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Tree in human culture
Fraňková, Renáta ; Czumalo, Vladimír (advisor) ; Soukup, Martin (referee)
The thesis deals with the phenomenon of the tree in human culture from the culturological perspective. It is mainly focused on the Czech lands or, in a broader sense, the whole of Europe. In the first part, the role of the tree in the most important civilizations inhabiting our country and thus influencing the later development of our culture is specified. Further, it refers to the folk customs and traditions linked to the "tree phenomenon" and demonstrates their characteristic examples in the course of the year. Folk sayings are linked with the traditions and form a part of the folk diction. One part of the work is dealing with popular medical treatments and examples of recipes for the production of folk medical preparations, dishes and beverages. Besides, the trees are conceived as one of the archetypes of human culture in the area of various myths as well as in the context of historical facts. The last part treats the subject of protection of the trees.
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Metallothioneins at Small Terrestrial Mammals as Bioindicator of Environmental Pollution
Křivská, D. ; Šestáková, Ivana
Animals living in the contaminated areas are exposed to elevated concentrations of risk elements. Příbramsko is one of most contaminated sites in Czech Republic. This area is loaded with sources of geological and metallurgical industry influence resulting in extremely high Pb, Cd, and Zn contents in soil. We analyzed eighteen subjects trapped on selected locations, belonging to the species Apodemus sylvaticus and Microtus arvalis. By differential pulse voltammetry and modified Brdička reaction, concentrations of metallothionein (MT) in their livers were measured. The influence of field sample treatment on resulting voltammetric record has been demonstrated. Differences of MT concentrations were found between species and among places of trapping.
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Alexithymia in patients with chronic low back pain
Mrlinová, Lenka ; Niederlová, Markéta (referee) ; Loneková, Katarína (referee)
Alexithymia is an impaired regulation of emotions: it is the inability to identify and verbalize own feelings and emotions. It is a deficit in the ability to adapt to challenging, emotional and relationalship situations and is therefore considered as an important factor in the psychosomatic illness. The first part of this work explains origin of the term alexethymia from psychosomatic tradition and also diagnostic methods. This raises questions about its investigation in the context of contemporary medical treatment. The empirical part of the work experimentally tests two methods of measurement of alexithymia: a questionnaire TAS-20 and Alexithymia index on Rorschach test. Compares alexithymia rate in patients with chronic low lumbar spine pain that are indicated for operative treatment with the general population. Results demonstrate the likely low alexithymia in group of patients. Contributing to the basic objectives of the work: approximation to the population with chronic back pain, a contribution to alexithymia diagnosis, differentiation of the less psychosomatic from those where alexithymia in the etiopathogenesis of pain plays major role. It is also regarded as important and in particular the indication of optimal psychotherapeutic approach.
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Smoking prevalence among high school and university students
Pokorná, Lenka ; Kotlářová, Jana (referee) ; Klusoňová, Hana (advisor)
POKORNÁ, L. Prevalence of smoking among high school and university students. Hradec Králové 2010. Diploma thesis. Charles University in Prague. Faculty of Pharmacy. Department of Biological and Medical Sciences. Thesis advisor: RNDr. H. Klusoňová. Ph. D. Keywords: smoking, nicotine, prevalence, addiction, treatment According to World Health Organization more than 5 million people die every year due to the consequences of smoking. It is estimated that the tobacco epidemic will have as many as 1 billion victims in the 21st century. The aim of the thesis is to chart the prevalence of smoking among high school and university students and to determine the level of addiction among smoking students and the age of their first smoking experience. The research examination was made by using a questionnaire. The results prove the fact that the prevalence of smoking among young people is growing. The risk age of the beginning of the addiction is at the age between 14 and 15. Despite the fact that most respondents are convinced that their chance to get rid of the nicotine addiction is big, only a few of them stopped smoking. The finding that the respondents that stopped smoking and then relapsed did not seek medical advice is alarming as well. Nicotine addiction has a demonstrably negative effects on human...
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Internalisation of anti-A?PP antibodies in cells.
