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Compliments in informal private discourse
Dvořáková, Klára ; Filippová, Eva (advisor) ; Saicová Římalová, Lucie (referee)
1 Abstract The aim of this thesis is to analyze communication functions, verbal and nonverbal means of compliments in Czech which occur in private informal discourse. Material for this analysis was collected from audiovisual and audio recordings of communication between family members and friends. As for the identification of the communication functions of compliments the method of conversation analysis was chosen. Functional classification was created based on the location of compliments in global organization of conversation, linguistic form of compliments and actions that compliments are performing or accompanying. Another part of this thesis is devoted to the analysis of verbal and nonverbal means used at complimenting. The structures, lexical units and the most significant nonverbal means used in the production of compliments were identified. For the purpose of comprehensive description of compliment sequences we also analyze reactions to compliments.
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Face-preserving Strategies in Interpreting
Richterová, Hana ; Čeňková, Ivana (advisor) ; Vavroušová, Petra (referee)
The present thesis applies the sociolinguistic concepts of politeness and face on interpreting theory and practice. Interpreting is, in its essence, highly face-threatening, which is reflected in codes of ethics adopted by interpreting vocational associations. Having insight into two cultures, interpreters can use their communication competence to preserve the face of their recipients or the speaker. For the Western society, it is natural to protect one's own face in communication; however, such efforts can collide with the endeavour to convey the message faithfully and precisely. The thesis therefore studies the strategies that interpreters apply in face-threatening situations and presents examples of what interpreters do to save face, including such events when face- preserving outweighs conveying the message. There is also a discrepancy between the conventional role of a neutral or passive interpreter as a message conduit and the role of interpreters as active communication participants who take the initiative. By analysing interviews and an online survey, the study demonstrates that many interpreters believe that their role is an active one and their impact on the output of interpreted interactions is significant. Keywords: face, politeness, interpreting, face-preserving strategies,...
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The transfer of (im)politeness in interpreting
Kavínová, Martina ; Jettmarová, Zuzana (advisor) ; Ott, Libor (referee)
While the linguistic concept of politeness has been thoroughly analyzed, the same does not apply to its interpreting. The present theoretical-empirical work describes the means for expressing politeness grouped by G. Leechʼs maxims of politeness. The empirical part analyzes recordings of simultaneous interpretation from media and European Parliament settings. This is a quantitative study and the outcome is the number of means for expressing politeness which the interpreters conveyed into Czech. On average and in all of the material 65,7 % of means for expressing politeness were conveyed into Czech in compliance with the maxims. The means analyzed are prosody, non-verbal communication, modality, personal reference, etc. An equivalent interpretation of means of politeness was deemed desirable. The thesis verifies the hypothesis whether the level of politeness significantly increased in comparison with the original speeches. Key words: politeness, pragmatics, illocutionary act, maxims of politeness, face, modality, prosody, non- verbal communication, Czech, English, interpreting, equivalence, US presidential debate, Obama, Romney, Common Agricultural Policy, European Parliament, Catherine Ashton, forms of address
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Social media etiquette
Stehlíková, Jana ; Klabíková Rábová, Tereza (advisor) ; Šťastná, Lucie (referee)
The thesis deals with the etiquette within social media and social network sites as a part of network media. First section focuses on the phenomenon of etiquette in historical context and deals with associated terms such as courtesy and politeness. Second part deals with documents concerning so called netiquette - network etiquette. Finally the third part focuses on the etiquette within social network sites (SNS). The paper analyses three SNS - Facebook, Twitter and LinkedIn and their official rules concerning appropriate user behaviour. Furthermore there are also unofficial rules created by users, enthusiasts, bloggers and journalists defined in the paper. Last part focuses on some phenomena that are significantly related to the topic of social media etiquette. The finding of the thesis shows that there are certain SNS etiquette rules and suggestions that are repetitive. It was also discovered that there is lack of uniform official etiquette rules within the SNS whereas the membership of users plays an important role in shaping those rules, advice and suggestions.
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Teaching politeness at 2nd grade of elementary school
Petrášová, Kateřina ; Chejnová, Pavla (advisor) ; Pišlová, Simona (referee)
This diploma thesis deals with the way to teach politeness in elementary schools. Based on the theoretical literature, in the first theoretical part on the background of the Czech language there are defined basic terms such as pragmalinguistics, politeness principle, politeness strategies, face etc. Considering the didactic character of this work, both verbal and nonverbal aspects of politeness are described in the relation to the teacher-student communication. The practical part of the thesis focuses on the analysis of how the aspects of politeness are taught in Czech language lessons and included in three contemporary textbook series. Other source studied is the analysis of the relevant survey among teachers. On the basis of the survey results there are made up some activities with presumably good influence on practicing examined aspects of politeness.
