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Contemporary Social Contract Theories
Froněk, Martin ; Wintr, Jan (advisor) ; Kysela, Jan (referee)
Contemporary Social Contract Theories The thesis is intended to be an introduction into contemporary social contract theories. John Rawls' book A Theory of Justice is a seminal work in this field. The thesis, however, does focus not only on the approach adopted by Rawls, but on the theories of other authors as well - that of J. Buchanan, D. Gauthier, T. Scanlon and R. Nozick. These remain quite unknown in the Czech context. The structure of the thesis should allow for a comparison between the respective theories as the author starts with the object of the social contract, proceeds to the parties of the contract and, finally, to its content. Special attention is devoted to the game theory which models some of the typical interpersonal interactions and, using its theoretical apparatus, can illustrate problems of social cooperation - the key theme of virtually all social contract theories. Eventually, the author tries to outline the way analytic philosophy views the social contract. In its eyes, the social contract is a necessary implication of the existence of language.
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Rawls's Conception of Justice and His Critic F. A. von Hayek
Polenová, Monika ; Blažková, Miloslava (advisor) ; Hauser, Michael (referee)
The work focuses on analyzing the concept of justice as fairness in the political and moral philosophy. Mapping the development of opinion on the fairness of the ancient world, which will deal mainly with access to justice in Platon and Aristoteles. Particular attention will be paid to the concept of justice in the social contract T. Hobbes, J. Locke, J. J. Rousseau and I. Kant. The core work will consist of an analysis of John Rawls's theory of justice as fairness and approach to social justice by Friedrich August von Hayek. Keywords: theory of justice, social contract, social fairness, civil society, morality
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The Concept of Autonomy : (conditions of modern subjectivity and historicity of the concept of law)
Janoščík, Václav ; Kühn, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Maršálek, Pavel (referee)
of the diploma thesis Janoščík Václav The Concept of Autonomy (Conditions of modern subjectivity, of the concept of law and of historicity) Submitted thesis aims at articulation of the concept of autonomy in its complexity. At first it pursues specific contexts of the notion to arrive at its structure. At first we try to explore prospective of analytical philosophy of law to situate the concept of autonomy to the heart of the idea of law. This efforts unfolds itself by an unorthodox interpretation of natural right theory of Herbert Hart's early work. Second chapter discusses the framework of the philosophy of history, that are based on the idea of an autonomous subject. Seemingly paradoxical linkage of Heidegger's fundamental ontology and Kosík's dialectics of the particular articulates the historical function of the autonomy. Next chapter connects Kosík with Cornelius Castoriadis in the perspective of social theories. Also in their normative core we can identify our notion of autonomy. Fourth chapter follows the theory of disenchantment of the world of Marcel Gauchet. We reformulate it as a realization of the ideal of autonomous subject in order to contextualize the concept historically. Last topic of the first part is the framework of the intellectual history. Here we situate Dieter Henrich and...
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The Principles of Francisco Suarez's Political Power: Suarez's consent in the context of the theory of the social contract developing from 16th until 18th century
Koblížek, Jan ; Sousedík, Stanislav (advisor) ; Svoboda, David (referee) ; Altrichter, Michal (referee)
The Abstract The meaning of this dissertation thesis is to find out whether we can regard Francisco Suárez as a representative of the social-contracting theories developing in the period from 16th until 18th century. Suárez, who is more likely known for his metaphysical disputations, gives a really sophisticated formulation about the origin of the common society and the political power, where the key point is the word of the social consent. At the first time it seems that Suárez can be without difficulty considered as a modern period humanist like Thomas Hobbes, John Locke or lately Jean-Jacques Rousseau. As well as they, Suárez thinks that the independent human will has its unsubstitutable part in the origin of the political society. Nevertheless there is a large difference. While according to the mentioned humanists, the independent will is the only principle of the political power, Suárez thinks that this will is just the necessary condition meeting the human nature created by the God, that it is the true principle of the whole political power. Suarez's meaning of the social consent is then situated in the theological framework and is closely associated with the words of the nature and the transcendence. The result is that Suárez understands the state as a natural and moral organization and not as a...
