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Sleep disorders and alertness in children with attention- deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
Příhodová, Iva ; Nevšímalová, Soňa (advisor) ; Hadač, Jan (referee) ; Bojar, Martin (referee)
Attention - deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most frequent neurobehavioral disorder of childhood. Complaints of sleep disorders are very common in children with ADHD. The underlying mechanisms of this relationship are systematically investigated. The results of sleep studies are very heterogenous. It is still unclear if ADHD is connected with a special sleep disturbance or if sleep disorders are another comorbidity in patients with ADHD. In our prospective study we evaluated sleep macrostructure and microstructure, the incidence of sleep disorders and the level of daytime sleepiness in patients with ADHD. The patients have never been farmacologically treated for ADHD and they did not have any comorbid psychiatric disorders. Comparing the results with a control group we find neither changes in sleep macrostructure and microstucture, nor in the incidence of sleep disorders. While we fell short of proving increased daytime sleepiness, we did find evidence of significant daytime vigilance variability in children with ADHD-in support of the theory of hypoarousal in ADHD. Based on this data we belive that generally sleep disorders have no substantial or causative role to play in ADHD. We excluded psychiatric comorbidies in our cohort. We presume they can participate in the occurrence of sleep...
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Recent Czech translations of M.M. Zoshchenko
Ripplová, Jana ; Stiessová, Jitka (referee) ; Uličná, Olga (advisor)
This thesis is an analysis ofthree selected short stories by M. M. Zoshchenko and their translations, that were carried out by Jaroslav Hulák and Libor Dvořák. The main aim is to compare two distinct approaches in translation techniques. The key hypothesis was that the style and the language ofboth translations would be dependant upon the period of their origin. In the first chapter a briefbiography ofMichail Michajlovič Zoščenko is presented. The second chapter contains a characteristic of Zoščenko' s comicality togehter with the semantic and style sources and with the description ofthe short stories' hero and a characterisation of situational humour. In the third, fourth and fifth chapter an analysis of individual short stories is performed. Initially, a linguo-stylistical analysis of the original is carried out. A critical evaluation of each individual translation is subsequently performed. In the sixth chapter extracts from each short story are quoted together with their translations and notes. From the performed analysis it is apparent that although each selected translator uses a different approach, the dissimilarities are not caused by the time-gap between the origin ofindividual translations. Translations by J. Hulák, that were published more than twenty years ago, lose nothing of their recency and...
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English modal verb "must" ("have to") and its Czech counterparts
Libertin, Daniel ; Dušková, Libuše (referee) ; Šaldová, Pavlína (advisor)
The presented study focuses on the English modal verb must. It will attempt to explore its use in English and its corresponding Czech translation counterparts. The aim of this study is to examine the correspondences and differences between the uses of must and the respective Czech devices of expressing modality, in order to present a contrastive analysis of the means of expressing modality in both languages. In the theoretical part of the study, an overview of meanings, uses and functions of must in English with a focus on the extrinsic/intrinsic differentiation will be introduced. Its morphological features will be also described. This will be backed up by a short description of the concepts of modality and modal verbs. A brief outline of the situation in the Czech language will be also included, with the aim to introduce the points of contrast between the English must and the Czech modal verb muset, as well as the frequent use of modal particles/adverbs in Czech. In the empirical part, an analysis based on 179 occurrences of the verb must and its authentic counterparts in Czech will be provided. The analysis will be divided into two stages. In the first stage, the findings will be classified into the semantic subcategories according to the type of modality. The second stage will attempt to render a...
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A family picture through the short stories of Ignát Herrmann
Fuchsová, Ilona Anna ; Vaněk, Václav (advisor) ; Janáček, Pavel (referee)
This Diploma thesis interprets five collections of stories by Ignát Herrmann (Drobní lidé I. [Small people I.], Muž bez třináctky [A man without number thirteen], Rodiny a rodinky [Families and little Families], Staří mládenci [Old Bachelors], Z chudého kalamáře [From the poor inkpot]) written between 1870 and 1900, and focuses on the subject of 'the family'. 'The family' is initially qualified as a basic social unit, and subsequently implanted in to the context of Czech middle-class society between 1870 and 1900 as a two generation family, with a definitive and functional division of male and female roles. The analysis of Herrmann's characters in numerous family roles, clearly illustrates the importance of 'the family' in the author's stories, and is conclusively considered as the high point of Herrmann's work.
