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Quality assurance IMRT plans
LOŠKOVÁ, Michaela
We may regard the Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT) as a break-through and progress concerning the treatment of oncogenous diseases. In practice, this new method experienced an extensive development as early as at the end of 1990s. At the present time, the IMRT is a medical treatment used in an increasingly frequent manner. It concerns predominantly such oncogenous diseases, the treatment of which based on the above-mentioned method is applicable due to the localization of the disease. The IMRT enables a more effective distribution of a dose in the target volume than in case of the conventional radiotherapy. It is also possible to realize maximum treatment of the surrounding healthy tissues. For the purpose of clinical use of the IMRT, however, it is necessary to verify the correspondence between the dose planned and the dose actually realized in the target volume. From the large quantity of correspondence verification methods available, I decided to select the three following ones to be covered in this paper: - portal dosimetry method - measurement using special phantom - measurement using 2D filed of the Seven29 detectors. The goal of my work was to compare these three methods of verification of the IMRT plans and in addition, to verify the applicability of the 3% tolerance criterion for all the above-mentioned methods of verification. The portal dosimetry method is applicable for verification of fluency; it is fully sufficient and not time-consuming for the purpose of clinical use. The measurement using 2D field provides for sufficiently accurate information on a dose{\crq}s distribution in the modulated field, however, it is more time-consuming and the measuring device is not integrated in the system of the radiation apparatus. Verification using special phantom is considerably time-consuming and it provides for information on a dose{\crq}s distribution in a small quantity of points. The DD=3% criterion I selected is applicable to all three methods with the exception of areas with extensive modulation of the dose and areas on the verge of the field.
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Řízení IS/ICT se zaměřením na sourcing služeb informačního systému
Šebesta, Michal ; Voříšek, Jiří (advisor) ; Havlíček, Zdeněk (referee) ; Příklenk, Oldřich (referee) ; Král, Jaroslav (referee)
Research on outsourcing has been around for several decades, while recent evolution in the information systems discipline towards ICT service commoditization significantly changes the context of decision-making. Services that are available on-demand via the Internet allow organizations implementing functions they demand in a fraction of time. This trend represents a chance for organizations seeking to use advanced ICT services without a need of major investments. Problem is the current lack of guidelines and tools for managing ICT services and their outsourcing. Given the trends on the ICT service market, it is expected that much of the IT management in the future will encompass the ICT services and utilize service-level structures. Methods currently available are either too broad or encompass only small part of the whole problem. Ad-hoc or unsound decisions in this area might cause major complications in terms of quality, usability, integration, and consequently influence total cost of organizational IT. Organizations need to either revise existing models or propose and implement completely new models to manage their IS/ICT. This thesis deals with the management of IS/ICT with focus on the ICT services outsourcing. It discusses available sourcing models in the literature and links them to the various interconnected areas. Based on these areas, it presents an integrated view on IT outsourcing strategies. Most importantly the thesis proposes an original concept for decision-making about outsourcing of ICT services named the SOURCER framework. This approach utilizes the presented outsourcing strategies, and introduces a complex methodology and decision-making criteria that will assist organizations with selection of ICT services in order to maintain and manage a most suitable ICT service portfolio. The decision-making is based on four essential viewpoints: function, costs, time, and quality. These viewpoints are discussed, individually analyzed, and serve as a basis for further research. The whole framework is developed and validated according to Design Science Research Methodology (DSRM). Individual components are evaluated using a survey among a group of selected IT managers. Proof of concept is then established by a case study on framework use in a real organization. This case study covers strategy specification, business--IT alignment, specifying service architecture and its interconnections, outsourcing, and management of the ICT service portfolio.
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Verification of the application of psycho-diagnostic tool Hare Psychopathy Checklist. Contribution to typology of inmates
Johanidesová, Silvie ; Boukalová, Hedvika (referee) ; Urbanová, Miluše (advisor)
In the theoretical section of my graduation thesis I deal with the development of the penal system and the classification of inmates; I look at the personality of delinquent in respect of criminogenic factors (biological, social and psychological); further I outline a number of typologies of inmates focusing on the risk assessment and the most frequently used classificatory diagnostic tools in the USA, Canada, and the Great Britain. As the group of inmates with dissocial personality disorder is considered to be high-risk, its correct diagnostics is crucial. For this reason the aim of the empirical part of my graduation thesis is the verification of the applicability of the psycho-diagnostic tool Hare Psychopathy Checklist - Revised (PCL-R): 2nd edition. My research was conducted in Vinařice prison on the sample of 36 inmates that were presumed to suffer from dissocial personality disorder. In order to verify the applicability of PCL-R in our conditions, I have chosen for the comparison already verified method of Eyseneck's questionnaire PEN. The research results confirmed the alternative hypotheses. There was proved the statistically significant dependency between the values of the total score PCL-R and the subscales of psychoticism and criminality of the questionnaire PEN, but only on the low significance...