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Camparison of social contract of Thomas Hobbes and John Locke
Veselý, Tomáš ; Kučera, Rudolf (advisor) ; Franěk, Jakub (referee)
This thesis deals with the theory of social contract, specifically the concepts of the social contract of two great English philosophers of 17th century, Thomas Hobbes and John Locke. The theory of social contract is one of the most important paradigms of Western civilization, which explains the origin and functioning of the state. Thomas Hobbes and John Locke are among the first thinkers who come up with a coherent theory of social contract. The first goal is to introduce concept of the social contract of the authors. What are their assumptions? What is the situation of society before the conclusion of contract? How is the social contract concluded and how terminated? Which form of the state do they prefer and why? What is their's conception of state power? What are the rights and obligations of the citizens and sovereign in state? How were they influenced by the political situation they lived in. The second goal is a comparison of their theories. A lot of apects of their theories are similar. On the other hand many aspects are very different. The work is divided into three main sections supplemented by a brief introduction and conclusion. The first two parts deal with each one of philosophers. The third part contains the actual comparison. Thomas Hobbes and John Locke are undoubtedly ones of the most...
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Rousseau and his Influence on the French Revolution
Pravda, Petr ; Znoj, Milan (advisor) ; Šimsa, Martin (referee)
The "rigorózní" thesis focuses on the evaluation of Rousseau's legacy. It is based on the confrontation of two adverse pictures of his ideas. The first image sees Rousseau as a thinker who prepared with his original concepts fertile ground for diverse undemocratic regimes and ideologies. These always declare their allegiance to the loftiest ideals but only to perpetrate the biggest crimes and to deprive people of their liberty. The second image sees in Rousseau an uncompromising critic of social injustice who saw the only possibility for redemption in liberty and equality. In this case he was one of the most important thinkers who inspired people on the road to the victory of democracy and an author whose original ideas still keep to inspire and to fascinate. I argue in favor of the second picture. Rousseau's critique of the moral crisis is based on the disunity of modern social man. This disunity stems from the incessant conflict between our natural nature and the social state. Rousseau saw the only solution in the adaptation of the original nature to the new social state. This can be achieved only through an affective bond to a political whole. Just so can man keep his liberty which represents the basic value of his existence. In society it is no more a case of absolute freedom but of conscious obedience...
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Democratic legitimacy of politics: competence to suffrage and logic of election
Vorlíček, Jan ; Buben, Radek (advisor) ; Znoj, Milan (referee)
The aim of this study is to analyze legitimacy of policy. Its fulfillment should emerge from detailed inquiry of the essential sense of social institutions. The work is divided into three chapters therefore. The first chapter deals with law as a basic system of order of social relations. It explains its fundamental social goal (reducing transaction costs of social action) and its influence on the development of civilization. It discusses in detail the property rights as a fundament of any real legal system - both at the legal level and economic level (i.e. how the system of property rights coordinates social activities and allocates scarce resources, how it creates the elite, and when there is a fault efficiency of this process). The second chapter deals with the social obligations which are necessary condition for preservation of law. These obligations are labeled as taxes (as opposed to tributes that basis is not in the obligation to maintain the legal system and are only ransom inherently). Particular attention is paid to the fair distribution of these obligations (tax justice) and also to the impact of taxation on the development of civilization. The last (third) chapter deals with institutional framework of society, i.e. the exercise of public power and public administration (government...
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Založení komanditní společnosti
Plecitá, Veronika
The Establishment of limited partnership. Bachelor thesis. Brno: Mendel University, 2016. This bachelor thesis covers the topic of limited partnership formation. Theoretical part introduces and analyses current regulation and deals with description of lim-ited partnership. Practical part includes guide to forming a limited partnership by juridical and natural person.
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Založenie komanditnej spoločnosti
Mišurdová, Viera
This bachelor thesis is focused on the issue partnerships, focusing specifically limited partnership. The work contains rules partnerships. It is also shown that the exact procedure of setting up the firm with all requirements and associated costs. The outcome of evaluating the advantages and disadvantages of limited partnerships.
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Foundation and origin of limited company according to Act No. 90/2012 Coll.
KOTRBA, Jaroslav
In my bachelor thesis is described the procedure of foundation and formation of the limited liability company in the context of legislation changes after 2014. The target is to analyze qualities of the limited liability company in comparison of present and former legislation valid to the end of 2013. The theoretical part of my bachelor thesis deals with general procedure of foundation and formation of the limited liability company considering both legislation changes. The practical part is focused on specific foundation and formation of the limited liability company, considering duties to the public authorities. My proposals to the legislation changes (de lege ferenda) are mentioned in the end of the practical part.
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