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Role of skin stem cells in aging and regeneration
Hlaváčková, Tereza ; Nešporová, Kristina (advisor) ; Procházka, Jan (referee)
Skin is a natural and effective barrier of the body against the adverse effects of the external environment. Which, however, requires its constant regeneration and, in the event of damage, repair. Stem cells stored in the epidermis, hair follicles and dermis contribute to this. As with other stem cells, these are characterized by so-called stemness, ie the ability to self-renew and differentiate into other cell types, thus providing a source of cells for skin renewal. During aging, due to internal and external factors (mainly due to oxidative stress and DNA damage), the integrity and functionality of the skin barrier are lost. This process is related, among other things, to a reduction in the number and function of skin stem cells. Today several therapeutic approaches are being developed that use stem cells, but at the same time, it is clear that their origin also significantly affects their use. Therefore is necessary to have a good understanding of the specific properties of the function of skin stem cells to modulate the properties of the skin. This work aims to create a review of scientific literature, which covers the topic of skin stem cells, their role in the processes of regeneration and repair and their role in aging. The work will also address the issue of the skin or other types of stem...
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Characterization and application of microwave plasma on wound healing
Smejkalová, Kateřina ; Skoumalová, Petra (referee) ; Krčma, František (advisor)
The aim of the Master thesis is the investigation of the influence of microwave discharge for skin wound healing. Microwave discharge used for this work was argon microwave plasma generated by the surface wave and direct vortex torch. The theoretical part is focused on basic information about plasma and processes that occur in plasma discharge under specific conditions. Plasma generates various active particles such as hydroxyl radicals, nitric oxide radicals, excited nitrogen molecules, atomic nitrogen, argon and oxygen. All of these particles together with plasma generated photons are usable in biomedical applications and summary of them is shown in the theoretical part. The experimental part is focused on the comparison of torch discharge and microwave plasma generated surface wave in skin wound healing. The model wounds on laboratory mousses were treated by plasma and wound healing was examined during 3 weeks after the plasma treatment. Both plasma systems showed healing acceleration. Application of torch discharge was proved to be the most effective method in the healing of skin defects. Additionally, determination of active particles was taken by optical emission spectroscopy. Based on these measurements, plasma parameters were determined: electron temparutare, rotational and vibrational temperatures. To determine role of different plasma active species, the treatment of indigo coloured artificial skin model was treated under various conditions by both plasma systems. Results show that the direct interaction between plasma particles is the main effect, role of radiation, only, is more or less negligible. Finally, the plasma vortex system was visualized using fast camera at selected powers and gas flows.
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Characterization and application of microwave plasma on wound healing
Truchlá, Darina ; Němcová, Andrea (referee) ; Krčma, František (advisor)
Non-thermal plasma has a lot of ways for using in nowadays medicine. It presents many useful actions like charged particles, UV light, electric field, radicals, excited atoms and molecules. That complicated chemistry directs to uncountable synergistic interaction between cold plasma and biological systems, involve cells and tissues. This thesis is about effects of cold plasma to wound healing. Two different microwave plasma systems were used for the presented study. The first one was argon plasma torch generated by surface wave using the quartz capillary, the second one was plasma torch with reverse vortex argon flow. Diagnostics of plasma jet by optical emission spectroscopy shown the presence of active particles, which are responsible for a lot of impact of plasma treatment. Concentrations of active particles generated by plasma are dependent on conditions of plasma generation like power of generator and gas flow. For visual evidence of effects on skin caused by active particles was created simulation of skin tissue. Interaction between plasma jet and artificial skin tissue shown that UV light and temperature are not responsible for all observed effects which are noticed after plasma treatment. Some part of experiments was realized in collaboration with Medical University of Sofia in Bulgaria. The theory of positive effect to wound healing was supported by experiments based on treating artificially created wounds on laboratory mice by cold plasma. It was proved, that process of wound healing is significantly shorter after using plasma treatment in comparison with normal wound healing. Plasma treating of wound for 10 seconds in two consequent days seems like more effectively than application of plasma only one day. This Thesis was carried out as a part of international project PLASMABORDER that was supported by European commission under cohesion funds; programme INTEREG SK-CZ under contract No. 304011P709.
