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Impact assessment of ordinarily used firefighting agents on selected environmental compartments
Jabandžievová, Barbora ; Vávrová, Milada (referee) ; Zlámalová Gargošová, Helena (advisor)
This diploma thesis is focused on the evaluation of effects of the most frequently used extinguishing agents in the South Moravian region on selected aquatic and terrestrial organisms. Extinguishing substances which have been tested are foaming agents Sthamex and Moussol, rigid wetting agent TS ECO and TS Turbo and ABC FAVORIT fire - extinguishing powder. Their effects have been tested on aquatic organisms Daphnia magna and Scenedesmus subspicatus and terrestric organisms such as Folsomia candida, Lactuca sativa, and Eisenia fetida. Validation test on standard substances have been performed to verify the validity of the test results. From the obtained results values of IC50, LC50 and EC50 were calculated, through which the impact of individual extinguishing agents on the components of the environment was assessed.
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Phase II biotransformation of NSAID flobufen
Babú, Yogeeta ; Wsól, Vladimír (advisor) ; Nobilis, Milan (referee) ; Kuchař, Miroslav (referee)
Xenobiotic chemicals are chemicals foreign to life that are usually derived synthetically or from an abiotic process. The synthetic xenobiotic chemicals are often of enormous value to human society and are usually the majority of the chemicals in such important groups of substances as petrochemicals, pesticides, plastics and pharmaceuticals, where the term drug is usually applied when referring to xenobiotics. Biotransformation is a major mechanism for drug elimination, as they undergo biotransformation after they enter the body. Biotransformation, which almost always produces metabolites that are more polar than the parent compound, usually terminates the pharmacologic action of the parent drug and, via excretion, increases removal of the drug from the body. However, other consequences are possible, including similar or different pharmacologic activity, or toxicological activity. The routes by which drugs may be biotransformed are many and varied and include oxidation, reduction, hydrolysis and conjugation reactions, among others. It is important that these pathways are understood, as the route of metabolism of a drug can determine its ultimate pharmacological or toxicological activity. Drug biotransformation is divided into two phases: Phase I, or functionalisation reactions and Phase II, or conjugative...
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Possibilities of waste treatment in iron and steel industry
Mlčoch, Jakub ; Louda, Jiří (advisor) ; Petrášek, František (referee)
Metallurgical industry annually produces several hundred thousand tones of metalliferous wastes, which contain beside of the oxides of iron, metallic and non-metallic iron also the compounds such as zinc and lead, which are both environmentally and, secondly, preventing the recycling of this waste in metallurgical process in the production of pig iron and steel. The management of this waste, according to the valid legislation, the producer of the waste is burdened by the costs in the form of charges for uploading to a secure landfill or disposal of third parties. At the same time experience a loss of metallic substance contained in the waste, which would be used as a substitute for iron ore in the metallurgical process. Currently occurs on the part of the EU, the pressure to minimize waste, while emphasis is placed on the back of recovery (recycling). This pressure is also reflected in the increase in charges for storing waste, forcing enterprises to innovate in the field of recycling technologies. The correct settings and the use of recycling technologies implies reduction of production costs, which can be discerned from the economic calculation in the application section of the work, that handle with a specific value of the fee for storage of waste.
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Analysis of selected natural compounds by modern separation methods
Citová, Ivana ; Solich, Petr (advisor) ; Ševčík, Juraj (referee) ; Karlíček, Rolf (referee)
7 Summary The presented dissertation thesis deals with an extensive topic of natural compounds analysis by the means of modern separation techniques described from different points of view. Firstly, theoretical information about studied natural compounds (mainly antioxidants) has been summarized including characterization of the mechanism of free radicals formation and development of oxidative stress in human organism. Furthermore, the function of antioxidants and key roles of antioxidant therapy have also been discussed. Within the analyzed antioxidants, biological and physicochemical properties of phenolic acids, vitamins A and E and polyunsaturated fatty acids are described. Concurrently, known and published analytical procedures applied on each group of compounds are summarized. Besides antioxidants, content substances of yellow gentian (dried roots of Gentiana lutea) have been analyzed. Information about gentian pharmacological action, its practical utilization in therapy and ways of analytical determination represents the last chapter of theoretical part dealing with the studied compounds. The second point of view comprises characterization of individual separation techniques used in the thesis. Basic principles of gas chromatography (GC), solid phase microextraction connected to GC (SPME-GC), Ultra...
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Preparation and evaluation of new potential antimicrobial drugs and prodrugs
Imramovský, Aleš ; Vinšová, Jarmila (advisor) ; Kríž, Miroslav (referee) ; Pazdera, Pavel (referee)
5. SUMMARY This thesis deals with the synthesis of antimicrobial active compounds from the group of salicylanilide derivates that were found to be highly antituberculosis active compounds against atypical and resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. These derivates served as the starting substances for the synthesis of prodrugs of acetic acid and amino acid esters, with the aim to reduce toxicity and to optimize physico-chemical properties and transport to the site of action. The second group under investigation was new modifications of some contemporary antituberculosis drug (isoniazide and pyrazinamide), the combination of either of these two compounds with second active molecule through an easily splitting methane bridge, which together could serve as depot forms, after release of both parts they may act as synergists. The outcomes of a literary search, that forewent synthesis, were published as survey articles in scientific papers. They deal with: a) cyclization forms of prodrugs (paper I), b) salicylanilides and their research trends (paper II) and c) isoniazide, its mechanism of activity and structure modifications published till now (paper V). The main scope of the thesis is experimental parts whose results were parcially published and belong to enclosed articles (paper III, IV and VI)....
