and in particular the importance of the size of the networks of friends. The relationship between socialization in SNS and in the real world is described.
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