Doubková, Pavlína ; Tilšer, Ivan (referee) ; Hronek, Miloslav (advisor)
Introduction: Alzheimer disease (AD) is a specific type of dementia with a complex pathology. A formation of extracellular insoluble amyloid-beta (Aβ) fibrils from precursor protein (AβPP) has been identified as one of the main causes of AD. There are several enzymes involved in a production of Aβ; β-secretase has been recently considered as a potential target for AD treatment by methods of passive immunization. A monoclonal antibody (2B12) has been developed and proved that it binds in the vicinity of β-secretase cleavage site on AβPP and prevents the cleavage of AβPP by steric hindrance. 2B12 is known to binds to AβPP at the cell surface and the whole complex after internalization inhibits β- secretase activity. Methodology: The astrocytoma MOG-G-UVW (MOG) and the Human-CNS derived neuroglioma (H4) living cell lines were used as a model of AD. Incubated with 2B12, another AβPP - binding antibody (N-terminal) and several organelle markers (OM) under various conditions, the cells were fixed and stained by the method of sequential immunocytochemistry (ICC) and visualized using fluorescent microscope. Results: The experiments with MOG/H4 cells demonstrated that the intake of 2B12/N- terminal antibody into the cells is time-dependant; the best labelling was after 4 hours of incubation for 2B12 and MOG...
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Analysis and Modelling of Medical Images
Vrba, Jan ; Mekyska, Jiří (referee) ; Smékal, Zdeněk (advisor)
The main objective of this thesis is an analysis of assessment techniques face, and cephalometric evaluation methods that are suitable for treatment of jaw position and design methods for treatment of jaw. At the same time the emphasis is on studying the methods,java advance imaging, which are used for the curvature of the image and should be able to meet the objectives of the assignment. These adjustments can be made using the Warp. Result of this work is an application developed in JAVA programming language, which demonstrates the best method for modifying the image. This method is WarpGrid. The application was made in the development environment eclipse. With this application, depending on the mouse action is possible to modify the image.
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Use of Waste Substrates to Production of Enriched Yeast Biomass
Starečková, Terezie ; Demnerová, Kateřina (referee) ; Vávrová, Milada (referee) ; doc.PharmDr.Petr Babula, Ph.D. (referee) ; Márová, Ivana (advisor)
Yeasts are like other organisms constantly exposed to environmental influences. Their survival depends on the skills to adapt to environmental changes, including the ability to use various alternative sources of nutrients. In presented PhD thesis carotenogenic yeast belonging to the genera Rhodotorula, Sporobolomyces and Cystofilobasidium were tested for ability to use of selected waste substrates, and also subjected to several types of exogenous stress effects and mutations in order to increase the production of microbial biomass enriched with specific metabolites. As alternative nutrient sources derived from waste substrates from agricultural and farm production apple peel, pulp, corn germ and more were tested. Yeasts were also exposed to osmotic, oxidative and combined stress (benefits of various concentrations of NaCl and H2O2 to the culture media), followed by metal ions of selenium and chromium in concentrations of 0.01 mM, 0.1 mM and 1 mM. The effect of mutagen methanesulfonic acid ethyl ester was tested too. In all experiments the adaptivity of cells, morphological changes, color pigments produced by the media while some important fungal metabolites production and changes in chromosomal DNA fragmentation were analyzed. In order to evaluate potential changes in the yeast genome after treatment with mutagen and stress factors methods for isolation of intact chromosomal DNA and DNA analysis by pulsed field gel electrophoresis was optimized. The amount of produced metabolites was mainly analyzed by RP-HPLC with UV/VIS and MS detection. The work has been shown that most strains are able to use waste substrates and produced selected target metabolites. Biomass, for example, in R. aurantiaca on apple fiber was about 7 g/l and in C. capitatum cultivated on modified whey reached to 9 g/l. Amount of produced carotenoids by R. aurantiaca cultivated on wheat germ and maize after enzymatic hydrolysis by F. solani was 1.01 mg/g and S. roseus on pasta 4.3 mg/g. The values of ergosterol synthesis in R. aurantiaca are on the apple shells around 4.8 mg/g, in S. roseus on pasta with the enzymatic hydrolysis of P. chrysosporium 8.9 mg/g. The best substrate for biomass production and induction of carotenoids are waste substartes containing a mixture of simple and complex carbohydrates enriched with the addition of nitrogen compounds. Potential cytotoxic effect of stress factors of low concentrations was demonstrated. Red yeast genome was able to distribute by optimized PFGE, the karyotype of tested yeasts contain 11 or more chromosomes with visible differences between yeast species and genera. During exchange internship the ability of recombinant yeast S. cerevisiae to convert xylose to xylitol, which would be achieved by increasing the production of bioethanol as alternative fuel sources was studied. It turned out that both ligninocellulose materials to bioethanol production, as well as various waste substrates for microbial synthesis of carotenoids would reduce costs for industrial production of yeast metabolites, as well as to reduce the negative burden on the environment.
