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Exploring case forms of Czech nouns and their ranking in semantic (collocational) classes
Schöne, Karin ; Kučera, Karel (advisor) ; Šebesta, Karel (referee) ; Šindelářová, Jaromíra (referee)
This dissertation aims to identify and analyse the frequency distribution of mor- phological forms of nouns in contemporary Czech. The work is based on an error analysis of texts of non-native speakers revealing and describing frequent types of errors in noun inflection. Against the background of recent research in the field of second language acquisition on the one hand and the principles of communicative approaches to language teaching on the other hand nine textbooks of Czech as a foreign language are analysed for approaches to the introduction and presentation of grammatical cases, their functions and typical constructions. It is concluded that it is necessary to exemplify case functions by prototypical constructions and sufficient sample nouns for which these functions are typical. With regard to the often observed emphasis on the noun as a part of the inflectional paradigm and thus on the nominative singular as its basic form, it is eligible for textbooks and language classes to shift the focus from the dominant paradigmatic to the syntag- matic aspect of nouns and their word forms. One of the initial questions of these theses therefore is which forms of a noun are essential to the adequate (didactical- ly oriented) presentation of the noun and its use. A pilot study conducted on the data of...
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Names of Animals in Spanish Phraseology and Idiomatics with Regard to Czech Language
Janštová, Lucie ; Čermák, Petr (advisor) ; Kratochvílová, Dana (referee)
1 Abstract The topic of this thesis is Czech and Spanish phrasemes containing denominations of animals or parts of their bodies. Theoretical part of this thesis deals with delimitation of the concepts of phraseme, idiom etc., it describes the various attitudes to these issues in the Czech and Spanish field. The practical part, which is based on the theoretical premises, focuses on analysis of idiomatic expressions enlisted in a vocabulary attached to the thesis. The practical part further examines the vocabulary from different points of view, focuses on the extent of equivalency among individual idioms, frequency of use in particular languages, affiliation with the specific zoological categories and etymology of selected phrases. The target of this thesis is to identify both the differences and the similarities among the idioms.
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Czech and Serbian phraseology: comparison, aspects and structure of the Czech-Serbian phraseological dictionary
Linda Popović, Snežana ; Čermák, František (advisor) ; Jirásek, Karel (referee) ; Krejčí, Pavel (referee)
Title: Czech and Serbian phraseology: comparison, aspects and structure of the Czech-Serbian phraseological dictionary Author: Mgr. Snežana Linda Popović Department: Department of South Slavonic and Balkan Studies Supervisor: prof. PhDr. František Čermák, DrSc. Abstract Despite the fact that phraseology is present-day and appealing theme in linguistic, that many linguists gain from, which is due to fact that our language is made up of many steady and idiomatic structures that foreign students have to learn, this scientific discipline is still an area where the linguists have not yet agreed on the definition of its basic unit and field of research. Besides that, there is evident variance in the number of works within phraseology and phraseography in Czech and Serbian linguistics. The main objective of this dissertation is to analyse the Czech and Serbian phraseological theory, classification of phrasemes and phraseography, including the theoretical background to create a bilingual phraseological dictionary. The analysis was based on field of definition of phrasemes, its formal distribution, equivalents on all combinatorial levels and design of dictionary entry in monolingual and bilingual phraseological dictionaries. The findings have confirmed that there are areas in context of phraseology that did...
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Language culture and incorporation of foreign words into Czech language in Právo
Kubínová, Monika ; Šoltys, Otakar (advisor) ; Švelch, Jan (referee)
In this work I would like to focus on language culture and incorporation of words from foreign languages into Czech language in Právo in 1990 - 2014. In the first part of the analysis I would like to look closer on the language culture in Právo by comparing language culture in the years 1990 and 2014. This gives me overview of the language evolution. For more accurate analysis of the language culture I will go through every year of the newspaper. In the second part of the analysis I would like to focus on the incorporation of foreign words into Czech language in Právo. I will be analysing the same period as in the previous section. I selected this period on purpose because I think that after 1989 there will be more and more foreign words coming into Czech language. I also suppose that the number of incorporated words will stop rising and keep at some level after some time. I would like to focus on the number of incorporated words and what foreign languages are used for the incorporationn the most.
