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Evoluce genomů vlka a psa a jejich porovnání
Pazii, Oleksandra
The bachelor thesis deals with the study of the first and most common domesticated animal and its ancestors. The emphasis is put on the analysis of the current knowledge of the evolution of the gray wolf and the domestic dog genomes. Based on scientific publications are discussed origin, divergence, scenarios and influence of domestication on breeds. These are genetic fundamentals of phenotypic diversity, relationships between dog breeds, variations in morphology and behavior, and introgression between wolves and dogs. At the end of the thesis there are summarized several methods, used software and results from various molecular phylogenetic researches. A contemporary view of the evolution of all canines, molecular genetic research of the relationships between modern and origin species are key components for achieving the consensus about the place, time and reasons of diversification of dogs and wolves.
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Original literary reportage and its theoretical definition
Kubelka, Jan ; Čeňková, Jana (advisor) ; Maňák, Vratislav (referee)
This thesis compiles the phenomenon of literary reportage, also known as the Polish School of Reportage. In theoretical level, it compares literary reportage with conventional reportage and including this key differences defines the genre. It also follows history of reportage by connecting it with literary and journalistic tradition, while focusing on specific development in Poland. Examples of contemporary literary reportage in Poland and in the Czech Republic are included as well. Furthermore, the thesis covers the question of fiction and fictional narrative in the genre, it applies theoretical knowledge of narratology and considers the significance of fiction in literary reportage. The second part of the thesis is original reportage picturing the return of wolves into Czech nature.
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Great Carnivores and its Acceptation in Selected Region
Hadravová, Petra ; Andreska, Jan (advisor) ; Hanel, Lubomír (referee)
The diploma thesis is focused on finding the relationship of primary school pupils and secondary school students to the carnivores of the Czech Republic in the Lusatian Mountains and Ralsko Upland. Among the selected carnivores are brown bear (Ursus arctos), lynx (Lynx lynx) and wolf (Canis lupus). Fox (Vulpes vulpes) is used in the thesis for comparison. The thesis collects the opinions on these carnivores and compares them. The survey was realized by questionnaire survey. The thesis includes the characteristics of carnivores and their extensions.
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Comparison of Attitudes of Primary and Secondary Schools Students to Large Carnivores, Especially the Common Wolf (Canis lupus) and Domestic Dog (Canis lupus familiaris)
Mejzr, Martin ; Andreska, Jan (referee) ; Hanel, Lubomír (referee)
Today, the issues related to the presence of bears and wolves in the Czech Republic are more frequently discussed due to their occasional occurrence. The significant part of the public still considers these predators dangerous and they even think that a man is supposed to be their potential prey. A lot of surveys confirming this have been already taken, but none of them was focused on the views of primary and secondary schools students. As they are a part of the school education system, their views on the large carnivores should be mainly shaped by it. A questionnaire-based survey was used to find the attitudes of students. The first part of the questionnaire focused on the students' opinions about the dangerousness of predators, its reasons and common wolf presence in the Czech Republic. The second part of the questionnaire is focused on the domestic dog, which has wolf origins. It deals mainly with the attitudes of students to selected dog breeds, dog domestication awareness and views on the so- called "fighting breeds". This work has been aimed at identification of attitudes of the primary and secondary school students from different regions of the Czech Republic to the selected predators. The survey was also taken at primary schools in the High Tatras Mountains, an area where all the large...
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Phrasems in Norwegian and Czech - A Comparison from the Cognitive Linguistics Perspective
Payneová, Marie ; Štajnerová, Petra (advisor) ; Vaňková, Irena (referee)
In this thesis we deal with the analysis of expressions - in particular the metaphorical and phraseological expressions - containing a motive of an animal in Czech and Norwegian. The method is based on cognitive linguistics, mainly on the Polish ethnolinguistic school, with a special focus on the definition of metaphor and symbol from the point of view of the philosophical hermeneutics. We describe and support some common principles of the perception and conceptualization of animals in both languages and we focus on semantic connections concerning this topic. Our main focus is on the expression wolf - we compare the linguistic picture of the world of this controversial animal in Czech and Norwegian.
