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Use of Mixed-Member Electoral Systems: Examples of Bolivia, Germany, New Zealand
Hoferek, Jan ; Höfer, Karel (advisor) ; Švec, Kamil (referee)
The aim of this Bachelor's thesis is to analyse and compare mixed-member electoral systems and their consequences in cases of Bolivia, Germany and New Zealand. The text is divided into three chapters. The first chapter introduces mixed-member electoral systems in general, existing research in this area, main variables of mixed-member electoral systems, and their key typologies by Massicote & Blaise and Shugart & Wattenberg. In the second chapter, causes of electoral reforms, their circumstances, main actors and their preferences are analysed. The description of individual cases is followed by cross-comparison. The final chapter concerns itself with the consequences of electoral reforms and their influence on party and political systems, as well as with changes in the candidate selection process or their individual characteristics. The description is also followed by comparison among researched countries. The main focus of this comparison is on selected characteristics of political systems: volatility, voter turnout, disproportionality and effective number of parliamentary parties. These are calculated with established statistical tools: Gallagher index, Pedersen index and Laakso-Taagepera index.
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Protection of personal rights in continental system and common law
Ondřejová, Eva ; Švestka, Jiří (advisor) ; Elischer, David (referee) ; Vychopeň, Martin (referee)
With the increased global infringement of personal rights, it is necessary to be aware of the protection in the different legal systems, especially Anglo-American. Even if the consequences are to be felt in the domestic legal order, the enforceability is recognized under the foreign legal order. The protection is worldwide and through the case law from the European Court of Human Rights the two legal systems - Common law and the Civil Law are penetrating the legislation and the case law in respect of the institute of the protection of personal rights. The doctorate thesis presents the complex introduction to the area of protection of personal rights in the Common law, especially in English law, Commonwealth countries and USA that has not been presented yet for the Czech legal professionals. The thesis explains theoretical concept of the Common law and its background for the purpose of explanation of differences of examined legal orders. The institute is explained on the key historical case law that led to establish the Common law principles. The thesis uses the current and topical legal cases and problems that the orders face in the 21st Century.
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A teacher's vocational load in variant cultures
Svobodová, Michaela ; Štětovská, Iva (advisor) ; Čáp, David (referee)
This thesis is dealing with workload that teachers face in their profession, and focuses on secondary school teachers in the Czech Republic and New Zealand. The theoretical part presents topics of secondary school, culture, load and teacher workload based on available scientific Czech and foreign sources. This part discusses both theoretical principles and research done in these fields. The empirical part proposes a research project on appreciation of secondary school teachers in the Czech Republic and New Zealand. This project focuses on appreciation by students' parents and therefore seeks to explore one of the factors responsible for teacher workload. The aim of this thesis is to present the issue of teacher vocational load (or workload) and to offer an intercultural perspective that could be useful in this field. Keywords: Workload, teacher, secondary school, culture, New Zealand
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No Way, You Will Not Make Australia Home! Comparative analysis of immigration policies: case of Australia and New Zealand
Mocková, Eliška ; Kofroň, Jan (advisor) ; Brunclík, Miloš (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to discover cause or causes of different approach toward immigrants between Australia and New Zealand. The timeframe is set between 2001 and 2015 and is occasionally exceeded. Theory of scapegoating was applied and the scapegoat mechanism was expected to be launched by changes in economic situation. This theory is based on the assumption that society during times of hardship tends to search for so-called scapegoat. Those are usually groups unable to defend themselves. Blame for variety of actual as well as alleged problems is shifted by society towards them. The purpose of this behaviour is to relieve the accumulated frustration/aggression and simultaneously keep semblance of moral value. The other motivation is desire to increase power at the expanse of the group(s). Immigrants are naturally ideal targets for scapegoating, because of their vulnerability and distinctness from majority population. The conducted research found out that this mechanism is often applied to immigration in Australia and influences the immigration policy of the country. This prevailingly does not apply to New Zealand. Its immigration policy is motivated rationally on the basis of costs and benefits. Nevertheless, the economic situation did not prove to be a trigger of the scapegoat mechanism in...