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Description of state behavior along the critical isotherm and along the saturation curve using simple equations of state. Part II
Bayer, Zdeněk
The contribution deals with a group of 13 equations of state (EOS), predominantly of the van der Waals type, both classical and also newly developed in the IT AS ČR. In the region from the triple- to the critical points, the changes in the temperature functions (1st criterion), deviations of the derivate from the correct value, (2nd criterion), and the course of the liquid spinodal are investigated. Ordinary water substance is used as the model medium. The data and/or equations following from the critical point and saturation curve conditions are given. The calculations showed that considerable improvements may be arrived at separately applied criteria but at their simultaneous application the improvement has been not gained.
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Identification of antimicrobila peptides in spider venom
Benýšek, Jakub ; Liberda, Jiří (referee) ; Tichá, Marie (advisor)
Still increasing resistance to antibiotics leads to the need to find new active compounds with antimicrobial properties. This work is focused on the occurrence, chemical and physical description, mechanism of action and biological activity of such substances, found in spider venom. The second part is focused on isolation and identification of compounds with these properties from the venom of wild bees and a one spider. A novel peptide was isolated and identified from venom of bee Trachusa byssina. This novel peptide possess antimicrobial properties and low hemolytic activity. Molecular weight was estimated to 1749,9 ? 0,1contains 16 amino acids and is amidated on its C-terminus. Its primary structure GILSVLKNLLKKHMAS-NH2 was determined by using Edman degradation and ESI-QTOF mass spektrometry.
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název v anglickém jazyce není uveden
Křenová, Martina ; Pelclová, Daniela (advisor) ; Černá, Milena (referee) ; Benešová, Veronika (referee)
The aim of our study was to evaluate the severity of hepatic and kidney damage retrospectively in the years between 2000 and 2004 with a focus on their reversibility, and to analyse the prognostic factors following Amanita phalloides (Am. ph., mainly hepatotoxic agent) and ethylene glycol (EG, nephrotoxic liquid) based on the calls made to the Czech Toxicological Information Centre and analyses made by toxicological laboratories. Analysis relied on data from medical records. A variety of clinical and laboratory parameters were collected. Fisher's test, Student's t-test and the calculation of linear correlation coefficients were used for statistical analysis. Twenty-four of 206 case-patients with EG intoxication were children. Fifty of 158 adult patients who survived, developed signs of nephrotoxicity. In 19 patients renal function normalized up to one month following the intoxication. Total 21 patients were followed-up as out-patients. Renal function completely recovered in 13 patients during 6 months and in three patients during 8-24 moths following the intoxication. The serum creatinine level was only mild elevated (119 |imol/l) in other two patients. However, their follow-up finished. In three patients renal damage persisted, serum creatinine level 138-200 (imol/1, in 19-26 months after discharge from...
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Antioxidant activity of phenolic substances from Betulae folium.
Skálová, Miluše ; Spilková, Jiřina (advisor) ; Kašparová, Marie (referee)
ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF FENOLIC SUBSTANCES IN BETULAE FOLIUM Miluše Skálová Univerzita Karlova v Praze, Farmaceutická fakulta, Katedra farmakognozie, Heyrovského 1203, 500 05, Hradec Králové Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate antioxidant activity of exctracts of the drug Betulae folium and of buds and leaves of birch collected during the onthogenesis. Also it was appionted content of flavonoids by the method HPLC (High Performance Liquid Chromatography) and it was observed changes during the onthogenesis. The maximal content of caffeic acid in buds was similar like in leaves. The presence of chlorogenic acid was registreted in leaves which were collected in june. High content of the hyperoside was in buds before they have got blossom. and in the young leaves. The next lower maximum was in young leaves, which were collected at the end of may. This value was compareable with the content in dry leaves and also in drug of Betulae folium, which was bought in the pharmacy. The presence of kvercitrin was reminded in buds before blossoming, the similar value was in young leaves, afterthat came a huge decrease of this value. The significant content-increase of kvercitrin was reminded in dried leaves. There are significant differences between the fresh and the dried leaves of the same collection....
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A fluorescence microscopy study on free radicals engagement in the vascular wall remodelling under various experimental conditions
Tomšů, Eva ; Wilhelm, Jiří (advisor) ; Žurmanová, Jitka (referee)
Free radicals are engaged in many cellular actions. Recently, free radicals of versatile kinds reveal to be engaged in changes of the vascular wall composition i.e. in its remodelling. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), mostly of radical nature, are engaged it these actions actively. There are many fluorescent dyes detecting ROS intracellularly. We use mostly dichlorofluorescin, dihydrorhodamine, and dihydroethidium that differ in specificity to individual kinds of ROS. Preliminary studies in our laboratory revealed the opportunity to trace changes of the vascular wall composition during the neonatal developmental period of the laboratory rats heart using above mentioned substances. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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