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Interaction of a Fluid Flow with an Elastic Body
Mádlík, Martin ; Maršík, František (advisor) ; Kozel, Karel (referee) ; Rajagopal, K.R. (referee)
The interaction problem of incompressible fluid and incompressible elastic material in the so-called Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian formulation is be- ing studied in this thesis. After giving an overview of the essential principles of continuum mechanics in the moving domains, the fluid-structure interaction model is defined. Next, appropriate numerical scheme in three-dimensional space, based on finite element method, is presented and suitable numerical implementation is proposed. The properties of the presented numerical method are demonstrated on the number of numerical examples. The simplest approach, decoupling the problem into the fluid and solid parts and treating the interaction between them as an external boundary condition, is later revised by introducing the single continuum formulation. The interaction is then seen as an internal boundary, which does not require any special treatment. The proposed method allows to model the large deformations of an incom- pressible Neo-Hookean material, a flow of an incompressible power-law fluid and a mutual material interaction. The quasi-Newton method is used to solve with the original non-linear problem, while a direct solver is the tool that deals with the resulting linearized form. The numerical implementation takes advantage of parallel programming...
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Radiotherapy planning
Běťák, Ondřej ; Janoušek, Oto (referee) ; Kolářová, Jana (advisor)
The thesis is dealing with usage of ionizing radiation in radiotherapeutical treatment and designs demonstrative function for modelling the final radiation field in Matlab. The fundamentals is based on Leksell gamma knife . Leksell gamma knife uses 201 sources a it’s purpose is to treat tumours in brain tissue. The sources are placed static. In demonstrative function are 8 sources instead of 201 and there is 2D exposuring. The sources are equalized in defined coordinates in matrix 100x100. In demonstrative function is possible to set the number of activated sources, it’s beam width in isocentre and indirectly the angle of rotation of sources.
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Patient's compliance of dietary therapy in metabolic disease
Potočková, Jana ; Anděl, Michal (advisor) ; Dlouhý, Pavel (referee)
The goal of my bacalaureat thesis is an assessment of compliance of the patients with selected metabolic disorders treated by the diet. As an example of these disease most common civiliza- tion diseases as a diabetes mellitus, several types of hyperlipoproteinaemias and obesity were selected Treatment of these disorders is based mostly on the whole life regimen of the diet and life organization. Well accepted compliance is the basis for successful treatment and clinical compensation of mentioned diseases. The aim of my work was a proving of seven working hypotheses about compliance, attitude and sense to dietotherapy and questions determinated the influence to compliance assess- ment. Five hypotheses were confirmed and two ones refused. 128 respondents was included in the research group, included 40 patients with diabetes or obesity in the group with intensive intervention program, random selected group was consis- ted from 88 patients diabetes mellitus, hyperlipoproteinemias or obesity. The questionnaire was completed anonymously and computer program was used for statistical analysis and results demonstrated in tables and figures The positive changes of dietary regimen during the course of intensive intervention program were proved. Positive correlation between...
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