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Chemical constituents of stems and leaves of Vaccinium myrtillus
Hybelbauerová, Simona ; Koutek, Bohumír (advisor) ; Klinot, Jiří (referee) ; Potáček, Milan (referee) ; Šmidrkal, Jan (referee)
1. Introduction The study of natural compounds is a tÍaditional part of organic chemistry with rich history. The development of the isolation methods like chromatography and spectral methods enables studying of these compounds in viable organisms more in detail. The new techniques for very fast assesment ofbiological activity allow targeted searching for biological active compounds. The extract from plants is only roughly sepaÍated and the biological activity is meassured often against many viruses, microorganisms and types of cancer. The fractions with interesting results are searched further until the compounds responsible for the biological activity are found. Because of the high content of anthocyanines and flavonoids in fruits of Vaccinium myrtillus, there is a big interest in the study ofthese compounds and study of their effect on human health. The extracts not only from the fruits but also from the leaves are part of folk medicine and classic health care in treatment of the inflammatory diseases. The biological activity ofthe extracts is caused not only by flavonoids but also by isoprenoid compounds such as oleanolic acid, which is often talked about without any scientific proof. Publications involving natural compounds are usually only about one type of compounds - anthocyanines, flavonoids,...
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Aerosol Nanoparticles Formed during Plasma Deposition
Ždímal, Vladimír ; Moravec, Pavel ; Doležal, B. ; Brožek, Vlastimil ; Neufuss, Karel
Results of pilot-plant experiments on a plasmatron WSPR constructed at the Institute of IPP AS CR are shown in this paper, dealing with plasma deposition of the ultrafine and fine aerosol fractions of some metallic materials. In this work we concentrated on its side-product investigating the ultrafine particles released during the process into the aerosol phase. The aerosol particle size distribution was studied in a near real time using the state-of-the-art aerosol spectrometers operated by the ICPF AS CR. It was verified that these instruments are able to take aerosol samples in the close vicinity of a high-temperature plasma and still provide sensible results. In the present work we discussed the possibility to produce aerosol nanoparticles of a defined composition and properties by the plasmatron technique.
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Characterization of phosphatases in tobacco plants (Nicotiana tabacum L.)
Růžičková, Kateřina ; Ryšlavá, Helena (advisor) ; Tichá, Marie (referee)
Phosphateses (EC 3.1.3.x) are a group of enzymes that hydrolyze phosphoesters. That way they affect the energetic metabolism of a cell and its regulation. Phosphatases that dephosphorylate proteins are an integral part of signaling pathways, stress responses and they modulate enzymatic activity. This thesis deals with the study of phosphatases obtained from tobacco leaves (Nicotiana tabacum, L.). Solution of enzymes was prepared by extraction in both acidic and alkaline buffers. Through the use of the chromogenic substrate pNP-phosphate it was determined that there is a higher phosphatase activity in the glycosylated fraction than in the fraction that did not bind to Con A Sepharose. The research of the ions effect on the phosphatase activity has determined that Mg2+ and Ca2+ show positive effect on the phosphatase activity while the effect of Co2+ and Mn2+ is inhibitory. The Zn2+ ions have shown no effect whatsoever. The glycosylated phosphatases also dephosphorylated low-weight-molecular substrates phosphoserine, ATP and glucose-6-phosphate. The research of protein phosphatase activity discovered the affinity to the substrate phosvitin, although neither to casein nor its tryptic cleaves. Detailed experiments have shown that the pH optima for all the substrates lie from pH 5 to 6. Glycosylated phosphatases...
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Isolation and characterization of microsomal fraction of fungus Pleurotus ostreatus and its role in the degradation of 17α-ethinylestradiol
Valášková, Petra ; Černá, Věra (advisor) ; Hodek, Petr (referee)
A synthetic hormone 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2) which is a component of hormonal contraception pills has been identified as a main component of the endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDc). EDc are substances that mimic natural hormones in their action. Recently their amount especially in the groundwater and the surface water has been increased, which results in a negative impact on the hormonal system especially of aquatic organisms. Since it is not easy to replace these substances from the environment by conventional techniques other possibilities of their biodegradation are examined. White rot fungi, which are able to degrade lignin in nature, have promising biodegradation abilities towards many pollutants. These fungi contain a wide range of non-specific extracellular and intracellular enzymes that play an important role in the degradation. This bachelor thesis was targeted on the study of a white rot fungus, Pleurotus ostreatus, and especially on the degradation potential of its intracellular enzymes in the biodegradation of EE2. Initially, the ability of fungi Pleurotus ostreatus to degrade EE2 in vivo was tested. During the 48 hour incubation there was replaced 95,5 % of EE2. However, the role of cytochromes P450 (CYPs) in a metabolism of EE2 was not confirmed in this experiment by reason that an...