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Comparison of immigrant integration policies in Australia and New Zealand
Svetlíková, Monika ; Šánová, Lucie (advisor) ; Bernard Thompson Mikes, Antonin (referee)
The Master's thesis Comparison of immigrant integration policies in Australia and New Zealand aims to analyse and compare institutional framework and official state policies of Australia and New Zealand towards immigrants with focus on the post 1945 period. Second, it offers a comparison of the objectives of these policies versus the outcomes/practices. Last but not least, it looks at the policies of both Pacific countries in the context of the 'clash of multiculturalism' debates. It is divided into three major parts. The first one serves as an introduction of the topics and consists also of the clarification of the theoretical concepts utilized as well as it offer the explanation of the methodology. Second part includes the case studies of immigration Australia and New Zealand, respectively. The third and last part provides the comparison of both cases and additional findings and notes related to the topic. Keywords Immigration policies, integration policies, assimilation, multiculturalism, indigenous population, Australia, New Zealand
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Native Art as a Source of Cultural Memory. Case Study of Māori Toi moko
Vacková, Kateřina ; Rychlík, Martin (advisor) ; Soukup, Martin (referee)
This thesis deals with the repatriation of Toi moko (tattooed, preserved heads of Māori or Moriori origins) from overseas institutions back to the country of their origin, New Zealand. Toi moko are considered to be not only human remains but also cultural artefacts, pieces of native art, which are important for cultural reproduction. The significance of Toi moko for Māori culture is explained in accordance with Cultural Memory theory introduced to Social Sciences by the German cultural scientists and Egyptologist Jan Assmann. The aim of this work is to provide a comprehensive framework for understanding the meaning of Toi moko in Māori society, to summarise its historical development, and to reflect the recent efforts of Karanga Aotearoa Repatriation Programme that is undertaken by the Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa and funded by New Zealand Government. Key Words cultural memory, cultural identity, culture, ethics, Karanga Aotearoa Repatriation Programme, Māori, native art, New Zealand, tattoo, Toi moko
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Australia and New Zealand within ANZUS
Šestáková, Michaela ; Karásek, Tomáš (advisor) ; Bernard Thompson Mikes, Antonin (referee)
This thesis deals primarily with Australia and New Zealand within ANZUS. Using theoretical concept intra-alliance opposition, more precisely opposition for autonomy it compares factors which influenced different behavior of the members. New Zealand occupied opposition for autonomy against U. S. in 1980s, while Australia remained in conformal relationship guaranteeing security benefits. Factors, which could influence members, given by this thesis are foreign-policy, domestic-policy and system factors. Thesis examines evolution of member's bilateral relations with U. S. from mid 1980s and presents contemporary cooperation frame.
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Reporting across the hemispheres: conceptual comparison of the most viewed newscasts in the Czech republic and New Zealand
Paráčková, Markéta ; Němcová Tejkalová, Alice (advisor) ; Trampota, Tomáš (referee)
Master thesis "Reporting across the Hemispheres: Conceptual Comparison of the Most Viewed Newscasts in the Czech Republic and New Zealand" describes contemporary valid and frequently used concepts of television news shows of the most viewed newscasts in the Czech Republic and New Zealand, which are Televizní noviny airing on TV Nova and One News airing on TV One. It compares both technical and especially the content-related aspects of newscasts during a one-month-long period (January 2014) in order to find general scheme for the choice of the topics, their processing, arrangement and their final presentation in each show. The thesis then puts ascertained findings into the broader national, historical and cultural context of the media sphere in both countries and furthermore, it compares both media systems and their newscast contents and explains why some factors used in them are the same and other differs.
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Analysis of the impact of ageing on health care spending in selected countries of the Commonwealth
Konířová, Kristýna ; Hulíková Tesárková, Klára (advisor) ; Kraus, Jaroslav (referee)
Analysis of the impact of ageing on health care spending in selected countries of the Commonwealth Abstract This thesis examines and analyses development of population ageing in Australia, Canada and New Zealand and especially its impact on the spending in the sector of health care. It includes comparison of demographic trends and description of health care systems in selected countries. The analysis is then processed by an econometric model focused on the impact of population ageing on government spending and spending of the private sector on health care through life expectancy at birth, ratio of population aged 65 years and above and other indicators. The modelling is carried out using linear regression, vector autoregression and fixed effects model in panel data. The results show that population ageing indeed affects through different intensity both government and private sector spending on health care in Australia, Canada and New Zealand.
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Mixed member proportional representation in New Zealand
Trávníček, Matěj ; Mlejnek, Josef (referee) ; Šedo, Jakub (referee)
The thesis is about New Zealand House of Representatives electoral system. In introductory part is briefly presented the political system of New Zealand. Then is currently used electoral system, its genesis and impacts of transition from the first past the post to mixed member proportional system researched. Thesis is in its effort focusing on segments of electoral system and trying to identify its problematic points and to introduce alternative electoral system proposed to the electors in referenda. The thesis is using the electoral studies methods, especially quantitative measuring of attributes of electoral system and party structure within the House of Representatives. Implementation of mixed member proportional electoral system returned New Zealand towards highly proportional electoral results and raised the number of relevant political parties and thus created the praxis of coalition and minority cabinets. Transition to mixed member proportional electoral system, which occurred as a result of referenda, also helped to solve a certain crisis of polity perception connected to first past the post system, which was that time in use. In New Zealand there is currently a high emphasis on expertise and public involvement in the matters of electoral system and contrary only a small part is played by political...
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