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The role of nitric oxide during embryonic wound healing and regeneration
Abaffy, Pavel ; Šindelka, Radek (advisor) ; Brábek, Jan (referee) ; Krylov, Vladimír (referee)
The study of the mechanisms that control wound healing is an attention-drawing area within the fields of biology and medicine. Wound healing can be usually defined as two basic types. The first type is adult wound healing, which is slow and results in the scar formation. The second type is referred to as embryonic wound healing, which is in contrast fast and scarless. Wound healing is a complicated process that includes many steps, which are regulated by various types of molecules. One of these important molecules is nitric oxide (NO). Its function is usually connected with the regulation of inflammation and angiogenesis during adult wound healing. However, there is currently no information on its role during embryonic wound healing, where the immune and vascular systems are not yet developed. In this work, we explore and describe the role of the NO during the healing of the early embryos. The highest concentration of the NO post wounding is produced during the first 30 minutes after injury. This applies to all developmental stages, from the blastula stage all the way to the swimming tadpole stage. The main role of the NO during embryonic wound healing is the regulation of the gene expression that is connected with the stress response and the regulation of cellular metabolism. Additionally, we...
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Basement membrane and the role of matrix metalloproteinases during embryonic wound healing
Kadlčíková, Dominika ; Šindelka, Radek (advisor) ; Tolde, Ondřej (referee)
The healing process is an attractive topic in biology and medicine. There are two types of wound healing - in embryos and in adults. In the case of embryonic wound healing the whole process is simplified and accelerated. An inflammatory reaction typical for adult healing is eliminated and the wound is healed without scars. Better understanding of embryonic wound healing could lead to more effective treatment of injuries, burns and chronic wounds in human population. The studying of molecular mechanisms in the healing process is also meaningful in the context of understanding the cancer regulation. The wound healing could be compared with embryonic development in many ways. The body's axes are essential for a spatial activation of genes involved in development. Our hypotesis was that the axis are also important for wound healing. It has been suggested that the cell's polarity and motility depends whether the wound is vertical or horizontal. There are also connections between wound healing and cancer development. One of them is the degradation of the basement membrane (BM) and extracellular matrix (ECM). The process of degradation is catalyzed by the coordinated action of several classes of enzymes. Some of them - matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) and their role in embryonic wound healing have been...
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Healing of wounds during history and nowadays.
ŠVANCÁROVÁ, Kristina
My bachelor thesis "Healing of wounds over course of time" has a theoretical character. Its aim is to analyse the development of wound healing as an integral part of nursing care from prehistoric times up to the present days. This work is a historical-analytical study of primary and secondary literal sources with a following elaboration of an interpretative text. To achieve this it was crucial to set a few research questions: What was the development of wound care from a historical perspective? What influenced wound healing in the historical context? In connection with these research questions it can be stated that the development of wound care started in prehistoric times, where it was influenced by the development of society. Further on it developed in connection with some major events. Among these we can name mostly the influence of Christianity in the Middle Ages, building of medical facilities thanks to the Theresian and King Josef's reforms during the Enlightenment period. Last but not least we have to mention the 19th century which was a breakthrough for the development of wound care due to the new position of women in medicine, nursing as a profession, the establishment of nursing schools and the systematic training of nurses, which continues to develop up to the present days. The historical context that has had an impact on wound healing is characterized in prehistoric and ancient times primarily by the organization of society, religion, and cultural practices that have led to a development of surgery. In the Middle Ages the methods of wound healing stagnated, in comparison with Renaissance, where, thanks to Paré, Mondeville and Paracels, surgery underwent a significant development. The era of Enlightenment and the 19th century were characterized by the development of war surgery, the industrial revolution, the discovery of antisepsis (Lister) and antibiotics (Fleming). Furthermore, the 20th and 21st century were significant due to the discovery of modern materials for wet wound healing and various medical treatments used in wound healing.
