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Altruistic behavior and its connection with economic climate
Šarapatka, Jan ; Hlaváček, Jiří (advisor) ; Jašová, Martina (referee)
This bachelor thesis aims to research and summarize the main thoughts of altruism. The thesis concludes that human expression of altruistic behavior is a result of many incentives, which author of the thesis suggests to split in external and internal motives. The thesis justifies view that altruistic behavior can be, except few exceptions, considered as rational. The thesis proves statement that neither CSR nor altruism of state can be considered to be altruistic in the true meaning. At the end, a new version of definition of altruism is suggested. The new version adds an extra condition of selflessness. Thus, the new version does not consider behavior motivated by cold economic calculus or pure reciprocity to be altruistic, even though it often might appear to be altruistic at a first glance. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Patočka and Modernity: a study of Patočka's dialogue with Max Weber and its importance in the context of contemporary civilizational analysis
Homolka, Jakub ; Arnason, Johann Pall (advisor) ; Skovajsa, Marek (referee) ; Cajthaml, Martin (referee)
Patočka and Modernity Jakub Homolka Abstract: This thesis deals with the work of Jan Patočka (1907-1977), probably the most important Czech philosopher of the twentieth century, and with his understanding of modernity. More precisely, the thesis focuses on Patočka's work from the perspective of contemporary civilizational analysis, which leads our attention especially to Patočka's dialogue with the work of the German sociologist Max Weber (1864-1920). The thesis is divided into three parts. The first part introduces Patočka's work in general; it summarizes the situation of Patočka's heritage, subsuming existing findings and future challenges. The second part discusses the perspective of civilizational analysis, a subdiscipline of contemporary historical sociology, and explains the link between this field of research and Patočka's work. Finally, the third part presents an interpretation of Patočka's work which emphasizes the very perspective of civilizational analysis: the focus is on Patočka's dialogue with Weber's work, which is most notably expressed in the philosopher's idea of "rational civilization". In this way, the thesis contributes to the existing interpretations of Patočka's work as well as to the discussions of the theoretical concept of civilizational analysis. Key words: Jan Patočka; Max Weber;...
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Intersubjectivity of economic knowledge: Ukraine and Czechia
Kolomoiets, Maksym ; Hájek, Martin (advisor) ; Blokker, Paulus Albertus (referee)
Topic of work is an intersubjectivity of economic knowledge. Work is descriving the process, how is intersubjective economic knowledge may be manifested and legitimized in speech by lay individuals. In general, knowledge is presented as created, redacted and legitimized during the process of speech as an ongoing activity, intersubjective symbols are used as tools to proclaim itself. In the theoretical part, broad overview of sociological theories of knowledge are presented, and the research question was conceptualized by the terms of constructivist approach of Berger and Luckmann. Lay knowledge was manifested as mix of referring four modes of reasoning: economical rationality, societal rationality, habitual and doxic knowledge, discourses. Overemphasizing one of the mods leads to reducing the legitimity of manifestation, the process of balancing between modes is described. In addition, paper proposes suggestion of differences in intersubjective knowledge between Ukraine and Czechs, and discusses the possibilities of further research.
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The thinking and belief of Otakar A. Funda
Kovářová, Zdenka ; Sousedík, Prokop (advisor) ; Svoboda, David (referee)
1 UNIVERZITA KARLOVA KATOLICKÁ TEOLOGICKÁ FAKULTA Katedra teologické etiky a spirituální teologie Zdenka Kovářová Myšlení a víra Otakara A. Fundy Diplomová práce Vedoucí práce: Mgr. Ing. Prokop Sousedík, PhD. Praha 2018 2 Abstract This diploma thesis critically analyses the thinking of professor O. A. Funda who's work contributes to the problem of secularisation and moral resurgence. The work is divided into three parts, where the first section is presenting Funda's life as a whole picture, showing how his work developed over time, and introducing thinkers who influenced him. It is the second part that presents his thinking in depth on the back of two main subjects of his interests: rationality and transcendence. The last part is a critical analysis with the objective to evaluate whether or not professor managed to overcome the model rationality/transcendence with his own key: reality = complexity of complementarities and components in correlation, in continuity and in context. Keywords ethics, culture, Christianity, God, responsibility, belief, rationality, objectivity, humanity, life, existence, world, freedom, goodness, religion.
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Game theory and rational decision-maker
Plaček, Vilém ; Dlouhý, Martin (advisor) ; Sekničková, Jana (referee)
View of rational choice in coherence with ultimatum game. Rational choice theory adjusted by joining behavioral economics to better comprehend decision-making processes. In this thesis I focus on researching strong influences using multiple simple games. Namely: ultimatum game, dictator game and modifications of previous. They will be carried out by online questionnaire. Next step will be analysis of components to determine significant ones and impact of game's modifications. I assume that decision-maker's rationality will be disproven. This thesis will continue with assessing influence of risk and fear of loss. Goal is to gather enough of detailed data about motivations and participants in order to perform analysis and establish statistically significant influences.
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Rational Irrationality in the USA
Kleňha, Jan ; Kozák, Kryštof (advisor) ; Calda, Miloš (referee)
In this thesis, the theory of rational irrationality is used to explore the incentives behind seemingly irrational beliefs held by a large part of the contemporary American society towards anthropogenic climate change. Applying causal analysis, three questions are answered: "is it rationally irrational for people to be indifferent towards climate change?" "Are Americans inherently more likely than others to hold irrational beliefs about global issues such as climate change?" If so, "is this phenomenon rooted in certain values that constitute the American identity?" The author focuses on specific "American values" and uses statistics and recent empirical studies to find correlations and causality between those values and the exhibited behavior of individuals, while discussing its possible causes and implications. The study concludes that the root cause of irresponsibility of the American citizen towards climate change is a lack of social mechanisms rewarding individuals for holding epistemologically accurate beliefs. The author then proposes a set of general measures to be prioritized in order to improve social reward mechanisms in the American society. If implemented, those measures should be able to effectively enforce epistemic rationality in the U.S. political debate, which is desirable...
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The Book "The religious sense" as a tool for the first evangelization
Bechyňová, Lenka ; Dřímal, Ludvík (advisor) ; Opatrný, Aleš (referee)
A Book Religious sense as an Aid on the Path to Religion? The main theme of the bachelor's thesis is a book Il senso religioso (The Religious Sense). It is the first volume of a trilogy PerCorso (The Way) by an Italian priest, theologian, and teacher Don Luigi Giussani. The first part of the thesis depicts the author's biography and the time period he lived in. The second part describes the book Il senso religioso in more detail, and it gives information about its origin and the first edition as well. Subsequently, an analysis and synthesis of the book follow. The focus is put on the main thoughts of this book. In the third part, results of a short questionnaire are incorporated. In the end, based on the results, it is assessed, whether this book could be seen in today's society as an aid to those, who are looking for answers regarding the meaning of life and belief in God.
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