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Reasons why there was a food crisis in 2007 and 2008
Albertová, Jana ; Malý, Josef (advisor) ; Tupý, Jaroslav (referee)
This diploma thesis "Reasons why there was a food crisis in 2007 and 2008" summarizes and analyzes to what extent contributed particular factors to food crises all around the world in 2007 and 2008. Media and some well known international organizations believed that the main factors that caused last food crises were bio-fuels and significantly increased demand from China and India. This diploma thesis summarizes all main factors and comes to conclusion that the main factor that should be eliminated as soon as possoble is the problem with global climatic changes. Several international organizations have discussed this issue on international and global level for several years so let us hope we will not only discuss but we will do some active and concrete steps to solve this global problem. Of course the other factors need to be eliminated or at least moderated in the future as well. None of the crises occurs because of some concrete factor. It is always set of reasons that have caused some global problem.
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The second generation of biofuels in the real world
Skalický, Michal ; Dvořák, Antonín (advisor) ; Hadrabová, Alena (referee)
The diploma thesis deals with the problematics of biofuels as a renewable source of energy in transportation, which has recently gotten under social spotlight. The theoretical part is focused on an explanation of basic terminology, historical development and especially reasons for the need to replace current fosil fuels with respect to an increasing volume of CO2 and shortening oil reserves. The practical part compares characteristics, use, pros and cons of the biofuels of the first and second generation and tries to estimate benefits of the biofuels of the second generation in both economic and environmental area.
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Biofuels used in diesel engines
Voborníková, Tereza ; Písař, Pavel (advisor) ; Petrášek, František (referee)
Impaired environment, political instability in the countries which are the main oil producers, development of the local economies and utilization of the agricultural surplus -- these theses are the main reasons for using biofuels as the alternative. Ambiguous results in these areas and publicity of inaccurate information in media give a chance to various groups to try to enforce their own interests in that area. In this paper I discuss the recent situation of "MEŘO", the dominant bio-component adding to the oil, in the Czech Republic. I study the fuel market relations, production capacities, base of raw materials as well as the impacts of new factory in actual area. I try to find the answers to the most controversial questions. I come to the result that present first generation biofuels are the partial solution of the energetic situation, which could be good for economy and does not threaten consumers. However ecologists and economists criticize. My conclusion is that the investments on second generation biofuels and other alternative fuels development should not discontinue.
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Effects of the use of biofuels in the fuel prices and food prices
Procházka, Štěpán ; Ryvolová, Ivana (advisor) ; Petrášek, František (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals with the influence of the use of biofuels in the fuel prices and food prices. The theoretical part introduces the concept of biofuels, the grounds for introducing them and try to show some increase in prices of agricultural commodities as a result of biofuel production and their impact on fuel prices. Analytical part provides a method that allows you to calculate the limit price for 1 barrel RME (rape-seed methyl ester) using the change rate of CZK / USD and change in oil prices in USD per 1 barrel. The aim of this work is to assess the impact of biofuel production on food prices and fuel.
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The biofuels directive and its impact on the economics
Rollerová, Alena ; Zajíček, Miroslav (advisor) ; Mach, Petr (referee)
Liquid biofuels are supposed to be an alternative way to provide energy necessary for transportation which is in modern economies dominated by oil and oil products so far. Recent policies of the EU are to support the usage of this alternative. These policies were being justified by several arguments -- decreasing of oil-import dependence, support for agriculture, decrease of CO2 emissions etc. In this paper I discuss the validity of these supportive arguments and real and mostly unintended effects of aforementioned pro-biofuel-usage policies. I conclude that none of the arguments used to support the case of pro-biofuel-usage policies is based on sound economic reasoning and none is supported by available data or can be proved on the level of scientific standard. Moreover, unintended effects are mostly harmful for economies within and outside of the EU. Hopefully, there are signs of reconsidering of aforementioned policies.
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Biotechnology as political problem
Sobotková, Lenka ; Dvořáková, Vladimíra (advisor) ; Lisa, Aleš (referee)
Thesis is concentrated on two biotechnologies: biofuels and genetically modified crops. Defines technical and economical characteristics, lists international agreements and czech and european legislation regarding both biotechnologies. Introduces opinions and analyses positions of selected political subjects as UNO, WTO, OECD, EU, catholic church and main czech political parties.
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Budoucnost biopaliv v evropském palivoenergetickém řetězci
Grygar, Filip ; Slavíková, Lenka (advisor) ; Czesaný, Slavoj (referee)
Tato práce se zabývá zaváděním biosložek do pohonných hmot v Evropské Unii a dopadem této činnosti na životní prostředí a ekonomiku států. Jedná se o snahu redukovat závislost na ropě, jejíž zásoby se dle odborníků snižují a taktéž o snahu omezit produkci emisí z automobilové dopravy, zejména skleníkových plynů, jež se nemalou měrou podílejí na klimatických změnách. Nárůst spotřeby ropy a produkce emisí během posledního století je vysoký a způsoben především zvyšujícím se počtem automobilů, který je ovlivněn mimo jiné, vyšší životní úrovní obyvatel Evropy. Cílem této práce je srovnat mezi sebou ideu Evropské unie o přechodu na biopaliva a zprávy světových organizací, které tento postup kritizují. Dalším cílem práce bude snaha zjistit, zda vůbec, a za jakých podmínek, a v jakém množství je zavádění biosložek výhodné a ekonomicky efektivní, vzhledem k nákladům na výrobu směsného paliva a nákladům na zavedení opatření včetně dopadu na státní rozpočet.
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Omezené zásoby ropy a alternativní zdroje energie ? energetická závislost a její vliv na světovou ekonomiku
Mišoň, Petr ; Bič, Josef (advisor) ; Turečková, Andrea (referee)
Práce pojednává o postavení ropy ve světové ekonomice jako jedné z nejdůležitějších energetických surovin. Je zde podána hlubší charakteristika ohledně světových zásob ropy, světových trendů ve spotřebě ropy, investic do ropného průmyslu, ekologických dopadů vyvolaných spotřebou ropy, energetické závislosti světové ekonomiky na ropě a charakteristika využití ropy v dopravě. Další část práce je věnována využití a aplikaci alternativních zdrojů energie v dopravě a podrobnější charakteristice biopaliv a vodíku, jako alternativ ke konvenčním palivům.
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Bioenergy as an Alternative Source of Fuels for Transport in World Economics
Běláčková, Adéla ; Vošta, Milan (advisor) ; Kašpar, Václav (referee)
Práce pojednává o využívání bioenergie jako obnovitelného a environmentálně šetrného paliva pro dopravu. Zabývá se otázkou schopnosti biopaliv postupně nahradit ropná paliva v dopravě a snížit tak emise skleníkových plynů i energetickou závislost dopravy na nabídce ropy. Hodnocenými biopalivy jsou bioetanol, biodiesel a bioplyn. Hodnotícími faktory potom environmentální přínosy spojené s jejich využíváním, cenová konkurenceschopnost a odhadované produkční kapacity. Práce vychází především ze zkušeností získaných v zemích Západní Evropy, USA a Brazílii.
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