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Comparison of Attitudes of Primary and Secondary Schools Students to Large Carnivores, Especially the Common Wolf (Canis lupus) and Domestic Dog (Canis lupus familiaris)
Mejzr, Martin ; Andreska, Jan (advisor) ; Hanel, Lubomír (referee)
Today, the issues related to the presence of bears and wolves in the Czech Republic are more frequently discussed due to their occasional occurrence. The significant part of the public still considers these predators dangerous and they even think that a man is supposed to be their potential prey. A lot of surveys confirming this have been already taken, but none of them was focused on the views of primary and secondary schools students. As they are a part of the school education system, their views on the large carnivores should be mainly shaped by it. A questionnaire-based survey was used to find the attitudes of students. The first part of the questionnaire focused on the students' opinions about the dangerousness of predators, its reasons and common wolf presence in the Czech Republic. The second part of the questionnaire is focused on the domestic dog, which has wolf origins. It deals mainly with the attitudes of students to selected dog breeds, dog domestication awareness and views on the so- called "fighting breeds". This work has been aimed at identification of attitudes of the primary and secondary school students from different regions of the Czech Republic to the selected predators. The survey was also taken at primary schools in the High Tatras Mountains, an area where all the large...
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Commented translation: La peur du loup (G. Carbone, Gallimard, Paris 1993, p. 13-52)
Nenutil, Libor ; Belisová, Šárka (advisor) ; Šotolová, Jovanka (referee)
The submitted bachelor thesis Commented translation: La peur du loup consists of a theoretical and a practical part. The practical one is presented by a translation of selected chapters of the book La peur du loup by Geneviève Carbone. The main objective of this edu-cational publication is to provide information about wolves to the widest group of readers possible. The theoretical part is focused on a text analysis of the original French text. It also provides commentary of different problems caused during the process of translation and used methods and solutions. Keywords Wolf, fear, text analysis, commented translation, translation problems, fiction
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Wolves and Wolfdog-hybrids
Zahradníková, Jitka ; Fiala Šebková, Naděžda (advisor) ; Chmelíková, Eva (referee)
This thesis focuses on interspecies crossbreeding of wolves with other canids, especially dogs. The canids can mate and produce a fertile offspring. If the local conditions and etological barriers do not hinder, the hybrids in this area can spread out and endanger the original wolf population, especially when an introgression into the wolf population appears. The Red wolf is especially threatened by mating with coyotes and the Ethiopian wolf especially threatened by mating with domesticated dogs.
The process of cross-breeding took place previously in the early days of domestication. This is not surprising, because dogs of this time and wolves were not morphologically different. In history people were involved in intentional cross-breeding of those species. Either in order to improve the former dogs or experimentally at the zoo in order to get any data about cross-breeds. The hybrids of F1 (first filial generation) were then described as unmanageable and inappropriate for breeding in domestic conditions.
Today there are only few experts that would pursue crossing wolves and dogs. Little is known of successful cases of cross-breeding wolf and dog in captivity in the current conditions in the Czech Republic. The specialist concludes from this that even in our wild nature, where the domestic dogs do not run free, the presence of hybrids is not very likely. Some ethological barriers, such as the process of estrus in wolves and dogs, significantly lower the probability of the presence of cross-breeding in the wild.
Most data about the process of the intentional cross-breeding of the wolf and dog in captivity in the conditions of the former Czechoslovakia are known from the beginning of creation of the breed Czechoslovakian wolfdog. This breed arose as a result of the original research obtaining data about cross-breeding wolves and dogs. Total number of matings of wolf and dog was only four and there was always shown to be a high non-uniformity of the F1 generation.
There are other dog breeds that arose from mating wolf and dog, but only the Czechoslovakian wolfdog and the Saarlooswolfdog are the only ones registered in the FCI. Their mutual morphological comparison is very interesting, together with comparing them with their ancestor, the Eurasian wolf.
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Testing traits Saarloos wolfdog and Czechoslovakian wolfdog
Peterová, Dalia ; Fiala Šebková, Naděžda (advisor) ; Jana, Jana (referee)
This thesis is about cognitive behavior of dogs and wolves. It focuses on breeds of Czechoslovakian Wolfdog and Saarlooswolfdog, resulting from crossbreeding of a dog and a wolf. The thesis describes their natural behavior and abilities to cooperate and communicate with humans.
The thesis repeats series of behavioral experiments performed on dogs and wolfs described by Ádám Miklósi in his study from 2003 "A Simple Reason for a Big Difference: Wolves Do Not Look Back at Humans, but Dogs Do". We were interested to know how these particular crossbreeds would behave in the same model situations, thus we tested them on the Czechoslovakian Wolfdogs and Saarlooswolfdogs.
The first study shows whether the subjects are able to locate hidden food indicated by a known gesture of a human experimenter. The second study examines whether the subject, that is not able to solve a similarly looking task by itself, looks at a human for clues. The dog easily learns how to solve a simple task: opening an object to get to food. And it subsequently faces a similar situation, in which, it is impossible for the dog to resolve it by itself.
These experiments demonstrate that Czechoslovakian Wolfdog and Saarlooswolfdog are able to collaborate with humans with similar willingness. There is no statistical difference between these two breeds and the two sexes of these animals.
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