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The right to a lawful judge
Hruška, Lukáš ; Uhl, Pavel (referee)
The right to a lawful judge Abstract This thesis deals with the basic subjective right to a lawful judge. Its basis consists of analysis of the constitutional and statutory provisions (formal aspect) and their interpretation in the context of merits of the right to a lawful judge (material aspect). The research question of this thesis is as follows: "Are the statutory provisions (or tables of duties) and practices of courts in the Czech Republic aligned with principles and purpose of the basic right to a lawful judge?" General, basic and theoretical issues of the right to a lawful judge such as its nature as a basic subjective right, the scope of its addressees or relation to the right to a due process in line with Article 36 paragraph 1 of the Charter of fundamental rights are analyzed in the second chapter. Findings of this analysis are used to demonstrate the purpose for which the right to a lawful judge was included in the Charter of fundamental rights as well as the implications for independence of the judiciary and procedural rights of parties to the proceedings. Origin of the right to a lawful judge is subsequently explained by a short recourse in chapter three which deals with several historical periods which are most often linked to the necessity of the right to a lawful judge. A deeper analysis of...
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Explainable Convolutional Neural Networks
Kamenický, Daniel ; Herout, Adam (referee) ; Hradiš, Michal (advisor)
The aim of this work was to compare several methods for visualizing the features of each class on the input pixel layer of the CNN. Each method uses a different algorithm, based on gradients, to compute the resulting values. Using the implementation of each method, the resultant values of the methods are obtained by using the equation of energy concentration. The resultant values are presented in tables and graphs from which the success rate of the result of the work can be read. The difference between the methods and comparison of their results can be read from the work. This makes it possible to get an overview of gradient based visualization methods.
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The competence of arbitrators for deciding property disputes (from the perspective of their independence and impartiality)
Ryšavý, Lukáš ; Pohl, Tomáš (referee)
The main focus of this doctoral thesis is arbitration; the phenomenon of not only an out- of-court dispute resolution but also international commercial relations. Arbitration is a modern legal institute that is regarded as an equivalent alternative to court proceedings. Independence and impartiality of the arbitrator are very important and at the same time very problematic aspects of arbitration. These two principals accompany the arbitration since the beginning of the modern era of this institution and they are still perceived as essential criteria of the arbitration. Independent and impartial decision-makers are an integral part of the right to a fair trial enshrined in Art. 36 subsection 1 of the Charter of Fundamental Rights and Freedoms and Art. 6 subsection 1 of the European Convention on Human Rights. Although such legislation refers to the court in terms of a state court, in the course of this thesis was demonstrated that these attributes are also applicable to arbitrators, even though they must be interpreted in arbitration proceedings with respect to the characteristics of arbitration. Due to the fact that resolving disputes in this way is the most common approach in international trade, the main focus of this thesis is to depict the issues of independence and impartiality in relation of...
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The right to a lawful judge
Hruška, Lukáš ; Kindlová, Miluše (advisor) ; Hřebejk, Jiří (referee)
The right to a lawful judge Abstract This thesis deals with the basic subjective right to a lawful judge. Its basis consists of analysis of the constitutional and statutory provisions (formal aspect) and their interpretation in the context of merits of the right to a lawful judge (material aspect). The research question of this thesis is as follows: "Are the statutory provisions (or tables of duties) and practices of courts in the Czech Republic aligned with principles and purpose of the basic right to a lawful judge?" General, basic and theoretical issues of the right to a lawful judge such as its nature as a basic subjective right, the scope of its addressees or relation to the right to a due process in line with Article 36 paragraph 1 of the Charter of fundamental rights are analyzed in the second chapter. Findings of this analysis are used to demonstrate the purpose for which the right to a lawful judge was included in the Charter of fundamental rights as well as the implications for independence of the judiciary and procedural rights of parties to the proceedings. Origin of the right to a lawful judge is subsequently explained by a short recourse in chapter three which deals with several historical periods which are most often linked to the necessity of the right to a lawful judge. A deeper analysis of...