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Aspects of Politeness in a Classroom of English as a Second Language
Šubertová, Aneta ; Pípalová, Renata (advisor) ; Matuchová, Klára (referee)
This thesis deals with politeness and its realization in a classroom discourse. The theoretical part describes the most influential politeness theories and also the findings on the topic of teaching pragmatics and linguistic politeness. The research in the thesis focuses on analysis of teachers' verbal realizations of politeness as found in the recordings of four English lessons. The research was designed to verify the two hypotheses: (1) teachers are basically polite in a classroom of English as a second language and (2) politeness strategies of Czech teachers of English differ from those of native speaking teachers. The analytical part adopts the viewpoint of Brown and Levinson's positive and negative politeness. The last part of the thesis aims at summarizing the implications that this thesis, its theoretical summary and its research, have for teaching English as a second language.
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Politeness in the Czech Republic - Thanking and Accepting Thanks
Svobodová, Michaela ; Chejnová, Pavla (advisor) ; Hirschová, Milada (referee)
This work deals with politeness, politeness strategies and thanking and accepting thanks in the Czech Republic. At first, the thesis processes the issue from a theoretical point of view, there are presented the findings and theories of Czech and foreign linguists, who are interested in politeness and communication, several approaches toward polite or impolite behaviour. I describe in detail thanking and responses to thanks, expressions of gratitude and ingratitude; there are presented the topics, which directly relate to the issue, too. The practical part deals with the research of supposed responses of respondents - thanking and accepting thanks - in specific situations. The task isn't to research the using of speech, but the utterance considered as polite and suitable in the situation. I chose the questionnaire with 5 open questions, where respondents were asked to write the answer according to their experience. The research was oriented on respondents of both sexes between the ages of 14 to 42 years. The results are given in real numbers (firstly both sexes together and then separately). Finally, the results and findings are analysed and interpreted. Keywords: politeness, speech etiquette, Czech culture, thanking, accepting thanks
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Keigo - Language Means in Japanese Expressing Politeness, Courtesy and Respect
Kotek, Filip ; Švarcová, Zdeňka (advisor) ; Kanasugi, Petra (referee)
This thesis focuses on category of honorific expressions keigo, which consists of language means expressing politeness, courtesy and respect. It deals with classification methods of honorifics and puts emphasis on current system. All relevant subcategories are also introduced. The main part of the thesis consists of the description of the categories themselves. From the perspective of pragmalinguistics, the light is shed on usage rules concerning these categories and it concentrates especially on formal description of morphological and lexical means functioning when different levels of politeness is are being used. Key words: japanese language, linguistics, keigo, politeness, courtesy, respect
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Aspects and Instruments of Courtesy in Communication in Swedish and Czech
Malíková, Kamila ; Štajnerová, Petra (advisor) ; Hartlová, Dagmar (referee)
The aim of the dissertation is to examine the approach to politeness in Swedish and in Czech and to compare its features in both languages. In the theoretical part there are presented the most influential approaches to politeness. The next two chapters focus on practical examples. In the first of these there are summarized linguistic means which are used to express politeness in Czech, and they are compared with Swedish. The second one deals with several specific speech acts, in which courtesy applies. The different ways of expressing politeness in Czech and Swedish are described on the base of the literature and also on my own questionnaire. Not only the spoken but also the written form of the communication is ranged in the dissertation. Key words: communication, courtesy, politeness, Czech, Swedish, language, form of address, formal terms, written communication, greeting
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Politeness in the Czech Republic - Thanking and Accepting Thanks
Svobodová, Michaela ; Chejnová, Pavla (advisor) ; Hirschová, Milada (referee)
This work deals with politeness, politeness strategies and thanking and accepting thanks in the Czech Republic. At first, the thesis processes the issue from a theoretical point of view, there are presented the findings and theories of Czech and foreign linguists, who are interested in politeness and communication, several approaches toward polite or impolite behaviour. I describe in detail thanking and responses to thanks, expressions of gratitude and ingratitude; there are presented the topics, which directly relate to the issue, too. The practical part deals with the research of using polite strategies - thanking and accepting thanks - in specific situations. I chose the questionnaire with 5 open questions, where respondents were asked to write the answer according to their experience. The research was oriented on respondents of both sexes between the ages of 14 to 42 years. The results are given in percentage (firstly both sexes together and then separately). Finally, the results and findings are analysed and interpreted. Keywords: politeness, speech etiquette, Czech culture, thanking, accepting thanks
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