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Optimalised indications for microsurgical and endovascular treatment of intracranial aneurysms.
Štekláčová, Anna ; Beneš, Vladimír (advisor) ; Přibáň, Vladimír (referee) ; Zvěřina, Eduard (referee)
Univerzita Karlova v Praze 1. lékařská fakulta Autoreferát disertační práce Optimalizace indikací chirurgického a endovaskulárního ošetření intrakraniálních aneurysmat Anna Štekláčová 2018 2 Doktorské studijní programy v biomedicíně Univerzita Karlova v Praze a Akademie věd České republiky Obor: Neurovědy Předseda oborové rady: Prof. MUDr. Karel Šonka, DrSc. Školicí pracoviště: Neurochirurgická a neuroonkologická klinika 1. LF UK a ÚVN, Praha Školitel: Prof. MUDr. Vladimír Beneš, DrSc. Disertační práce bude nejméně pět pracovních dnů před konáním obhajoby zveřejněna k nahlížení veřejnosti v tištěné podobě na Oddělení pro vědeckou činnost a zahraniční styky Děkanátu 1. lékařské fakulty. 3 Obsah Abstrakt - Česky ..................................................................................... 4 Abstract - English ................................................................................... 5 Úvod........................................................................................................ 6 Hypotézy a cíle studie............................................................................. 6 Materiál a metody ................................................................................... 7 Výsledky...
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A Meta-Analysis of the Estimates of the Armington Elasticity
Bajzík, Josef ; Havránek, Tomáš (advisor) ; Polák, Petr (referee)
Josef Bajzík Abstract We examine determinants of Armington elasticities throughout history and nations employing 3,524 observations from 42 studies. We conduct meta-analysis using Bayesian model averaging approach to test the most influential factors. We explore more than 30 variables and compare our results with previous summarizing articles. In this thesis is, for instance, the first comparison of employment of different type of models in this area. Finally, we find out that the level of aggregation of the data used for estimation matters as well as the power of the currency. On the other hand, we discover that there is no significant distinction between long-run and short-run estimates. Moreover, we test for publication bias and we find evidence for it in this field.
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Variability of home ranges and territory sizes in birds
Holubová, Kateřina ; Storch, David (advisor) ; Sedláček, Ondřej (referee)
Territories and home-ranges are the smallest spatial units of species' presence in a landscape and they determine in what ways and on what scales animals perceive and use their environments. Their sufficient sizes encompassing enough resources are critical for survival and reproduction of individuals. Processes and factors affecting territory and home-range sizes therefore belong to fundamental ecological issues. Despite its importance, the knowledge of variation in avian territory and home-range size at large spatial scales is poor. So far it has comprised mainly the findings that the used area is determined by individual's energetic demands, dependent on body size and diet type, and by environmental productivity. Therefore, the aim of this thesis was to use data gathered from available literature to describe the variation in territory and home-range size of birds. I was curious what was the nature of territory and home-range size frequency distribution; whether the sizes were species-specific and whether and how these sizes were affected (beside the body mass and diet type) by various environmental characteristics, such as latitude, temperature, precipitation, seasonality, altitude and habitat type. I have found that the territory and home-range size frequency distribution is approximately...
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Long-term population trends of birds in North America and Europe: a metaanalysis of existing studies
Říhová, Jana ; Reif, Jiří (advisor) ; Voříšek, Petr (referee)
Since the beginning of the last century there have been significant changes in the environment, farming and the landscape structure. Because birds are one of the longest- studied groups of organisms and are considered to be good indicators of environmental quality, it is advisable to relate environmental changes to changes in bird abundance. Understanding these relationships enables better and more accurate formulation of conservation plans and priorities, and therefore a large number of studies were dedicated to them. Although these studies achieved great progress in the knowledge of the most important factors that affect bird populations, their findings remained somewhat incomplete and fragmentary due to their limited temporal and/or spatial coverage. Therefore, it was not entirely clear which patterns are general and which are confined to some specific regional conditions. The fill this knowledge gap, I collected all studies on long-term trends in bird abundance in Europe and North America, which I was aware of, and made a meta-analysis of their results. Using linear mixed-effects models, I found a significant decrease in open-habitat species, probably as a result of agricultural intensification and abandonment of agricultural land. This pattern was consistent regardless of region or time period...