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Estimation of the pair correlation function of a point process
Vondráček, Jakub ; Dvořák, Jiří (advisor) ; Beneš, Viktor (referee)
This thesis deals with kernel estimation of the pair correlation function of a stationary and isotropic point process. Firstly, the basics of the theory of point processes are built up. Then, the derivation of formulas for expectation and variance of a kernel estimator is provided. Also, an extension of a simple Poisson approximation of variance to the case of an estimator with more complicated edge correction compared to what is usually used in the literature is given. These formulas depend on a parameter called bandwidth. The recommendations for selecting the bandwidth that can be found in the literature are summarised and simulation experiments are performed to assess the correctness of the derived formulas. These experiments also prove that a variance approximation obtained by ignoring so called "higher order correlations" is unjustified. Lastly, bandwidth selection and the advantages and disadvantages of several approaches for bandwidth selection are discussed. 1
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Media literacy and critical thinking among adolescents
Zvelebilová, Kristýna ; Jirků, Jan (advisor) ; Moravec, Václav (referee)
ZVELEBILOVÁ, Kristýna. Mediální gramotnost a kritické myšlení u dospívajících. Praha, 2020. 131 s. Diplomová práce (Mgr.). Univerzita Karlova, Fakulta sociálních věd, Institut komunikačních studií a žurnalistiky. Katedra žurnalistiky. Vedoucí diplomové práce PhDr. Jan Jirků, Ph.D. Annotation Master's thesis project Media Literacy and Critical Thinking Among Adolescents adolescents emphasizes the importance of media literacy for life in today's media-rich world. At the same time, it introduces related concepts such as critical thinking or media education and phenomena like fake news, hoax, propaganda, confirmation bias etc. Overall the main emphasis of the thesis is on the media literacy and its development among youth audiences. Marking of a specific relationship between the children and the media is followed by the description of parental media education strategies, media education in general and specifically in the Czech educational system. Main stress of this document is on the critical-thinking related part of a media literacy. Theoretical introduction is complemented by a case study research, which aims to discover, how secondary school pupils approach selected examples of fake news. Methodology of this case study falls somewhere between quantitative and qualitative research. It is conducted by a...
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US-Russia Relations and the Mass Media: The Representation of Vladimir Putin in the American Media
Alikina, Valeriia ; Karásek, Tomáš (advisor) ; Ditrych, Ondřej (referee)
Russian-American Relations and the Mass Media Securitization of Vladimir Putin and Donald Trump in the American Press by Valeriia Alikina This thesis is focused on two issues relevant to Security Studies and Political Science: relations between the Russian Federation and the United States of America, which are currently experiencing yet another decline, and problematics of political journalism. It reviews the process of securitization of Russia through speech acts in the mass media of its historical opponent, the United States. First, the thesis provides a theoretical framework, securitization theory, introducing its main principles. To prove that the process of securitization indeed occurs, the method of discourse analysis is employed. The third chapter provides background information on the relations between the Soviet Union/Russia and the United States since the end of the World War II; this information is completed by the role mass media had in their affairs. The next chapter frames the issue of propaganda, elaborating on the meaning behind this concept, the "fake news" narrative, and the idealistic idea of media objectivity. In the fifth chapter, the case study, two processes of securitization are reviewed. The first one is the American mainstream media, namely The New York Times and The...
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The image of the fefugee crisis in the main news selection of FTV Prima
Kamrad, Jan ; Železný, Jakub (advisor) ; Hanzal, Jaromír (referee)
When the refugee crisis striked Europe in 2015, czech society found itself on intellectual intersection which influenced media discours of refugee issue. Therefore some of the media were critisized for bias manner of refugee topic coverage. Considering FTV Prima, the suspision of non- compliance of objectivity grew rapidly after the audioreport release of meeting, where leadership of this television confined its employees to report about refuugee crisis as a threat and danger. This work reflects the issue of influencing the broadcast of commercial television by the proprietor. In the first part of this bachelor thesis the terminology concerning refugee phenomenon is defined and the relationship of czech society to imigrants is analyzed. Morover, topics of media theory are explained including media content output, agenda setting, objectivity, bias and influence of mass media to society. These theoretical concepts are then interpreted affecting FTV Prima case. The aim of this work is to describe chosen aspects of reporting about refugee crisis in the main broadcast of FTV Prima. The quantitative analysis has been selected as a methodology of this thesis where author examines tonality, number and order of reports related to refuge crisis within 48 days in August and September 2015. This analysis is...
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