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Philosophical and aphoristic short prose of Botho Strauß
Číhalová, Jitka ; Tvrdík, Milan (referee) ; Stromšík, Jiří (advisor)
The famous contemporary German playwright Botho Strauß is also a prominent author of philosophical and aphoristic short prose, among others a volume named Paare, Passanten (Pairs, Passers by), which has been examined from the standpoints of formal, topical and ideological particularities. From the formal standpoint, the book is distinguished by occurrence of mixed literary forms dominated by short reflective, philosophical and personal notes, narrations and "portraits of moments", which bear both aphoristic and essayistic styles. The transitions between individual literary forms are often unclear and inconspicuous, even within an individual text. The texts are loosely connected to each other, yet they form a sophisticatedly composed series. The style of Strauß's texts is heavily enigmatic, fantastic and often allegorical. The texts are distinguished by a multilayered, at least dual structure (compare Welsch 26), which is typical for post-modernistic literature and offers to the reader a great variability in interpreting the allegorically encoded abstract phenomena, while the actual contents of these texts mainly depends on the contents of reader's mind. The central topic of the volume is the necessity, perceived by the author, to convey a historical continuity, which is to form a basis for creating a new...
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The business plan for a newly created construction company
Stočková, Ivana ; Cejthamr, Václav (advisor) ; Mejdrech, Vlastimil (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to create a business plan for a newly created construction company. The theoretical part describes in detail the structure of the business plan, the principles for a successful treatment plan and possible alternatives. The second part focuses on the description of the construction industry, its characteristics and the current market condition. The practical part is the actual business plan, whereby you can verify that it is the intention of the actual real market conditions and whether the founders of the initial investment back within a sufficiently short time.
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Jean-Philippe Toussaint and New novel
Veselá Segetová, Zuzana ; Pohorský, Aleš (referee) ; Voldřichová - Beránková, Eva (advisor)
This thesis deals with the question whether Jean-Philippe Toussaint's work resembles the work of the authors of the New novel, particularly Alain Robbe-Grillet. The thesis initiates with the topics covered by the New Novel: the main ideas and their realization and characteristics of the new writing style. This is followed by the analysis of a contemporary Belgian author, Jean-Philippe Toussaint. There is a short introduction of his life and character, his work and reasons why he is so popular and how he became a success. The main point of this part is the analysis of his writing style and its development from his early novels up to his present work. This thesis tries to look into the similarities and differences of J.-P. Toussaint's work and the work of the authors of the New novel. It mainly focuses on the use of objects, what role they play in Toussaint's novels, how they are described and the importance of their description for understanding the plot. The analysis begins with an introduction to the 1950s' new wave authors, later called the authors of the New novel, and their complaints aimed at the classical 19th century novel. We base this part mainly on Alain Robbe-Grillet's ideas. This author totally rejects classical plot, characters, accurate description of reality and linear time-flow. Instead, he...
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Diverticular Disease at the Beginning of the Millenium
Martinek, Jiří ; Vobořil, René (advisor)
Diverticular disease, colon cancer is a disease with a relatively short history and the rapid development of expert opinion among gastroenterologists and surgeons regarding its pathogenesis, conservative and surgical treatment procedures and , last but not least, prevent its occurrence. It is a disease whose frequency occurrence in the course of the twentieth century significantly increased along with the development of society and lifestyle changes. While at the beginning of the twentieth century was disease is a rare finding at autopsy , at its conclusion and the beginning of the century twenty-first became a major surgical gastroenterologickým problem. Often when I search articles hit the front on the claim experts , it is a "disease or problem of the twentieth century ." As the development of knowledge about the disease due to the rapid progress of science Rapid and information often appear to be fragmented and incomplete , as the task this thesis I have chosen to describe the current state of the most recent major knowledge of the disease in the form of recent research articles , literature and charting the historical development of the main findings of pages pathogenesis, treatment conservative and surgical procedures. The final chapter is devoted to preventive treatments and dietary guidelines ,...
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The Russian Federation in 1998-2005
Petchenko, Rostyslav ; Půlpán, Karel (advisor) ; Sojka, Milan (referee)
This thesis studies the process of transformation in Russia since 1998, when the Russian financial crisis emerged. It revealed weaknesses of the Russian economy and influenced the economic and political situation. Its occurrence was not an accident and had had its roots in the previous years. In this connection I introduce a short characterization of the period before the crisis. The first chapter contains the analysis of assumptions of the crisis and factors that induced it. The second chapter describes Putin's coming, his targets, changes in the political system and Russian economic trends of that period. In the third chapter I will look into the position of the state in the world economy, define briefly its relations with different international and regional organizations, eventually participation in them. Then I will interrogate the relationship between the Russian Federation and the European Union. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Lexicological view of the language of sport commentaries/Lexikologický pohled na jazyk sportovních komentátorů
MESZ, Marek
The diploma thesis deals with the speech of sport commentaries and expressions used by sport commentators during sport broadcast. The thesis focuses on the lexicological level of their speech. The theoretical part at first presents a short summary of language of sport journalism and then the major part of the theoretical part is dedicated to meaning. Several different approaches to meaning are presented in this part as well as definition of meaning itself. Theoretical part also defines semantic change and it focuses on polysemy and homonymy and their distinction. The practical part is dedicated to the occurrence of polysemous and homonymous words among arbitrary chosen sport terms. The diploma thesis should contribute to the further study of the language of sport commentaries. The thesis should also be useful for the scientific and public society and it should serve as a link between those two areas.
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