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Progress of the system of public health insurance and health insurance companies in the Czech Republic for the period 2000 - 2015
Pecková, Tereza ; Lukášová, Tereza (advisor) ; Bartůsková, Lucia (referee)
This bachelor´s thesis analyzes the basic funds of health insurance companies for the period 2000 - 2015 in the Czech Republic, especially the creation of resources and their use and the entire system of public health insurance in the Czech Republic. Basic funds are one of the components of the overall economy of health insurance companies. First it is necessary to describe the market of the insured. The insured create and use the finances within public health insurance. Also important are contributions from the state budget for those insured by the state. We can conclude that the cost of health insurance companies are rising and that population is aging in the Czech Republic. However, this is not a balanced linear growth. The number of pensioners grew at a slower rate of growth, but according to population development forecast, there should be faster growth in the number of pensioners in the following years. Significant growth in cost is particularly noticeable in the age category of 80 and above, and increasingly more people should live up to this blessed age, also thanks to modern public health.
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Use of Interest Rate Models for Interest Rate Risk Management in the Czech Financial Market Environment
Cíchová Králová, Dana ; Arlt, Josef (advisor) ; Cipra, Tomáš (referee) ; Witzany, Jiří (referee)
The main goal of this thesis is to suggest an appropriate approach to interest rate risk modeling in the Czech financial market environment in various situations. Three distinct periods are analyzed. These periods, which are the period before the global financial crisis, period during the financial crisis and in the aftermath of the global financial crisis and calming subsequent debt crisis in the eurozone, are characterized by different evaluation of liquidity and credit risk, different relationship between financial variables and market participants and different degree of market regulations. Within this goal, an application of the BGM model in the Czech financial market environment is crucial. Use of the BGM model for the purpose of predicting a dynamics of a yield curve is not very common. This is firstly due to the fact that primary use of this model is a valuation of interest rate derivatives while ensuring the absence of arbitrage and secondly its application is relatively difficult. Nevertheless, I apply the BGM model to obtain predictions of the probability distributions of interest rates in the Czech and eurozone market environment, because its complexity, direct modeling of a yield curve based on market rates and especially a possibility of parameter estimation based on current swaptions volatilities quotations may lead to a significant improvement of predictions. This improvement was also confirmed in this thesis. Use of swaptions volatilities market quotations is especially useful in the period of unprecedented mone- tary easing and increased number of central banks and other regulators interventions into financial markets that occur after the financial crisis, because it reflects current market expectations which also include future interventions. As a consequence of underdevelopment of the Czech financial market there are no market quotations of Czech koruna denominated swaptions volatilities. I suggest their approximations based on quotations of euro denominated swaptions volatilities and also using volatilities of koruna and euro forward rates. Use of this approach ensures that predictions of the Czech yield curve dynamics contain current market expectations. To my knowledge, any other author has not presented similar application of the BGM model in the Czech financial market environment. In this thesis I further predict a Czech and Euro area money market yield curve dynamics using the CIR and the GP models as representatives of various types of interest rates models to compare these predictions with BGM predictions. I suggest a comprehensive system of three criteria, based on comparison of predicti- ons with reality, to describe a predictive power of selected models and an appropria- teness of their use in the Czech market environment during different situations in the market. This analysis shows that predictions of the Czech money market yield curve dynamics based on the BGM model demonstrate high predictive power and the best 8 quality in comparison with other models. GP model also produces relatively good qua- lity predictions. Conversely, predictions based on the CIR model as a representative of short rate model family completely failed when describing reality. In a situation when the economy allows negative rates and there is simultaneously a significant likelihood of their implementation, I recommend to obtain predictions of Czech money market yield curve dynamics using GP model which allows existence of negative interest rates. This analysis also contains a statistical test for validating the predictive power of each model and information on other tests. Berkowitz test rejects a hypothesis of accurate predictions for each model. However, this fact is common in real data testing even when using relatively good model. This fact is especially caused by difficult fulfilment of test conditions in real world. To my knowledge, such an analysis of the predictive power of selected interest rate models moreover in the Czech financial market environment has not been published yet. The last goal of this thesis is to suggest an appropriate approach to obtaining pre- dictions of Czech government bonds risk premium dynamics. I define this risk premium as a difference between government bond yields and fixed rate of CZK IRS with the same length. I apply the GP model to describe the dynamics of this indicator of the Czech Republic credit risk. In order to obtain a time series of the risk premium which are necessary for estimation of GP model parameters I firstly estimate yield curves of Czech government bonds using Svensson model for each trading day since 2005. Resulting si- mulations of risk premium show that the GP model predicts the real development of risk premiums of all maturities relatively well. Hence, the proposed approach is suitable for modeling of Czech Republic credit risk based on the use of information extracted from financial markets. I have not registered proposed approach to risk premium modeling moreover in the Czech financial market environment in other publications.
