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Electronic legal transactions with a focus on a simple electronic signature
Švejda, Jiří ; Elischer, David (advisor) ; Zvára, Michael (referee)
Electronic legal transactions with a focus on simple electronic signatures Abstract The thesis is divided into six chapters. The first chapter consists of an introduction. The second chapter presents the general regulation and the meaning of the signature with a brief historical background necessary to assess the possible applicability of earlier conclusions to the current legal regulation. The third chapter is devoted to the current regulation and individual types of electronic signatures, i.e. the division into qualified electronic signature, advanced electronic signature and simple electronic signature and the Czech specificity in the form of advanced electronic signature based on a qualified certificate for electronic signatures, commonly known as recognised electronic signature. The chapter also concludes with a discussion of biometric signature, which is increasingly used in practice. The fourth chapter deals with the written form of legal transactions, i.e. a detailed analysis of the Sections 561 and 562 of the Civil Code, including their interrelation. Furthermore, aspects of digital continuity in higher levels of electronic signatures and their comparison with simple electronic signature are discussed. In the last part of the chapter, different types of electronic contracts and the differences...
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Virus interaction with the cellular DNA damage response
Lemberková, Eva ; Šroller, Vojtěch (advisor) ; Kadlečková, Dominika (referee)
Maintenance of genomic integrity is an essential mechanism for every cell. Genomic integrity is disturbed by diverse exogenous or endogenous effects influencing the cell and causing damage of its DNA. Cellular mechanisms capable of fixing these disturbances in structure or sequence are indispensable because damaged genetic information can later cause expression of damaged proteins or inaccurate segregation of chromosomes to daughter cells. Therefore, many effective mechanisms for fixing wide range of types of DNA damage have evolved. This thesis focuses mainly on the eucaryotic MRN complex, which plays an important role in detection and repair of double strand breaks. Many viral families try to block these cellular repair mechanisms because they are activated soon after viral infection. One of the reasons for their activation is the resemblance of some viral genomes to the cellular DNA with double strand breaks. Thus, in many cases, the cell ends up inhibiting the life cycle of the virus by attempting to repair viral genomes. However, there are viruses that use cellular repair mechanisms for the replication of their genome, making these mechanisms essential for their own growth. Key words: DNA damage response, homologous recombination, non-homologous end-joining, MRN complex, Adenoviridae,...
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Contract for work in the field of construction
Slámová, Anna ; Macková, Alena (advisor) ; Pohl, Tomáš (referee)
Guardianship in inheritance proceedings Abstract The presented diploma thesis deals with "guardianship in inheritance proceedings". The thesis aims to evaluate the meaning and purpose of the institute of guardianship focused on inheritance proceedings, to describe its legislation and relevant jurisprudence, and answer the question of whether the current legislation on guardianship provides sufficient protection to the rights and interests of persons under special protection participating in court proceedings. The thesis consists of five parts, including an introduction and a conclusion. The first part focuses on inheritance proceedings, its legal regulation, sources, and the proceedings in the context of the legal system. Inheritance proceedings are defined as non-disputed proceedings, and a comparison between non-disputed and disputed proceedings is also given. This part explains the court's jurisdiction, the preconditions, the proceedings' initiation, and the notary's role as a court commissioner. The course of the entire inheritance proceedings and the decisions issued in the proceedings are also described. In the second part, the participation in civil court proceedings is discussed. A general explanation of procedural entities, preconditions for participation such as procedural capacity and capacity to...
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Role of the SMN complex in snRNP biogenesis
Hanušková, Klára ; Staněk, David (advisor) ; Šubrtová, Adriána (referee)
Small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particles (snRNPs) are an essential component of the spliceosome, a dynamic protein complex that mediates RNA splicing. These particles are composed of a single small nuclear RNA, from which they take their name, a ring of seven Sm or LSm proteins and other accessory proteins. All snRNPs undergo a complex maturation pathway, taking place in the nucleus and cytoplasm of the cell. One important factor in snRNP biogenesis is the SMN complex, which is composed of the SMN, Gemin2-8 and Unrip proteins. Its most important function is to mediate the assembly of the Sm core domain in the cytoplasm of the cell, with the help of the PRMT5 complex. Furthermore, the SMN complex is also involved in snRNA modification, import of the snRNP core, or assembly of the spliceosome itself. Despite more than two decades of research, some of the functions of the SMN complex and its particles have not been fully revealed, and thus it is not clear from the cell to what extent this complex influences not only snRNP biogenesis but also the entire spliceosome. The aim of this work, according to the available research, is to describe the SMN complex in more depth and to understand its functions in snRNP particle biogenesis. Key words: SMN complex, snRNP, snRNA, Sm protein, spliceosome
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Derivatives of boronic acids as potential drugs I.
Koucká, Kateřina ; Kučerová, Marta (advisor) ; Zitko, Jan (referee)
Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis Student: Kateřina Koucká Supervisor: PharmDr. Marta Kučerová, Ph.D. Consultant: PharmDr. Petr Šlechta Title of diploma thesis: Derivatives of boronic acids as potential drugs I. The thesis includes the design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of boronic acid derivatives. These derivatives were prepared as hybrid compounds containing an amide linker, combining mainly pyrazinoic acids with 4-aminophenylboronic acid. Pyrazinamide is used as 1st line antituberculosis drug and 4-aminophenylboronic acid is a bioisoster of 4-aminobenzoic acid, which is a crucial precursor in the folate pathway. Bioisosteric replacement of the carboxylic group with boronic acid could afford the ability of the compounds to form a reversible covalent bond toward a potential biological target. The presented compounds were synthesized in a two-step reaction. The first step was the condensation of 4-aminophenylboronic acid pinacol ester with different derivatives of (hetero)aryl carboxylic acids, that underwent previous activation. The second step was the deprotection of boronic acid pinacol ester to obtain free boronic acids derivatives. The obtained compounds were screened for their in vitro...