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The Effect of Distance on International Trade: A Meta-Analysis
Tlustá, Anna ; Havránek, Tomáš (advisor) ; Zeynalov, Ayaz (referee)
Over the time the effect of distance has became an essential component for understanding international trade flows. The main goal of my bachelor thesis is to collect specific data from each study concerning the distance effect and design meta-analysis based on this dataset. I build my work on the data published by Anne-Celia Disdier and Keith Head (The puzzling persistence of the distance effect on bilateral trade) that were relevant in 2006. I examine 1470 estimates reported in 130 studies. Since the previous meta-analysis does not include all required methods to reveal the publication bias, I focus mainly on this issue by incorporating all the appropriate tests. Finally, I disprove the argument that distance effects on bilateral trade decline over time and I explain the presence of heterogeneity among the estimates. 1
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Price Elasticity of Alcohol Demand: A Meta-Analysis
Fanta, Nicolas ; Havránek, Tomáš (advisor) ; Zeynalov, Ayaz (referee)
The own-price elasticity is considered to be one of the key factors describing the demand for alcohol. There have been many estimates computed by now but only a few studies tried to analyse them. The aim of this meta-analysis is to discover more about the eventual effects that publication bias might have in the alcohol-related literature. The first part describes the various types of elasticities and the methods of estimation. This study is estimating the so called true effect elasticity in order to show how elastic the demand for alcoholic beverages is. As there are many ways how to estimate the elasticities it is also analysed if different approaches to the estimation lead to different results. The use of modern meta- analytical methods leads to significantly different results from the ones of previous meta-analyses. The estimated true effects yields new evidence that the demand for alcoholic beverages might be perfectly inelastic. Evidence of publication bias is quite strong and it appears that the economics research cycle hypothesis is also valid.
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Applications of dendrochronology in hydrology and fluvial geomorphology
Šálek, Oldřich ; Treml, Václav (advisor) ; Svoboda, Pavel (referee)
Hydrological phenomena are natural processes that shape the landscape around us in the long-term and in some cases threaten our property or health. Dendrochronology is one of the methods of research of these phenomena and reconstruction of past hydrological events, that can be then used to predict and plan security measures in the future. The possibility of using a variety of dendrochronological methods in applied research, we can see in the meta-analysis of scientific studies available in electronic and printed form. The main finding of meta-analysis is a significant geographical disproportion in dendrohydrological survey. It also introduces a wide range of indicators, which are observed in various hydrological phenomena and also demonstrates application of dendrohydrological methods on specific studies.
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Context of agenda-setting in the context of Czech media studies
Nečas, Vlastimil ; Jirák, Jan (advisor) ; Just, Petr (referee) ; Šubrt, Jiří (referee)
This dissertation thesis follows from a wide stream of considerations of the relationship between the mass media, public and politics; in particular detail, it deals with a specific concept which attempts to grasp, model and empirically examine this relationship. The main goals of the thesis can be in short divided into two interrelated areas. The first aim is to introduce the concept of agenda setting to the Czech academic environment, with its theoretical, terminological and research frame for an analysis of relationships between the mass media content, dynamics of public opinion, and the political sphere. The second aim is to analyze how agenda setting processes are theoretically grounded and studied in the Czech social studies. The theoretical part of the thesis is structured according to two perspectives: diachronic and synchronic. In the diachronic perspective, I try to grasp the social context and historical origins of agenda-setting as a concept, its development, main trends, and developmental lines. This way, I move forward to the synchronic perspective and describe academic grounding of agenda-setting; I give a detailed analysis of the present level of the agenda-setting research and the main research areas through available classifications. The second fundamental area of the dissertation consists...
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