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Utilization of experimental games' methods in the study of cooperation, altruism and fairness and their biological predictors
Nováková, Julie ; Flegr, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Lindová, Jitka (referee)
Cooperative, altruistic and fairness-exhibiting behavior is an important topic in evolutionary and behavioral biology and the mechanisms leading to its evolution, ultimate as well as proximate precursors, are subject of much research in biological as well as social sciences, theoretical as well as experimental work. In light of the life history theory, I focused on the connection of one's health state and cooperative behavior in humans and tested the hypothesis that more healthy individuals would manifest more cooperative tendencies (as they would have more opportunities of future interactions and long-term benefits), and conversely. The data, obtained from a sample of university students engaged in experimental games (Dictator Game, Ultimatum Game, Expanded Ultimatum Game, Trust Game, and Reversed Dictator Game) and a health and personality-focused questionnaire, did not corroborate this hypothesis. My other hypotheses - that better memory and lower temporal discounting would be related to more cooperative behavior (stemming from the conditions for reciprocal cooperation) - were supported by the data, albeit only partially in the case of memory. I also used the data from the five experimental games to briefly describe the proportions of different types of behavior (self-regarding, altruistic,...
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Perception of controversial ads in today's society: What does controversial ad say about the society?
Vejborná, Hana ; Tuček, Milan (advisor) ; Paulíček, Miroslav (referee)
Advertising is a reflection of society. At the same time, it has impacts on society. This diploma thesis looks at advertising as an important social phenomenon. Based on the examples of controversial commercials, it deals with relationship between advertising and society. The main objective of this work is to explore the relationship of controversial commercials and society. With the use of qualitative research methods the author examines how the contemporary society is reflected in the communication of controversial commercials and whether our society is affected by them. For clarification purposes, this diploma thesis first identifies relevant terminology and sets the difference between key concepts, ie., advertising and controversial commercials. Moreover, the theoretical part of the thesis deals with the mutual relationship between advertising and society. Based on the analysis of the Grounded Theory the author acknowledges that the controversial commercials are in fact a reflection of society. Controversial commercials are communicated to their target groups in a common manner that is easy to understand. Yet, their presence in society is not always considered as acceptable and appropriate. In conclusion, this diploma thesis is devoted to the elaboration of the mutual relationship between...
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Measurement of using alcohol among adolescents and its causes
Rössler, Jan ; Buchtík, Martin (advisor) ; Kotík, Michal (referee)
Bachelor thesis "Measuring alcohol consumption among adolescents and its causes" deals with creation of a methodological tool that will reliably and efficiently measure the risk and harmful behavior of young people committed during consumption of alcoholic beverages - and therewithal pointing out the causes of this behavior. This is achieved by a synthesis of theoretical sources, dealing with alcohol abuse in adolescents and the factors that influence such behavior, preceded it or stimulate it. There is also used some foreign studies which were conducted on similar topics and the results are incorporated into this work and builds on them in sub-sections or socialization dimensions. Finally, this work is also inspired by some of international methodological tools created specifically to measure the behavior associated with the alcohol and allow a respondent self-reflection. Completed methodological tool is tested first at piloting and pilot interviews with respondents, followed by pilot probe conducted on a larger sample of the target population, and according to them is further adjusted in terms of reliability and validity to the final form, which should already be fully usable in a practical research and investigation testify about the specific causes of socialization that influence or give rise...
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We can do it! Labor force participation of women in USA during Great Depression and World War II
Habětínková, Barbora ; Szobi, Pavel (advisor) ; Johnson, Zdenka (referee)
My final thesis deals with women's employment in USA and its changes during two historical moments of the World War II and Great Depression. Because of the continuous changes in this area an analysis of historical trends is a valuable source of information for understanding these changes. For a correct understanding of the influence of chosen historical periods the beginning of the thesis deals with an analysis of the situation before these periods. In the main part one chapter deals with the period of Great Depression, when women faced the pressure of the society to leave the labor market and leave the jobs to men, as to a main breadwinners. Next chapter describes trends during the World War II, when women work was promoted and the pressure was in the opposite direction. The last chapter analyzes a situation after the war and an impact of the World War II in both the short and long term. Special attention is given to two groups of women, married and Afro-American. These groups were influenced in given periods in a specific way. The reason why is mostly social norms within married women and disadvantages position of the Afro-American women in a labor market within this group. Aim of the thesis is not only description of the trends but also deeper analysis of governmental approaches, economical factors and social norms and it's interdependence and causality. From the trends we can see that changes in women's employment were strongly influenced by economic situation of the country and that social norms were able to adapt to these economic circumstances in a short term. In long term they were constant.