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Comparison of wound healing management in acute and follow-up care
ŠTEFFLOVÁ, Veronika
Thesis objectives: The thesis deals with the comparison of wound healing management in acute and subsequent care. The theoretical part presents the knowledge of acute and chronic wounds, wound healing and their phases. Furthermore, the thesis deals with methods of wound treatment. The last chapter of the theoretical part deals with management and the role of a nurse in caring for a patient with a wound. In the empirical part, the first goal was to find out whether nurses from the Hradec Králové Region hospitals know the division and types of wounds. The second goal was to map out the possibilities for nurses to heal wounds. Another aim was to compare the differences between wound healing in acute and subsequent care. The fourth goal mapped the knowledge of nurses about wound healing materials. The following aim was to find out which materials for wound care are available at the hospital of the Hradec Králové Region. The sixth goal was to compare the economic and time-consuming wound healing at the acute and aftercare departments. The last goal of the thesis is to elaborate a seminar within the framework of lifelong education of general nurses on the topic of effective wound healing. Five hypotheses and two research questions were formulated to meet the goals of the thesis. Method for achieving the objectives: The set goals were achieved through quantitative questionnaire research and qualitative observation and interview research, which were chosen to complement the results. The sample included general nurses working in the internal department, the surgical department, the intensive care unit, the anesthesiology-resuscitation department and the aftercare departments in the hospitals of the Hradec Králové region. The total number of respondents was 120. Scientific benefits of the thesis: Overall research shows that nurses have sufficient knowledge of wounds and their treatment, but deficiencies in some areas are still evident. Furthermore, the research shows that nurses do not have enough therapeutic material to work on their workplaces. The interviewed group of general nurses said they think that modern dressing materials have a positive effect on wound healing. The results of the work can be used for practice, in hospital and other health care facilities to improve wound healing. The findings and conclusions: In the tracked file, we verified that the length of treatment of wounds on beds of acute and subsequent care differs (p = 0.002); the results show that the average time of wound dressing is prolonged in subsequent care. Conversely, the availability of dressing materials in the respective departments did not differ (p = 0.159). Furthermore, we found that the economic intensity of the after-care beds is lower, despite the fact that more wound dressings are done than in the acute care.
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Methodology of using low-temperature plasma in veterinary treatment
Dejneka, Alexandr ; Kubinová, Šárka ; Moravec, J. ; Bezděk, D.
The aim of the methodology is application of low-temperature plasma in veterinary treatment. Low-temperature plasma (NTP) has non-specific antimicrobial effects and it can be safely applied to living tissues without damaging them. The methodology presents the solution of dermatological problems with potential bacterial, fungal or yeast contamination. The method can also be used for antimicrobial decontamination and for the promotion of healing of chronic and non-healing wounds.
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Preparation of encapsulated enzymes for cosmetics application
Bokrová, Jitka ; Čarnecká, Martina (referee) ; Márová, Ivana (advisor)
Presented diploma thesis is focused on testing of an appropriate form of encapsulated enzymes intended for application in cosmetic and pharmaceutical industry. For encapsulation, proteolytic enzymes bromelain, papain and collagenase were used. These enzymes were encapsulated into alginate and chitosan microparticles prepared by an encapsulator and packed into liposomes. Encapsulation effectiveness was evaluated by analysis of total proteins. Particles stability was evaluated in model and real conditions by photometrical analysis of released proteins. Proteolytic activity of released enzymes in model and real conditions were observed too. Alginate and chitosan microparticles prepared by the encapsulator were found as an appropriate form of encapsulated enzymes designed to wound healing. Encapsulation effectiveness of these particles and stability in model conditions were good in comparison with liposomes. Hydrogel and water-oil emulsion were used for analysis of particles stability at real conditions. Hydrogel was found as a good option for preservation of particles as well as proteolytic enzyme activity. Emulsion made particles less stable and proteolytic activity of enzymes decreased rapidly. Encapsulation enables long-term stabilization of biologically active compounds as well as possibility of targeted transport and controlled releasing. Presented diploma thesis suggests possibilities of application encapsulated enzymes in designing more effective formulations for wound healing.
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