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Fake news a nástroje jejich odhalování
HAVELCOVÁ, Tereza
In response to the increasing danger connected to the issue of the spread of fake news the thesis focuses on the distinction of terms associated with the fake news phenomenon (fake news, disinformation, hoax, conspiracy, manipulation, propaganda etc.), introduces different types of news media (traditional media, alternative media, fake news sites and social media). The thesis further states potential reasons for the mistrust in mainstream media as a possible cause of the recipients' inclination to alternative sources. In response to the increasing number of information coming from different types of news sources, there is a growing need to verify this information, thus the key competencies (critical thinking and media literacy) in the fight against the fake news are introduced. The thesis further elaborates the issue of automatic verification (along with its effectiveness) of news on the internet. Online applications exposing fake news sites are subjected to research in comparative analysis. The results of the examination highlight some of their imperfections that online tools contend.
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Analýza zranitelnosti MQTT protokolu s důrazem na chybnou implementaci brokerů
FILIP, Ondřej
The master thesis deals with the identification and analysis of vulnerabilities in the implementation of the MQTT protocol with a focus on the central node of the communication system called the broker. Theoretical background and a survey of the current state of security of public brokers provide knowledge used to create a methodological approach to vulnerability analysis. The focus of this analysis is the insufficiently secure deployment of the broker. For identified vulnerabilities and classified threats, specific security measures are designed and recommended to help create sufficiently secure MQTT applications. The final comparative analysis of brokers provides the basis for selecting a suitable implementation of the broker.
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Medial Picture and Coverage of Homelesses During Covid- 19 Crisis
Dařílek, Jan ; Křeček, Jan (advisor) ; Soukup, Martin (referee)
The diploma thesis covers the media image of the homelessness of one year before the outbreak of the coronavirus crisis (March 1st, 2019 to February 28th, 2020) and one year during the coronavirus crisis (March 1st, 2020 to February 28th, 2021). The key part of the thesis is the research itself, based mainly on the foreign studies of Moira J. Calder (et al., 2011), Carole Zufferey (2008; 2010; 2014) and Mao (et al., 2012). In the text are summarized almost all studies related to the media and homelessness in the Czech Republic (Kadeřávek, 2016; Stuhlíková, 2011; Košťálová, 2013; Kronika, 2011; Balcar, 2014; Aujezdský, 2014; Malík, 2011 2018; Hejnal, 2012). The research method used is a quantitative content media analysis, the result is a description of the media image. Examined were the internet news articles of the three most popular public sphere media - ČT24.cz; iRozhlas.cz; České noviny.cz and three private sphere media - Novinky.cz; iDnes.cz; Aktuálně.cz. The diploma thesis firstly focuses on the first period, then the second period, in which it analyzes and compares the media image of homelessness between public and private media, and finally compares the media image of homelessness before the beginning of the crisis and during the crisis. This study provides a key element in studying and...
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Comparative Analysis of Comments under Articles on Sexualized Violence on Czech News Online Servers
Vlčková, Tereza ; Vochocová, Lenka (advisor) ; Reifová, Irena (referee)
This diploma thesis deals with a comparative analysis of comments under articles about sexualized violence on the Czech online news servers iDNES.cz and novinky.cz. The theoretical part describes gender-based violence and sexualized violence and deals with the definition of the act itself as well as definitions of the victims and the perpetrators. It also describes the process of victimization and the myths of sexualized violence, which it analyses in detail based on selected literature. Next comes the issue of new media, which enable users to actively participate in the creation of content, and therefore also in writing comments. Subsequently, the phenomenon of online uncivil behaviour, cyberviolence and hate speech is described. This is followed by a related chapter on online gender-based and sexualized violence and an overview of research on this topic. The methodological part describes the chosen methods of quantitative and qualitative analysis. The following is a description of the profiles of the selected servers iDNES.cz and novinky.cz, as well as the biggest cases of sexualized violence for the year 2021. The analytical part, using a quantitative and qualitative analysis, then summarizes the most frequent trends and discourses that appear in the comments of a selected sample of articles...
