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Socrates
KAVKOVÁ, Lenka
This bachelor thesis is focused on the person of the famous Greek philosopher Socrates. In the work is presented the life of Socrates and the context of the time. Subsequently, Socrates is introduced through four important authors - Plato, Xenophon, Aristotle, Aristophanes and their works. This bachelor's thesis combines the portraits of Socrates based on the works of the above-mentioned authors, who try to capture the character of Socrates in their subjective style. At the end of the bachelor thesis is presented the subjective profile of Socrates created by the author, this profile is based on the knowledge of primary and secondary literature.
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Categorial Ontology Introduced by Aristotle and Edward Jonathan Lowe.
PRIEHRADNÁ, Markéta
This thesis aims to compare two ontologies regarding their ontological status of universals, namely the Aristotle's one and the Lowe's one. The first part deals with the extension of research of the being, in which the problem of universals plays a key role. The following chapters analyse the ontologies of Aristotle and Lowe with respect to their individual deficiencies. The last section compares the acquired data and describes the differences between the two ontologies. In Aristotle's approach these seem to be the ten categories of the basic entities, while in Lowe's approach there are four categories from the ontological square which may be qualified as basic beings. The last section also deals with other differences of the two ontologies, such as hylomorphism and the connection between universals and particulars.
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Oligarchy as a Political Regime in Aristotle and in Contemporary Politics
Novozhilov, Veniamin Igorevich ; Salamon, Janusz (advisor) ; Franěk, Jakub (referee)
The author of this thesis will analyze the idea of oligarchy and how it changed throughout the years, starting from the times of Aristotle, one of the first political philosophers who dedicated his time and research the topic, to contemporary definition of oligarchy as it is viewed by modern political thinkers. This thesis will also look at whether the country of the Russian Federation would fall under the category of an oligarchy, this is relevant as this country has been labeled with the term oligarchy more than others in contemporary society.
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Polis between Plato's and Aristotle's philosofy
Nikl, Lukáš ; Milko, Pavel (advisor) ; Hogenová, Anna (referee)
In my work I tried to expain the determinations and methods of the main filosophical thoughts of Plato and Aristotle. Both of them lived in hard times of ancient Greece, in different crisis of polis, and that had signifiantly influenced their thinking, their lives, their work. Although the times has changed, between their appearance and the methods of thinking also. Of course we can find a mythical core in both philosophies, but the diference between Platoʼs round embrace of universe with using the combination of methods of thinking of those times on the one side, and the Aristotleʼs scientific methods based in his specific methaphysics, is significant for the changes, which appeared. Both of them tries to reform the political, social, and onthological thinking. But each of them are trying to change different one. Plato the thinking in the centre of polis suffering under the crisis of elites, and Aristotle the polis during the Makedonian invasion. Of course we can not use their models of thinking in contempomparary philosophy as such, but we can find various contemporary themes in which the knowledge of their thinking would be useful.
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The truth of future contingent propositions as a logical and philosophical problem
Kolínská, Marie ; Svoboda, Vladimír (advisor) ; Bendová, Kamila (referee)
According to some logicians and philosophers, future contingent propositions pose a specific problem. Many of those who look into this problem now and those who looked into it (even hundreds) years ago, refer to Aristotle. Nevertheless not in agreement. Our aim is to give an overview of traditional and non-traditional interpretations of the part of Aristotle's work which deals with this issue. On the basis of their comparison we will try to uncover what causes the variety of readings. That will allow us to assess whether the truth of future contingent propositions really is a specific problem and what is its actual nature.
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The Sophists as seen by Plato and Aristotle, and their reappraisal by Hegel
Dovhoruk, Ivanna ; Thein, Karel (advisor) ; Jinek, Jakub (referee)
This work is an inquiry of the original traces of negative and positive criticism of the sophists. Through the interpretation of the relevant passages in selected works of Plato, Aristotle and Hegel we will try to seize the main reasons that have led these thinkers to the rejection of sophistry, or for its appreciation. Thence, there will not be taken into account the Sophists as a philosophical phenomenon, but what Plato, Aristotle and Hegel say about them. At the same time we give up all criticism and evaluation, because we do not want to seek advantages and disadvantages of these opinions; we just want to know what they are. The first chapter includes four interpretations of Plato's dialogues Protagoras, Gorgias, Sophist and Euthydemus. In the second chapter we will try through the Aristotle's reading of the first fifteen chapters of his writings Sophistical Refutations seize the reasons for his adverse assessment of the Sophists. The third chapter examines Hegel's appreciation of sophistry, which results from his conception of the history of philosophy as a necessary process of evolution in his Lectures on the History of Philosophy. In the conclusion the results of inquiry and overall summary will be presented.
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Human being by Ibn Rushd and Maimonides
Kopecká, Pavlína ; Hogenová, Anna (advisor) ; Rybák, David (referee)
This thesis interprets the concept of human being in the work of Maimonides and ibn Rushd, two representatives of major Arab and Jewish medieval philosophy. It combines the ancient Greek philosophical tradition, especially Aristotle, with a religious context. When Maimonides and Ibn Rushd tried to harmonize these two traditions, they had to deal with many opposite views, that stemmed from the difference between religious and ancient world. Behind this intellectual ground have they created the original thesis and approaches to grasping reality, the world and the human being in it. The issue of human being is analyzed in three levels. The first level consists of the relationship between human being and creation, which addresses the question about origin of the world the human soul and the resurrection. The second level, i.e. the man and the world, is devoted to describing a scheme of the world, human knowledge and the theory of prophecy. Ethical and political views are analyzed on the third level, which represents the position of human being in relation to the polis. Keywords Ibn Rushd, Maimonides, Aristotle, Plato, neoplatonism, philosophy, religion, The Koran, Torah, human being, world, creation, eternity, soul, resurrection, emanation, knowledge, illumination, active intellect, prophecy, politics,...
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