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Genre and Thematic Specification of Russian Prose of the Nineties of the 20th Century
Kastnerová, Erika ; Ulbrechtová, Helena (advisor) ; Chlaňová, Tereza (referee)
The desintegration of the USSR, the resulting release of censorship, and the related publication of earlier prohibited texts, as well as the new charakter of the book market entirely tranformed the shape of the literary field of the nineties. This thesis concerns itself with a specific segment of the professional literary production of this period. With its topic, this work aspires to contribute to the serious research of the little explored postcommunist period in the Russian literature. In order to assess and interpret the evolution of opininions in this period of time, the chosen method is the one of commented overview of literary criticism and of literary-theoretical texts published mainly between 1986 and 2000 in Russian publications (mostly in so-called "thick magazines"). The thesis focuses on studies interested in the work of the middle and younger generation of the Russian prose writers, and more precisely on studies concerning the structural aspects of the literary situation in the nineties. On the background of the specific cultural and social situation, the method of the ample commentary is an appropriate way regarding how to interpret the literary theorists' basis of thoughts and opinions, and at the same time how to affect these experts' relationship to the new tendencies in the...
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Henri Bergson's ethics
Čurda, Vojtěch ; Blažková, Miloslava (advisor) ; Hauser, Michael (referee)
In this thesis, we analyze ethical system of 19th century French philosopher Henry Bergson. In a beginning of thesis, we research philosophic context of 19th century. We analyze Bergson's philosophy in his works (Time and Free Will, Thought and Motion) with emphasis on ethical problem, which is solved in this works. Main part of this thesis analyzes his ethic work The Two Sources of Morality and Religion. Here we also analyze his method for solving religious and sociologic questions.
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Impact of Emerson's Transcendentalism on the Development of the New Age Movement . An Inquiry into Parallels as a Way to Determine the Influence
Rabochová, Pavlína ; Ženíšek, Jakub (advisor) ; Grmela, Josef (referee)
This thesis provides details about historical background of American Transcendentalism, a theological, philosophical and literary tradition of the first half of the nineteenth century in United States and of New Age religion originating roughly at the turn of the same century and maturing in the 1970's in a form of the New Age movement. The work focuses on the influence of American Transcendentalism as one of the shaping factors, which contributed to the emergence of New Age. The attention is placed primarily on the work of Ralph Waldo Emerson. Through a detailed analysis of selected Emerson's essays parallels are drawn between the beliefs held by the Transcendentalists, mainly Emerson, and general beliefs shared with the New Age community. Following the historical development of both traditions, we discover the point of convergence, namely the New Thought movement originating in the second half of the nineteenth century.
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International Trade in Endangered Wildlife (including derivatives)
Bartůňková, Lenka ; Kašpar, Václav (advisor) ; Vošta, Milan (referee)
In the course of the 20th century the un-sustainability of international wildlife trade became apparent. European countries play a major role in wildlife trade. One third of total wildlife imports is destined to the EU which makes EU responsible for the protection of world wildlife and should motivate the EU to be a model in biodiversity protection. Regulation of wildlife trade in the EU is discussed in chapter 1. Trade in wildlife and its derivatives is among the most profitable branches of the international trade. Animals are traded in different forms. Birds are usually traded live (for the pet trade), mammals are traded for their fur, butterflies for their bodies, reptiles for their skins, the highest value is attained by trade in fish. In some categories (live birds, caviar) EU imports more than the rest of the world combined. The EU plays a major role as an importer in other categories as well. The magnitude, value and trends of international wildlife trade are discussed in chapter 2. Profitability of the wildlife trade, strong demand for some products and imperfect implementation of CITES result in the development of illegal trade. Illegal wildlife trade is dominated by organized criminal groups that also deal in drugs and human trafficking. Illegal wildlife trade is linked to severe risks and dangers to both the source country and the recipient. More on illegal wildlife trade in chapter 3. EU imports one third of all legally exported wildlife products. It is also the importer of a majority of illegal wildlife products. Having one of the highest standards of living and seeing that the care of environment cannot be limited by political borders, the author of this thesis concludes that it is logical and imperative that the EU engages in improvement of wildlife protection in less developed countries of the world. The last chapter deals with conservation of Cameroonian Dja Biosphere Reserve and with the attempt of large EU's environmental programs to improve conservation in Cameroon.
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Changing perceptions of waqf in the Egyptian society (1805-1953)
Melčák, Miroslav ; Veselý, Rudolf (advisor) ; Kropáček, Luboš (referee) ; Mendel, Miloš (referee)
Waqf (pI. 'awqi() emerged in the first century after the birth of Islam, and spread to the whole of the Middle East to become one of the most distinctive features of its societies. Although waqfs played many different socio-economic roles, their significance has up to now usually been described by means of the dichotomic concept distinguishing between waqf chayri (charitable endowment) and waqf 'ahli (family endowment), the first having been established as a kind of charity to provide free social services to the population (mainly mosques and madrasas), the latter as a tool for evading inheritance rules (ilm al-jarii'i), which, if applied, would cause the fragmentation of properties into uneconomical units. This concept originated in the period of the 19th and 20th centuries when the new legislation was beeing produced in Middle East countries to restrain waqf as an obstacle to social and economic progress. The thesis traces a history of this dichotomic concept in the context of modem Egypt. First it discusses the waqf policy of Mul).ammad cAli in the first half of the 19th century, then the development of the central waqfbureau up to the end of the 19th century, and the process of conferring property rights to the land which caused an unprecedented expansion of family-like endowments during the first half...
