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Experimental education in first Czechoslovak republic. At the example of schools in Michle, Nusle, Hostivař
Svobodová, Veronika ; Hnilica, Jiří (advisor) ; Pokorný, Jiří (referee)
The topic of my thesis is experimental schools in Prague Michle, Nusle and Hostivař. It tries to shed light on the circumstances of the birth and end of these schools and to determine their characteristic features. Emphasis is put on the social aspect of experimentation and its close relation to the environment of the First Czechoslovak Republic. Inspiration by modern pedagogical theories is taken into account. The thesis traces the lives of several teachers. As sources were used not only archives but also a series of interviews with graduates of these schools. It aims, on the basis of a comparison of written and oral sources, to give a complex image of experimental education in Czechoslovakia at the time of the First Republic and the Protectorate. Last but not least it tries to answer the question whether experimental schools can contribute to today's education. Keywords: experimental schools, Dalton plan, pragmatism, globalisation, individualisation, differentiation, social studies, coeducation
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Social and cultural interpretations of photography
Makovcová, Hana ; Balon, Jan (advisor) ; Kotík, Michal (referee)
The bachelor's paper Social and Cultural Interpretation of Photography is concerned with social aspects of photography, primarily the way photographs are read, their relation to the social sciences, and the transformation of their functions, from their development to the present time, primarily in relation to the individual concept of the photograph. The text briefly outlines the definition of a photograph as a technical image and the related act of photography, and introduces us to the possibilities of its social examination through visual sociology via visual social facts. It shows photography to be a form of social ritual, a tool for preserving the present and a confirmation of an event, as well as a means of power. It presents the impact of technical reproduction on the mass dissemination of images and the related changes in the relationship to images. It shows the transformation of analogue photographs archived in family albums as a means of preserving family memory and biography, to digital photography that assumes a new role of self-presentation, primarily thanks to the new way of archiving in the virtual environment of social networks, thereby presenting a related theory of individualization.
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Gifted children at the elementary alternative schools
Kulhavá, Markéta ; Krčmářová, Tereza (advisor) ; Mazáčová, Nataša (referee)
Key words: gift, talent, individual access, alternative schools, inovate schools. This graduation these is focused on question of suitability to situate the gifted children into the alternative schools. In the theoretical part will be defined the concept gifted child and will be analysed the principles of chosen alternative schools. In the end of the theoretical part of theses will be evaluated how the alternative schools can be usefull for gifted children. In the experimental part will be confronted theoretical informations with reality. I try aswer the question if and which way is realized the care of these children in reality of the chosen types of the alternative schools. The research for this graduation theses will use an analyse of documents, an observation and a dialog. The elementary basis of theses is supposition that the schools of the alternative types like the schools with the edge for a respect to a child and its individual needs are potencional suitable for the extra gifted children.
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Little pieces of freedom. Individualization and Commodification in Hardcore-punk Subculture
Kumová, Petra ; Novák, Arnošt (advisor) ; Slačálek, Ondřej (referee)
The thesis is focused on the DIY principle that can be a catalyst for collectives and individuals aiming to emancipate (consciously or unconsciously) from individualization and commodification that is symptomatic for today's society. This principle is adopted by various subcultures, but I am focused particularly on the hardcore-punk subculture (or precisely said - counterculture), which ideology is based on the idea of non-consumer society emancipated from values, norms and rules, that are being introduced to us by the mainstream society and its power structures. The analytical part of the thesis is focused on particular individuals and collectives, their activities, motivation, as well as the internal functioning of collectives. A combination of methods of qualitative research, especially participant observation and semi- structured interviews, were used for data collection. Data was analyzed using open coding. The collectives show better ability to resist commodification based on long-term practices commonly used in hc-punk to resist to the process of individualization. Their ability to create communities and collective activities is limited. Key words individualization, commodification, hardcore-punk subculture, diy principle, colectives, anarchism
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Individualization in pre-school and elementary education
Šebestová, Milena ; Kasíková, Hana (advisor) ; Běhalová, Andrea (referee)
The diploma thesis "Individualization in Preschool and Elementary Education" deals with an individualized education of preschoolers and children at the primary school stage. It is a case study with direct observation, interviews and studying the relevant documents qualitatively examines in detail the individualization in a particular educational institution in order to gain insight into its real individualized learning using representative sample to clarify its meaning. The thesis has both theoretical and practical forms and is aimed at studying the possibility of the individualized learning. It analyzes a specific way of teachers' pedagogical work with preschool children and school children in primary education. The first chapter of the theoretical part is based on knowledge drawn from several information sources about the individualization as an organizational form of education and also on synthesis of findings from several pedagogical and psychological disciplines influencing individualized learning; the second chapter describes the basic terms, principles, types, systems and special organizations of individualized educational work. The first chapter of the practical part is based on the direct observation and exploration of individualization in the selected educational institution in order to...
