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Usage of sandstone bedrock in Bohemian rural environment
Pohunková, Iva ; Klápště, Jan (advisor) ; Podroužek, Kamil (referee)
The thesis discusses settlement relics and other traces of landscape use in sandstone bedrock of northern Bohemia from medieval ages up to 1st half of the 20th century. Three polygonal areas of interest covering an area of 1 km2 each were selected: area of hamlet Lešnice in the region of Roverské skály, area of Truskavna village in the region of Kokořínsko and area of Podkost village in the Český ráj region. The thesis compares these area and types of object found by field survey from 2015 and 2017-2019. It includes a detailed listing of documented objects, plans of chosen sites and detailed maps for each polygon. Keywords sandstone, field survey, small monuments, rock dwellings, Middle Ages, Modern period, everday life
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Urbary of archbishopric domain Týn nad Vltavou in the years 1719-1723
HRBKOVÁ, Kristýna
This Bachelor Thesis focuses on the urbaria of the domain Týn nad Vltavou in the years 1719 to 1723. It includes a general definition of urbaria as important historical sources and at the same time describes, examines and compares the urbaria of this domain from diplomatic point of view in detail. This thesis further describes the history, development and economic situation of said domain in early modern times. This work also contains an edition of the urbarium of 1719 and charts including a summary overview of paid interests in this domain. This data is taken from urbaria or litarature.
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Bohemian Town Street and House in the Late Middle Ages and Early Modern Era
Michálková, Lucie ; Županič, Jan (advisor) ; Rybák, David (referee)
The aim of this bachelor thesis is to capture the development of town street and house in the late Middle Ages and early modern period based on professional and popular literary works. Although each street and house had their own unique form, the aim of this work is to draw a typical image of both and to present a complex picture of everything that could be seen by the medieval or early modern inhabitants of the city. The first part focuses on the street, especially its appearance and life in its space. It provides information of the types and names of the streets, their general appearance and their specific features, hygiene and cleaning, and last but not least, it reveals lives of the people moving in their area and their everyday and festive activities. The second part deals with the typical house of middle-class residents, its interior and exterior, with a special focus on the house signs of the Prague houses. It also approaches the often difficult life of the inhabitants in its walls. The thesis deals with the period of the late Middle Ages and the Early Modern Era, ranging from the Luxembourg period until the year 1620 - the Battle of the White Mountain. It therefore includes the development of streets from the beginnings of towns until it began to resemble those of our age. The aim of the...
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Tumours in historical and social context in the modern period
Hrudka, Jan ; Komárek, Stanislav (advisor) ; Tinková, Daniela (referee) ; Stingl, Josef (referee)
Univerzita Karlova v Praze Přírodovědecká fakulta Studijní program: Filosofie a dějiny přírodních věd MUDr. Jan Hrudka Nádory v dějinném a kulturním kontextu v novověku Tumours in historical and social context in the modern period Disertační práce Školitel / Supervisor: Prof. RNDr. Stanislav Komárek, Dr. Praha, 2017 SUMMARY: The PhD thesis called Tumours in historical and social context in the modern period is an attempt to describe a change of medical thinking in modern period; science and medicine turns from antique humoral pathology, explaining all diseases as an imbalance of the four body humours, to pathological anatomy and experimental physiology. In the point of view of pathological anatomy, the viscera of diseased person are no more "screen" or "mirror" of the disease, but it becomes directly the "stage" or "theatre" of the acting disease. This shift in the thought may be labelled as movement from humoralism to localism or ontologism; the disease isn't just abnormal amount of some natural juice any more, but becomes new original entity. This change undergoes the understanding of tumours and cancerous disease as well. Instead of antique understanding tumours as precipitates of black bile, the cell theory occurs in the 19th century. This theory explains tumours as a mass of cells undergoing excessive...
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Medieval bell founding. Bell founding and archaeology in the Middle Ages and the Early Modern period.
RYCHLÍK, Martin
The bachelor thesis examines bell founding in Bohemia in the Middle Ages and the Early Modern period of modern history, primarily from an archaeological viewpoint. The archaeological part of the bachelor thesis, which is central to the whole paper, relies on findings of works on both moveable and immoveable archaeological evidence of bell founding from several regions of Bohemia. The goal of the bachelor thesis is to introduce a new picture of bell founding from various perspectives. The paper comprises not only an archaeological point of view, which focuses on archaeological finds of bells and bell fragments and archaeological evidence from bell foundries, but also a campanological and historical point of view, presenting the current state of research in the field. In terms of methodology, the bachelor thesis uses description, transcription, induction, deduction, analysis, synthesis, and a synchronous approach to the matter. Attached are: sketches and photography of archaeological finds, sketches and photography of immovable archaeological finds, tabular summaries and graphs.