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Stereotypes of Nationalities, and Signes for Nations in the Czech Sign Language
Břinková, Lucie ; Vaňková, Irena (advisor) ; Richterová, Klára (referee)
The methodology of exploring stereotypes in spoken languages has been described in Jerzy Bartmiński's papers in great detail.Bartmiński works with three types of data (linguistic, textual and empirical ones), which he uses to formulate a cognitive definition describing the stereotype of the explored phenomenon. This work is the first of its kind to attempt to apply this methodology to exploring ethnic stereotypes in the Czech Sign Language. Sign languages are visual-motoric by their nature and lack a written form, which brings certain difficulties when exploring textual data. Therefore, for the purpose of exploring stereotypes in these languages the aforementioned method had to be modified in numerous ways. It is especially the linguistic data which have become important here, along with the empirical ones to a certain extent. It turns out that the sought stereotypes are most frequently contained in the very form of the sign (in the so-called parameters, i.e. hand shape, location, movement etc.) or in modifications of its parameters. This is documented on ten different ethnic stereotypes in the Czech Sign Language.
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The Theory of Communication as an Explanatory Principle for the Natural Multilevel Text Segmentation
Milička, Jiří ; Zemánek, Petr (advisor) ; Cvrček, Václav (referee) ; Altmann, Gabriel (referee)
1. Phonemes, words, clauses and sentences are not a logical necessity of language, unlike distinctive features and morphemes. 2. Despite this, such nested segmentation is very firmly present in languages and in our concepts of language description, 3. because nested segmentation and inserting redundancy on multiple levels is an efficient way to get the language signal through the burst-noise channel. 4. There are various strategies how redundancy can be added and what kind of redundancy can be added. 5. The segment delimiter is expressed by some additional information and the amount of delimiting information is independent from the length of the seg- ment it delimits. This principle can serve as a basis for a successful model for the Menzerath's relation.
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Czech of Slovak Speakers
Halušková, Dana ; Šebesta, Karel (advisor) ; Chromý, Jan (referee)
The bachelor`s thesis Czech of Slovak Speakers analyzes the spoken language speeches by two Slovak speakers in the Czech language on the basis of language transfer, semicommunication and linguistic typology of errors described in the first part. The second part is in relation to the theoretical definition of the problem devoted to the research. It describes and according to the language levels divides errors as actually found in the speeches and imagined, which are described by speakers themselves. The conclusion find out the ratio between the errors caused by interference and by other influences. We explain possible causes of this situation and we are suggesting a solution there.
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Czech of Slovak Speakers
Halušková, Dana ; Šebesta, Karel (advisor) ; Chromý, Jan (referee)
The bachelor`s thesis Czech of Slovak Speakers analyzes the spoken language speeches by two Slovak speakers in the Czech language on the basis of language transfer, semicommunication and linguistic typology of errors described in the first part. The second part is in relation to the theoretical definition of the problem devoted to the research, it describes and according to the language levels divides errors as actually found in the speeches and imagined, which are described by speakers themselves. The conclusion find out the ratio between the errors caused by interference and by other influences. We explain possible causes of this situation and we are suggesting a solution there.
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Critical points in the Czech language at elementary school
Dygrínová, Gabriela ; Šmejkalová, Martina (advisor) ; Štěpáník, Stanislav (referee)
The thesis deals with the critical points of teaching Czech language at the elementary school. The aim of the work was to identify the citical points of teaching Czech language to the sixth grade of the elementary level. The identification of the critical points was done through a qualitative analysis of the discussions lead with teachers of Czech language. The theoretical part of the work characterizes the Czech language curriculum in the sixth grade and its didactic apporoach in commonly used textbooks. Conceptions, such as the cricital point and the mistake are defined. The practical part of the work contains the analysis and the interpretation of the discussions carried out with the teachers. The program Altas.ti was used for the evaluation of the obtained data. The critical points of Czech language in the sixth grade of the elementary school were found to be the phenomena in the realm of syntax, morphology, and spelling. In the realm of syntax, the critical spots of the greatest weight were: the ability to think logically, the knowledge of the basic linguistic phenomena, the understanding of the syntactic relationships and the terminology. In morphology, the ability to distinguish between the parts of speech, the case determination, and the recognition of the number of the collective and the...
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RWCT methods at the start of the school attendance
Hálová, Martina ; Tomková, Anna (advisor) ; Hejlová, Helena (referee)
The aim of this thesis was to study RWCT methods used at the beginning of a school attendance and to study appropriate conditions for applying RWCT methods. The thesis deals with searching for the best method of the very initial pupils reading and also appropriate teaching materials with regard to RWCT. There is described a three-phase model of E-U-R education and selected method of critical thinking. The practical part of the thesis contains preparation for lessons processed using RWCT methods and summarizes results of pedagogical action research. The outcomes of the thesis confirm that if pupils have suitable conditions at the beginning of a school attendance, they are able to use RWCT methods in practise.
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