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Problem solving in the last 20 years
Micková, Hana ; Heller, Daniel (advisor) ; Stehlík, Luděk (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals with the phenomenon of problem solving focusing on last twenty years. The theoretical aim of this work is to describe issues of problem solving in the selected psychological areas as cognitive psychology, personality psychology, social psychology and applied discipline psychotherapy. In chapter "Problem solving in Cognitive Psychology" the phenomenon of problem solving and other connected terms (algorithms, heuristics, knowledge-poor problems, knowledge-rich problems, etc.) are defined. Further chapters are focused on subtopics linked to the phenomenon of problem solving: in the chapter " personality psychology " these are personality traits and types of problem solvers, in the chapter "social psychology" these are conflict as kind of problem and problem solving by small group, in the chapter "psychotherapy" these are different types of therapies focused on problem solving. In the second part of this work the research proposal is described according to the previous knowledges. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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The use of lateral thinking for solving company problems
Jaroš, Aleš ; Mužík, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Šerák, Michal (referee)
With creative thinking we can identify general methods of problem solving, look at real life from another point of view. The method of 6 Thinking Hats is one of the creative ways to do so. The aim of this thesis is a complex review of using this method when solving a problem in a group. It tries to show creative thinking by which the group should get a certain outcome in solving the problem. The thesis analyses thoroughly all the parts of the 6 Hats method, and at the same time, it tries to view other perspectives on the workings of the method. A significant part of the thesis is aimed at the instructor, who decides to use this particular method, and his work. It should be an instrument to use for application of the 6 Thinking Hats method on a specific company problem.
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Problem posing for limits of functions
Prskavcová, Pavla ; Pilous, Derek (advisor) ; Kvasz, Ladislav (referee)
Title: Problem posing for limits of functions Author: Pavla Prskavcová Department: Department of Mathematics and Mathematical Education Supervisor: Mgr. Derek Pilous, Ph.D. The aim of the thesis is to describe methods of limit problems solving and of posing new problems that are solvable by those methods. The first part of the thesis contains the necessary theory (definitions and theorems). In the second part of the thesis there are described the standard methods used for evaluating containing limits. The third part suggest ways of posing problems solvable by using elementary methods, based on the analysis of methods describes in the se- cond part of the thesis (without usage of the differential calculus). Keywords: limit, problem solving, problem posing, elementary function.
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Mental Health Care i the Czech Republic: Problems and solutions
Skalník, Michal ; Veselý, Arnošt (advisor) ; Háva, Petr (referee)
Problems of mental health care in the Czech republic have been defined in the early nineties. Yet after nineteen years of progress in this area, these problems are still major topics in mental health care policy documents. Main purpose of diploma paper is therefore to analyse mental health care problems and at the same time also might-be solutions. Mental health care problems definitions as conceptualized in mental helth care policy documents are found to be plausible. Though the amount of supportive data is sufficent, there are differences in decisiveness of some arguments. Available solutions are brought up and described in various manners in order to show their own logic, rules and after all their usability. Final conclusions consider the roles and responsiblities of various policy actors.
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Interpretation of physics graphs by experts and novices followed by the eye-tracker
Vondráčková, Terézia ; Kekule, Martina (advisor) ; Mandíková, Dana (referee)
This thesis is focused on identifying key aspects of mechanics graphs regarded by students and experts. It also contains observations of student's attention focused on each graph. This data was collected using eye tracking camera. 23 high school students and 14 experts participated in this research. Our group of experts contained graduate and post-graduate students as well as researchers from faculty of Mathematics and Physics at Charles University. Our results suggest that experts were able to memorize more information from each graph than high school students. Difference in focus on relevant parts of graphs was obvious from analyzing correct and incorrect answers of high school students and they consider axes and their labeling as the key parts of graphs in contrast to the students. Incorrectly answering students were more focused on parts with no relevance to the task in question. On the contrary, students with correct answers spent less time looking on non-relevant parts of graphs. Ideas of incorrectly answering students were mostly focused on wrong idea about graph as a sketch of real situation, or picture resembling physical situation.
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Pupil's personality and solving problems of school mathematics by heuristic strategies
Škutová, Markéta ; Novotná, Jarmila (advisor) ; Pilous, Derek (referee)
Title: Pupil's personality and solving problems of school Mathematics by heuristic strategies Author: Mgr. Markéta Škutová Supervisor: prof. RNDr. Jarmila Novotná, CSc This thesis deals with the relationship between the type of pupil's personality in the dimension of information reception and their ways of solving problems of school Mathematics with the use of heuristic strategies at the lower secondary education of basic school and in the corresponding years of grammar schools. The theoretical part summarizes the knowledge of heuristic strategies in the teaching of mathematics at the lower secondary education of basic school and their application on examples. Furthermore, the theoretical basis of type theory and its use in education is explained. In the practical part the results of the typological questionnaire are presented and an extensive qualitative analysis of the student's problem solving is offered. The resulting findings are supported by concrete examples of students' solutions. In this diploma thesis, there is evidence that the intuitive pupils use the heuristic strategies of problem solving more often than the sensory pupils and are more successful in solving non-traditional tasks. Keywords: heuristic strategies, MBTI, type theory, problem solving
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High school students' interpretation of a graph from mechanics observed by the eye-tracking method
Vondráčková, Terézia ; Kekule, Martina (advisor) ; Snětinová, Marie (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals with the solution of tasks monitored by the eye-tracker. We were examining high school students who solved 6 tasks focused on the interpretation of a graph in mechanics. They were monitored by the eye-tracker during their solving of the tasks. Based on their recorder eyes' position we can figure out their strategies of solution. We identified several typical misconceptions when working with graphs and typical students' approaches to the graph interpretation. Information about this topic can be useful, for example, to teachers for their future teaching.
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Demonstrational Program for IZU Course
Hreha, Tomáš ; Šůstek, Martin (referee) ; Zbořil, František (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals with the design of application for visualization of fundamental algorithms of artificial intelligence. The first part describes theoretical part of implemented topics and methods, next part briefly describes used technologies, reasons why they were used and their practical usage in context of result application. The next part is dedicated to user interface, its main components and describes ways how application interacts with user and how user can interact with application. The last part contains comparison with original demo applications and summarize results of application testing.
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