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State and War: Development of the Concept
Duda, Jan ; Barša, Pavel (advisor) ; Slačálek, Ondřej (referee)
The history of international law, understood as an object of intersubjective reality, reflected various territorial structures of human society. States, as bearers of international law, were made in course of history by wars that they led with each other. On the basis of thought of Carl Schmitt we can distinguish two historical structures of territory: the universal medieval empire and the modern sovereign states. Both of these structures were connected with distinct systems of international law and with distinct concepts of war. Since the turn of 19th and 20th century we can observe signs of decline of the Westphalian system of sovereign states. This process, accompanied by changes in concept of war, began to be fully expressed at the beginning of the 21st century in connection with so called war on terror. On the juridical concepts of war on terror and humanitarian intervention I show decline of the Westphalian system of sovereign states and possible return to the international structure of the medieval empire.
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Perception of space in Czech travel writing of the 15th century
Bažant, Vojtěch ; Nejedlý, Martin (advisor) ; Soukup, Pavel (referee)
The theses analyses ways of literary representations of perception of space in Czech 15th century travel narratives. With special regard to the genre classification of the travel narratives, this study covers a part of travellers' mentalities in the Late Middle Ages. The concept of perception of space represents the ways of viewing the surrounding world. It helps to understand how travellers confronted social stereotypes with their own experiences. The thesis highlights how relations between natural foundations of the Earth and human thought are construed and shows that both bear the same importance for the shaping of the narration.
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Imaging styles of American Cameramen in the 1960’s and 70‘s in the 20th century
Chajewski, Jan ; BRABEC, Jaroslav (advisor) ; SMUTNÝ, Vladimír (referee)
An analysis of the changes in style in cinematography during the „New Hollywood“ or „American New Wave“ of the 1960’s and 70‘s is the intent of this thesis. The main context for this analysis is the influence the French New Wave had on American Cinema. We try to look at specific aspects of American visual culture and the progress made in that culture as a result of American cinematographer’s reaction to new cinematic ideas. As a result of new thinking in cinema Hollywood cameramen began making “mistakes” acceptable and using them as visual tools, that their older colleagues where forbidden to use. Bonnie and Clyde was the first widely successful “New Hollywood” film, so in comparison to Jules and Jim, its French equivalent, we can look at the way visual language changed and how differently the same cinematic thought can be brought to life in two very different cinematic cultures.
The main contribution of this thesis is the analysis of the new visual tools that American cameramen brought to world cinema. These tools can be observed when watching almost any audiovisual product made after 1967, when Bonnie and Clyde had its premiere. For future cinematographers the knowledge of the historical context of these visual tools can be beneficial for more informed viewing.
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Woman of the 1st half of 19th century
Tomášková, Veronika ; Prokop, Jiří (advisor) ; Syřiště, Ivo (referee)
The graduation thesis analyses the status of woman since her birth to adult age in the 1st half of 19th century. In the beginning it is dealt with facts of European history. Further it focuses on woman, her childhood, adolescence and her adult age. The subject of the thesis is to show how the society behaved to a girl and a woman in the some specific social caste, how they thought of her, what type of rights, responsibilities and possibilities for education she had. The chosen areas are: the pedagogy history, the children education, the girl education and pedagogy, the family environment, the sociability, the marriage and maternity. The thesis subsequently responds how hardly and slowly the woman obtained her rights in the private also in the public life.
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Samuel Fritz - author of the first exact map of Amazon river
Šimková Broulová, Kamila ; Binková, Simona (referee)
The thesis focuses on the personality of the Jesuit missionary Samuel Fritz. A comprehensive monograph of this Trutnov native has not yet been published in Czech, despite the fact that Fritz's spiritual work among Amazonian Indians, as well as his contribution to the world's cartography and exploration of the South American continent, are highly appreciated by specialists. Fritz was the most significant of cartography committed missionaries in Amazonia; his map of the Amazon from 1691, which gives the first relatively precise record of the river, became a model for further mapping of this area for more than 200 years. The source of the Amazon set by Samuel Fritz into the lake of Lauricocha was thought accurate until the mid-20th century. The thesis presents the biography of Samuel Fritz in the context of the historical and political situation at the verge of the 17th and 18th century as well as the contemporaneous geographical knowledge of the New World. Apart from compiling the information from historical documents, scientific publications and archives, the thesis compares the picture of current Amazonia to that from Fritz's times. It builds upon the conclusions of my own research of Fritz's heritage, conducted during a more than two-month stay in the region in 2000. The thesis thus covers three...
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