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Social Norms and Etiquette in Business Relations
Tetenková, Pavla ; Novotná, Eliška (advisor) ; Míková, Irena (referee)
This thesis is concerned with the problems of social standards and etiquette. The purpose of this thesis is to provide the most important information that will consequently help the reader with his orientation in complicated problems of the social life, especially in the business field. The thesis consists of two main parts. The first part briefly introduces the issue of social standards and also social concepts relativ to social deviation. The other part is concerned with etiquette, both it's history and basic rules, and a special attention is paid to the business etiquette The theoretical parts are enriched by practical examples of foreign customs and their comparison. There are also results of an empirical research attached. The research explores the knowledge of the "everyday etiquette" by the grammar school students.
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Current social pathology and its image in the work of E. Durkheim
VALICSEK, Martin
The aim of this paper is to acquaint the reader with the problems of socially pathological phenomena and theoretical approaches to the study of the phenomena. This is mainly theoretical content of the text. In the practical part, the author attempts to challenge social pathology to look somewhat less typical optics. Reveals a possible link between socio-pathological manifestations and forms of contemporary work . Émile Durkheim, respectively work in which the issues of their time engaged , the writer served as an imaginary point that both the mouth of the introductory chapter the practical part, which is also a kind of springboard for subsequent chronological shift toward the presence and characteristics of work that are typical of the current organized form . The aim of the author is also to point out the still current Durkheim reflection on the relationship between certain types of work and socio-pathological phenomena . The author of the text places significant emphasis on the historical and economic context of the transformation of work and trying to also capture the essential features of the thinking was typical of the period in which E. Durkheim formed. Much of the space is devoted to contemporary neoliberalism or phenomena associated with postmodernism, their relationship and access to socio- pathological phenomena.
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Behavioral economics - how anchor affects demand
PODHOROVÁ, Nikola
My bachelor thesis is focused on behavioral economics. Behavioral economics are based on psychology, sociology and economics. One chapter is dedicated to the psycho-logical direction - behaviorism. I'm interested in the topic: how to anchor affects demand. In my thesis examine the theory in practice, the goal of the experiment is to prove whether people, that they really let anchor to affect them. I called 120 respondents, whose were divided into two groups, each group had its own version of the questionnaire. Each version was equipped with different primary anchor, which causes groups have different results. Both questionnaires contained the same four questions. The data are processed in the STATISTICA program with using ANOVA. Type the questionnaire with which related primary anchor, influenced respondents offered prices. The first questionnaire had the primary anchor wedding ring and a the second one had massage. But it also happened, that some respondents did not offer anything. Naming a star for them are worthless. The issues that included questionnaires, had an impact on the decision-making level of education and the latter type of questionnaire. For other questions failed to demonstrate that they have influences on decision-making.
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The class climate of the first-year of secondary schools depending on the adaptation course
PYTLÍKOVÁ, Anna
The work deals with the comparison of classes that have taken part in an adaptation course to those that have not. The theoretical part describes a class as a small social group and refers to its structure. It also deals with group dynamics and explains developmental stages of a small social group. Further, the theoretical part of the thesis focuses on class climate, environment and atmosphere. It describes the adaptation course and defines its aims as well. The practical part of the thesis contains a description and an analysis of questionnaires that were assigned to the first year classes of the four-year grammar schools in the early days of the school year 2011/2012 and in the beginning of November the same year. Based on the analysis of questionnaires, this part also deals with identifying differences among these classes. It points out that the differences among these classes are small but, nevertheless, the adaptation courses are of benefit to the whole class.
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