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Study of Interactions between API and Excipients in Solid Drug Formulation
Oktábec, Zbyněk ; Vinšová, Jarmila (advisor) ; Pekárek, Tomáš (referee)
CHARLES UNIVERSITY IN PRAGUE PHARMACEUTICAL FACULTY IN HRADEC KRÁLOVÉ DEPARTMENT OF ANORGANIC AND ORGANIC CHEMISTRY Rigorous Thesis Study of interactions between API and excipients in solid drug formulation Mgr. Zbyněk Oktábec A drug formulation usually consists of an active pharmaceutical ingredient(s) - API(s) - combined with excipients that have been added to the formulation: 1. to facilitate its preparation 2. to ensure the required stability of the drug in the formulation during the manufacturing process 3. during the storage 4. to function as a drug delivery system 5. many others The interactions in formulations can influence pharmaceutical and biopharmaceutical properties, such as physical and chemical stability, dissolution rate, and total bioavailability, of the final dosage form. This thesis dealt with the preparation of binary mixtures of API and excipients and their analyses. The preparation of binary mixtures was in correlation with formulation process. The following analyses proceeds by Fourier transform near-infrared spectroscopy (FT-NIR), which is a fast andnon-destructive analytical technique that offers many advantages for a broad range of applications. Main topic was to observe the possible interaction of API and excipients and/or to describe the polymorphism of the API,...
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Studium of the clinical impact of different forms of cardiac resynchronisation therapy by patients with chronic heart failure
Burianová, Lucie ; Kautzner, Josef (advisor) ; Janoušek, Jan (referee) ; Táborský, Miloš (referee)
Studium of the clinical impact of different forms of cardiac resynchronization therapy by patients with chronic heart failure MUDr. Lucie Burianová ABSTRACT: Introduction: Biventricular (BiV) pacing decreases mortality and improves quality of life of patients with severe heart failure. Haemodynamic and short time clinical studies suggest that isolated leftventricular pacing could have the same effect. Aims: Compare the effect of BiV and leftventricular pacing by subjects with dilated cardiomyopathy and severe heart failure with the attention to signs of dyssynchrony and remodelation of the left chamber. In methodical substudy compare the results of left chamber volumes and ejection fraction (EF LK) measured by CT angiography and 2-dimensional echocardiography with use of contrast agent (K-ECHO). Methods: Patients indicated for cardiac resynchronization therapy were randomized for either BiV or leftventricular pacing. After implantation of the device they were examinated clinically and by echocardiography every 3 months in the period of one year. Four years from the onset of the study the major adverse events in both groups were evaluated. The results of left chamber volumes and EF LK measured by K-ECHO and CT angiography were compared. Results: We enrolled 33 patients. We found clinical improvement in both...
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Isolation and characterisation of oviductal proteins involved in formation of sperm oviductal reservoir in cow
Kračmerová, Jana ; Liberda, Jiří (advisor) ; Postlerová, Pavla (referee)
The oviduct plays an important role in the complex process of fertilization and in the early phase of embryo development. Isolation and characterization of some components of bovine oviduct participating in the formation of oviductal sperm reservoir was a subject of the present study. Two affinity sorbents containing immobilized components of bull seminal plasma (non-separated proteins of bull seminal plasma and their phosphorylcholine binding fraction) were prepared and used for the study of interaction of immobilized ligands with components of oviductal epithelium. Two types of preparation of oviductal membrane proteins of the isthmus region were isolated: complete membrane proteins and the apical fraction of membrane proteins. These preparations were separated using prepared affinity matrices. in both cases only an insignificant amount of proteins was found in the adsorbed fractions. Further attention has been paid to the identification of four protein zones detected after electrophoretic separation in the presence of SDS (rel. mol. wt. 15 500 - 18 500) in the fraction of apical membrane proteins. These proteins were identified after the electrophoretic separation and tryptic digestion using MS analysis as bovine histones H4, H2A typ 2-C, H2B typ 1-K a H3.3. Proteins identified as bovine...
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Application of different fractionation techniques for structure determination of ICP
Dostálová, Dagmar ; Kratochvíla,, Jan (referee) ; Buráň,, Zdeněk (advisor)
Impact E/P copolymer (ICP) is produced using gas-phase polymerization catalysed by Ziegler-Natta catalysts. This material with its excellent mechanical properties is used in many industries, for example in automotive industry to produce bumpers or instrument panels. Its properties depend on chemical structure which was analysed using DSC, 13C NMR and GPC. It was used 6 different samples of ICP for studies, the chosen samples have different ratio between ethylene and propylene in their copolymer phase. The samples were fractionated using preparative TREF and solvent extraction to obtain fractions, which composition depends on elution temperature. Obtained fractions and original samples were subsequently analysed using above-mentioned methods.
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