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Legal position of a child and registered partners within the framework of foster care
Prchalová, Karolína ; Hendrychová, Michaela (advisor) ; Šustek, Petr (referee)
Legal position of a child and registered partners within the framework of foster care Abstract The aim of this diploma theses is to analyse the legal position of a child and registered partners within the framework of foster care and to reply to the question whether the current legal regulation of foster care ought to be altered in favour of registered partners. The first chapter of the theses provides with the explanation of terms family and parenthood and closely deals with legal duties and rights of parents and children. It defines the constitutionally guaranteed right to family life of a child and registered partners and development of judicature concerning this issue. And this chapter also defines the crucial term of the best interests of the child. The second chapter focuses on the legal institute of registered partnership. It deals with the legal regulation and its development, the development of the legal regulation in the European countries, especially in Germany. This chapter also analyses the issue of discrimination and unequal legal position of registered partners compared to spouses. Subsequently both institutes, registered partnership and matrimony, was compared. The third chapter is fundamental. It focuses on particular forms of foster care with respect to the purpose of the legal regulation....
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Molecular mechanisms of heat stress memory in plants
Zelená, Julie ; Hála, Michal (advisor) ; Konrádová, Hana (referee)
Global warming is one of the main factors contributing to the decline in crop yield and overall plant biodiversity. Increasing surface temperatures of the Earth result in heightened demands on plant to cope with heat stress. Heat stress causes various damages to plants, primarily denaturation of cellular proteins, loosening of biomembranes, and accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Plants cells defend against heat stress through lipid remodeling of membranes, increased production of ROS scavengers, and primarily increased production of heat shock proteins (HSP), which are molecular chaperons maintaining proteins properly folded even at temperatures that would otherwise cause denaturation. Plants have developed mechanism to cope with recurring heat stress, such as heat waves, that is referred to as acquired thermotolerance and is enabled by the plant's ability to undergo stress memory. Key to stress memory is priming, which involves preparing the plant for very strong heat stress by exposing it to milder heat stress beforehand. Following priming, there comes a memory period, that is also called recovery period, during which the cell maintains altered molecular expression and physiology. The mechanisms of heat stress memory are divided into transcriptional and post- transcriptional,...
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André Gide, engaged writer
Poppr, Martin ; Jamek, Václav (advisor) ; Voldřichová - Beránková, Eva (referee)
André Gide, an engaged writer Bc. Martin Poppr The French author André Gide (1869 - 1951) was one of the most important writers of the end of the nineteenth and the first half of the twentieth century and an important figure of the public intellectual life. This thesis analyses to what extent André Gide was a politically and socially engaged author and the reach of his work beyond the world of literature. The method used in this work is a literary critical analysis focused on the author's personality as the key factor for the interpretation of his work. The initial and second part of the thesis summaries the concept of engaged literature developed by Jean-Paul Sartre in his study "Qu'est-ce que la littérature?" and mentions examples of other engaged writers. In this framework, the thesis also deals with the general question of "What is literature?". The third part of the thesis describes the life of André Gide and presents Gide's works which fall under the definition of engaged literature. These include works celebrating human freedom and ethics which attempt to foster the reader's strength and courage, but also Gide's autobiographic works, in which the author himself serves as an honest and liberated role model. This section also covers Gide's participation in the "Dreyfus affair" and in the...
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Effect of Sleep Education and Behavioral Techniques on Sleep and Emotional Regulation in Patients with Insomnia.
Smolková, Eliška ; Janků, Karolina (advisor) ; Horáková, Hana (referee)
This diploma thesis introduces the topic of a short-termed approach to treating insomnia. The theoretical part addresses healthy sleep and sleep assessment methods. It describes insomnia and a large part of the thesis is devoted to the treatment of this sleep disorder. The thesis introduces the relationship between emotional regulation and sleep. The aim of the empirical part is to investigate the effect of a short program dedicated to insomnia on sleep parameters (time in bed, total sleep time, sleep efficiency, sleep onset latency), on the severity of insomnia and on difficulties in emotional regulation in individuals suffering from insomnia. The pilot research is examining the variables listed above before and after the programme. The results suggest significant changes in sleep parameters, insomnia severity and difficulties in emotional regulation after the programme. Limitations of the present study are discussed and recommendations for further research in the area of short-term therapies for insomnia are provided. Key words: insomnia; emotion regulation; behavioural approach; cognitive behavioural therapy
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The role of swimming of the robusticity of the human upper limb
Toperczerová, Barbora ; Sládek, Vladimír (advisor) ; Struška, Michal (referee)
This bachelor thesis discusses effect of regular swimming on human bone tissue robusticity. The goal of this thesis is to summarize results of studies focusing on bone tissue of swimmers and to describe why is the bone tissue of swimmers less robust than bone tissue of individuals participating in other athletic activities. In the first part of the thesis, robusticity, bone modeling and remodeling, and responses of bone tissue on athletic activity are described. Further, the thesis focuses specifically on regular swimming. Forces, which are acting upon swimmers body and which are making swimming possible, are described. Next, four swimming strokes are described and which muscles have the highest contributions in those four swimming strokes. Bone tissue properties are compared between swimmers, other athletes and non-athletes. Special attention is given to bone tissue of human upper limbs. Lastly, the effects of weightlessness environment and absence of mechanical stimuli is described. Key words robusticity, bone functional adaptation, swimming, swimming strokes, upper limb
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