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Multimedia communication
Vondra, Zdeněk ; Horný, Stanislav (advisor) ; Skrbek, Jan (referee) ; Jurášková, Olga (referee)
Multimedia is a form of communication and sharing knowledge using synergic effect of parallel connected communication channels. Its main use is in producing communications products and services and in design of user interfaces. Main objective of this dissertation is to develop and create a model of multimedia communication for better understanding of the meaning and the purpose of using multimedia forms in communication process. The model will describe a system of elements and parameters of multimedia communication within the internal and external context. Another objective of this dissertation is to develop multimedia communication methodology that will be used for the design, development and evaluations of concepts of multimedia communication. The methodology will be created by applying the model of multimedia communication into the procedure structure. In theoretical way this dissertation is based on analysis of different definitions and approaches to the multimedia communications topic. This is followed by an analysis of communication theories, concepts of media, multimedia, delivery channels, and communication functions. The theoretical part is followed by the outcomes of the research in practice of four different fields of multimedia use. The knowledge gained is analyzed in the following parts in purpose of creating the model of multimedia communication and the methodology which is derived from the model. The methodology is further validated through case studies and the recommendations for further development are formulated. The model and the methodology of multimedia communication created in this dissertation present complex view on multimedia communication topic that is considered as a useful tool for meeting a specific communication purpose. Dissertation provides mechanics for use and study of multimedia communication and also defines the opportunities for further development of the methodology.
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Expected development of Business Intelligence applications in the coming years
Aschmann, Jakub ; Pour, Jan (advisor) ; Fortinová, Jana (referee)
This thesis focuses on the development of Business Intelligence applications. The main area is the potential development in the coming years, history of business intelligence and individual components. To acquire the necessary knowledge, I studied educational materials and electronic publications. In Chapter 3 I focus on the definition of BI, in the following chapter I analyse individual components and the last chapter is dedicated to the development in the future. This thesis will provide comprehensive knowledge and trends in business intelligence to readers who are interested in this area and are looking for complex information.
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The development of sentence complexity in academic written English (1904-2005): a syntactic study
Malá, Marcela ; Dušková, Libuše (advisor) ; Ježková, Šárka (referee) ; Klégr, Aleš (referee)
This study focuses on concrete evidence of changes in the syntactic structure of sentences and sentence complexity over a period of about a century. It analyses academic texts from the fields of psychology and economics. The analysis is based on explicitly expressed primary (finite) and secondary (non-finite) predications which are categorised as main clauses and finite and non-finite subordinate clauses. According to the syntactic functions of subordinate clauses in sentences four syntactic categories are considered: 1) clauses substituting for a noun phrase slot, 2) clauses substituting for an adverbial element slot, 3) clauses contributing to the complexity of noun phrases in the form of premodification or postmodification and 4) comment clauses. The findings indicate that current academic prose is less complex and more impersonal than a hundred years ago and shows a tendency towards a non-finite mode of expression. Finite clauses substituting for clause elements normally expressed by noun phrases are the only syntactic function of finite clauses in which the percentage of clauses in the modern texts increased. Non-finite clauses are used not only instead of hypotactically but also paratactically linked clauses and contribute to the structural compactness of an English sentence. The study lists the most...
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Universality in Amorphous Computing
Petrů, Lukáš ; Wiedermann, Jiří (advisor) ; Janeček, Jan (referee) ; Neruda, Roman (referee)
Amorphous computer is a theoretical computing model consisting of randomly located tiny devices (called nodes) in some target area. The nodes of an amorphous computer can communicate using short-range radio. The communication radius is small compared to the size of the target area. The nodes are all identical, initially have no identi ers, work asynchronously and there is no standard communication protocol. An amorphous computer must work for any number of nodes under reasonable statistical assumptions concerning the spatial distribution of nodes. Moreover, the computation should use very limited amount of memory on each node. For the just described concept of amorphous computer we investigate the question whether a universal computation is possible at all in a corresponding theoretical model. To answer this question, several subsequent steps are performed. In the rst step, we design a formal minimalist model of a node and of the amorphous computer as a whole. In the second step, we develop communication protocol for the amorphous computer. In the last step, we show the universality by simulating a computation of a universal machine. The size of the amorphous computer will depend on the space complexity of the simulated machine. All the previously mentioned steps are described in detail in this work....
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Aesthetic standards in art education
Podlipský, Rudolf ; Slavík, Jan (advisor) ; Janík, Tomáš (referee) ; Hazuková, Helena (referee)
In this thesis paper, application of aesthetic norms in visual art education has been studied from the explanatory point of view of structuralism (with an emphasis on Czech Structuralism). The study has been carried out as a qualitative research focused on didactic analysis of teaching processes. The aim has been to find out the extent of impact aesthetic norms may have on visual art education teaching process; to examine ways of handling aesthetic norms by teachers during the lessons; as well as to verify or newly develop a fundamental conceptual apparatus enabling to handle the aesthetic norms issue within visual art education lessons in a material way. The study is grounded in records of standard teaching units (written records of lesson observations; videotaping). In his study, the author applies the concept analysis method - a methodological means for didactic reflection and evaluation of teaching based on creative tasks and activity approach. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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