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The specifics of television road cycling commentary - comparative analysis of linguistic features used in live streams from the Tour de France
Tinková, Alexandra ; Svobodová, Ivana (advisor) ; Schneiderová, Soňa (referee)
The main goal of this work is to analyze the linguistic features of road cycling commentary, as used by the Czech television's commentator Tomáš Jílek, and to observe the changes, that may have occurred in the ten years, that Czech television broadcasts the cycling race of Tour de France. The author firstly focuses on Czech linguistic theory, follows up with the theory of sports journalism and describes the specifics of spoken language used in the journalistic field. Furthermore, the author specifies concrete linguistic features, on which she then focuses in the analysis. The theoretical findings are thereafter applied and demonstrated in the analytic part of the work, which is focused on two race days selected from the Tour de France. Last but not least, the author compares the linguistic aspects of both commentaries and states other interesting outcomes of the analysis.
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Detection of repetitive sequences in genomes
Puterová, Janka ; Jedlička, Pavel (referee) ; Kléma, Jiří (referee) ; Zendulka, Jaroslav (advisor)
Repetitivní sekvence mohou tvořit významnou část genomu, v některých případech více než 80%, která však bývala vědci často přehlížena. Dnes je známo, že repetice mají v genomu různé funkce a rozdělují se na dvě hlavní skupiny: rozptýlené a tandemové repetice. Cílem této práce bylo vytvoření bioinformatických nástrojů pro detekci repetic, ať už přímo ze sekvenačních dat generovaných sekvenátory, nebo ze sestavených genomů. V úvodní části práce poskytuje náhled do problematiky a přehled typů repetic vyskytujících se v genomech. Dále se práce zabývá stávajícími přístupy a nástroji zaměřenými na identifikaci repetic přímo ze sestavených sekvencí. Hlavním přínosem do této oblasti bylo vytvoření nástroje digIS, který se zaměřuje na detekci inserčních sekvencí, které přestavují nejhojněji se vyskytující rozptýlené repetice u prokaryot. digIS je založen na principu profilových skrytých Markovových modelů zkonstruovaných pro katalytické domény transpozáz, které představují nejkonzervativnější část inserčních sekvencí a zachovávají si sekundární strukturu v rámci rodiny. Následně práce poskytuje přehled sekvenačních technologií a rozebírá stávající metody pro detekci repetic přímo ze sekvenačních dat, bez nutnosti procházejícího sestavení genomu. Je představen nový přístup pro detailní analýzu tandemových repetic. Tento přístup rozšiřuje základní analýzu nástroje RepeatExplorer, který detekuje a charakterizuje repetice přímo ze sekvenačních dat. Práce dále diskutuje aplikace detekce repetic v biologickém výzkumu zejména z pohledu srovnávacích studií repeatomu a evoluce pohlavních chromozomů. V závěrečné části práce poskytuje souhrn dosažených výsledků výzkumu v podobě čtyř článků publikovaných v mezinárodních časopisech, jejichž plné znění je dostupné v přílohách, a celkové shrnutí práce a možnosti budoucího výzkumu.
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Factors of Success of FARC and ETA Terrorist Groups: A Comparative Analysis
Kopečný, Ondřej ; Ditrych, Ondřej (advisor) ; Svitková, Katarína (referee)
This work elaborates on historiographical contextual analysis of establishment and consolidation of terrorist groups ETA and FARC, while focusing on identifying and analysis of set of factors, which led to the respective groups constitution. These factors are then examined and compared in the thesis presented. Author then concludes generalness or alternatively contextual character of findings on factors. Examined groups emerged from extensively differing contexts, which contributes to the posibility of following a linking to possible general validit of the factors. Emphasis is being put especially on political, social, economical and identitary premises of the groups establishment.
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