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Individualization in providing diets in homes for the elderly
Pechušková, Pavlína ; Havrdová, Zuzana (advisor) ; Procházková, Martina (referee)
Diploma thesis is focused on the individualization in providing diets in three homes for the elderly in the South Bohemian region. The main goal of the qualitative research was to uncover what the options of the homes in providing the diets are, where the boundaries and the limits of the individualized care are and what the clients' attitude toward individualization is. Results of the research show that the homes for the elderly can accommodate just to the basic requirements of the client, such as replacing unpopular dish or side dish for another one. Medical restrictions of the clients in preparation and serving their food are taken into account. The homes don't have the capacity for greater individualization. Another problem is the lack of staff. The homes are limited by legislation rather than by their financial budget. Clients' conservative and conformal attitudes are not empowering managers to expand some options or to change the system. The concept of the individualization is interpreted by the homes for the elderly in different ways. In practice, they rather just try to individualize the diets, than truly doing it. It turned out that individualization is a complex phenomenon and the extend of its fulfillment depends mainly on organizations' overall approach to the clients and on the clients'...
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Teacher's experience with individualized teaching in distance education
Patta, Emil ; Krčmářová, Tereza (advisor) ; Poche Kargerová, Jana (referee)
In a time of emergency measures due to the coronavirus pandemic, teachers have been forced to transition into distance education without prior experience and training, thus facing a significant professional challenge. Every teacher has dealt with this change differently and was given the opportunity to reflect their own teaching approach. The main aim of this thesis is to describe how distance education has transformed the approach of various types of teachers to the individual needs of students, in other words, to individualized teaching. In the theoretical part, selected approaches to the typology of teachers and their teaching styles will be described, using available professional publications. The importance of individualization as one of the key principles of current education will be justified. The ways in which a primary school teacher can respond to the individual needs of pupils in teaching will be summarized. The characteristic features of distance education, its advantages and limits will be described. In the practical part of the thesis, teacher's approaches to individualization in in- person and distance education will be mapped through qualitative research, in the form of a questionnaire and in-depth interviews. Key words individualization, distance education, primary school teacher,...
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Cooperation and engagement of pupils in centres of activities in the Step by Step program
Havlíková, Andrea ; Poche Kargerová, Jana (advisor) ; Vallin, Petra (referee)
HAVLÍKOVÁ, Andrea. Cooperation and engagement of pupils in centres of activities in the Step by Step program. [Diploma Thesis]. Charles University in Prague. Prague : 2019. 107 pages. The aim of the thesis was to theoretically elaborate and practically solve the problems of cooperation and involvement of pupils in the centres of activities within the Step by Step program. Several methods were used to process this thesis. In the theoretical part, an overview of relevant information related to the topic was carried out on the basis of a search and by using a description method. The practical part was based on action research, which was carried out in the class of the author. The research was carried out as an unstructured observation and experiment, the outcomes were in the form of reflections. Based on reflections the centres of activities in the monitored class were improved, especially in the area of pupils' involvement and cooperation. Improved centres of activities based on the reflection of the original centres of activities have certainly led to improvements in the involvement and cooperation of pupils in the studied classroom. Guidelines for improvement were drawn both from theoretical knowledge and from the author's own practical experience. KEY WORDS Step by step, centres of activities,...
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