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Nicholas of Cusa on Human, Intellect and Number
Šenovský, Jakub ; Novák, Aleš (advisor) ; Nejeschleba, Tomáš (referee) ; Karfíková, Lenka (referee)
This thesis deals with the anthropological thinking of Nicholas of Cusa. The first part presents the fundamental metaphysical motifs that are the basis for this anthropology - above all, it concerns the conception of human as a mind (intellect). This conception is linked with the thinking of the first Principle (God) as the unity that is identical with itself. This unity/oneness of the One descends into the world through number that is one and multiple at the same time (all higher numbers consist of ones). The emphasis on unity of the One and on number as a mean of the creation is the reason, why Cusa's main concern, regarding the understanding of the world, aren't individual substances, but the relations between these substances. And for this kind of metaphysical thinking it is really important to develop also a strong notion of human intellect (mind), but the first philosophical texts to some extent fail to do so. The second part of this thesis deals with the proper anthropology that is developed in the dialogues with the idiota. It is shown what is the role of human mind in the dynamics of descent and ascent of unity of the One - it is the human mind and its intellectual return to its Beginning through which is all creation being made one and being brought to its true nature that is the One. The last...
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Theme of death at manor houses and funeral chapels at 16th and 17th century
Marková, Dominika ; Nespěšná Hamsíková, Magdaléna (advisor) ; Jarošová, Markéta (referee)
Thesis is focused on a decoration of the selected castles and funeral chapels with a specific iconography of the death (memento mori), personified as a skeleton (skull), or through inscriptions. A significant part of the thesis is the intellectual background of understanding the death in the turn of the 16th and the 17th century. As a key for the interpretation will be used a contemporary literature as libri de arte moriendi or other period literature with a symbolism of the death. The above mentioned subject will be presented at the following examples: Castle of Bechyně, funeral chapel at Postřelmov, chapel at Martinický palace and baroque carner at Prague Loreta.
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Brotherhoods and Guilds of Tradesmen and Craftsmen in Prague Cities from Late Mediaeval Period to the End of Guild System
Smrž, Jiří ; Ebelová, Ivana (advisor) ; Woitschová, Klára (referee)
(in English): This master thesis follows the history of Prague guilds from the very beginning of their system to the end in 1860. Research was focused on cities which created former Prague - Old Town, New Town, Lesser Town and Hradčany. At first, used sources and their evaluation for the above mentioned research are described. There are reflections of the most important moments in the history of guilds in the Czech Lands, especially in Prague towns at that time, in the next chapters. Main goal of this thesis is to reconstruct a picture of all historical guilds and brotherhoods in the cities of Prague. My own research reflects knowledge of previous researchers. These were thereafter compared to some new sources and revised. Unknown parts of the history of Prague guilds were elaborated, such as history of this system in modern period. Based on some particular knowledge of history of singular guilds new hypotheses of general evolution of guilds in Prague were formed. Attached are glossaries of names of professions (Latin, German and Old Czech), that were in Prague towns in the past.
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North Korean Ideologization of History (Focusing on Main Events of the 20th Century)
Šamánková, Karolína ; Löwensteinová, Miriam (advisor) ; Glomb, Vladimír (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals with interpretation of modern Korean historiography, focusing on North Korean historiography of 20th century and influence of juche state ideology. The second part of the thesis introduces selected examples of revisionism of Korean history based on North Korean sources. This part focuses on the Korean ancient times until the era of Three Kingdoms, beginning of the modern era and most importantly on the interpretation of the most significant events of 20th and 21st century. The last part of the thesis introduces some aspects of contemporary revisions and trends in the interpretation of Korean history.
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The collection of textile fragments found in rubbish dump dated to modern times from archaeological excavation in Praha 1- Na rejdišti čp. 77
Šmidová, Kamila ; Březinová, Helena (advisor) ; Bravermanová, Milena (referee)
The main aim of the master thesis is an evaluation of archaeological textiles from the site Na Rejdišti 1 - Praha 1, which are coming from the rubbish dump. They are dated from the 16th to the 18th century. Key sources of information are analogical situations coming mainly from Poland and Germany where the textile fragments have been evaluated from rubbish dumps, water wells, cesspits and sewers. Outcome of the paper is also a tabular catalogue of findings. Key words textile, clothing, late Middle Ages, modern times, town, central Europe, dump, Na Rejdiši, Praha
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