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Diagnostics of lexical and semantic level of language in preschool age
Malechová, Veronika ; Šulová, Lenka (advisor) ; Morávková Krejčová, Lenka (referee)
This theses deals with diagnostic of speech development of pre-school children. Its focus is on lexical-semantic language level. The goal of my work is to trace and map diagnostic possibilities in the lexical- semantic area of of pre-school children and to introduce the international PPVT test , considering its adaptation into czech language environment. Theses consists of two parts - the theoretical and empiric. Theoretical part is concern with the most important theories and personalities in the speech development and the process of experiencing language, characteristics of pre-school period, ontogenesis of speech and the ways to evaluate vocabulary and semantics in Czech and overseas. The empiric part examines the usages of PPVT in czech environment. The survey was realised by quantitative research, using datas from 236 tested individuals. The PPVT was adapted into czech language and given to preschool children, whose results were compared with the results of american children. The outcomes of the empiric part could be a solution for future research in the area, with the purpose of adapting a testing- language instrument into czech language and widening the limited possibilities in the field of language and speech development evaluation. Keywords: ontogenesis of speech, pre-school period,...
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Social Themes in Projects of Contemporary Czech Conceptual and Action Art (from the Late 1980s to the present Day)
Váchová, Lucie ; Lahoda, Vojtěch (advisor) ; Morganová, Pavlína (referee) ; Štefková, Zuzana (referee)
The dissertation thesis gives a real picture of Czech artistic works from late 1980s to the present day that use the language of Conceptual and Action art for a reflection of current problems in our society. The study is to encompass socially-oriented art or tendencies that want to communicate with the inartistic context and its focus is on the social-political aspect of contemporary art. The first part of the text is focused on basic concepts, moreover, it describes the most important exhibitions, theoretical contexts or considerations associated with the concepts of political or engaged art and it includes a brief reference to examples of older socially oriented art of the 20th century. The thesis strives to give a picture of the main themes through which artists reflect on humanity within a current societal system with its various old or new phenomena. The topics and the particular relevant artworks are described in four main chapters that should reveal the working methods or the development of the artists approach or strategies of artistic groups that have simultaneously reflected changes in the Czech art scene for the past 25 years. The prime motives are classical or newborn topics like reflection on motherhood, transformation of the present-day family, attitudes to the phenomenon of age,...
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Psychosocial intervention for women with perinatal loss
Borůvková, Klára ; Hoskovcová, Simona (advisor) ; Šivicová, Gabriela (referee)
This dissertation is focused on mapping the needs and development of experiencing the prenatal loss integration process in mothers, whose child died during the second or the third pregnancy trimester or suffered stillbirth. The goal of this dissertation is to suggest optimal intervention, which would prevent the progress of complications in terms of psychological disorders (PTSD, PAS). The theoretical part describes prenatal loss from the aspect of incidence and etiology and the loss of a close relative in general. It also focuses on the specifics of prenatal loss, the topic of crisis and its experience, phases of crisis, definition of the term "psychosocial intervention" and demarcation of its existing forms. This part also offers several perspectives and attitudes to the topic of grief as a process of hard life experience integration. It also describes several phases and problems connected with their fulfillment. The empirical part focuses on surveying the experiences and needs of women, who have suffered with prenatal loss. It also follows the approaches and circumstances, means of support, which helped women to cope with such an experience. It also tries to identify such aspects, which hindered this acceptation or made it more complicated. Research inquiry involves 13 depth interviews, which...
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Development and Application of High Performance Separation Methods in Connective Tissue Analysis
Braun, Martin ; Štulík, Karel (advisor) ; Pacáková, Věra (referee) ; Samcová, Eva (referee)
24 Annotation: This work is concerned with the development and application of high performance separation methods suitable for determination of clinically considerable fragments of collagen and elastin as the most important proteins of connective tissues. For their analyses, various chromatographic and electrophoretic methods have been used, including high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) and micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography (MEKC). This work has aimed at optimization of the developed and modified analytical separation procedures and methods and their utilization for determination of clinically important markers of connective tissue degradation. The key validation parameters of the analytical methods used in this work were evaluated too, which enabled their comparison with other approaches. One of the most important results of this work is thus high sensitivity, precision, repeatability and robustness of the methods which was found in a number of biological sample types. Successful was also very good HPLC separation of the analyzed cross-links in both collagen and elastin tissues. High performance methods are described which have been suggested and optimized for separation and quantitative determination of pentosidine, pyridinolines and...
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Development and applications of affinity carrier for isolation of human carbonyl-reducing enzymes
Andrýs, Rudolf ; Wsól, Vladimír (advisor) ; Šebela, Marek (referee) ; Šatínský, Dalibor (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biochemical Sciences Candidate: Mgr. Rudolf Andrýs Supervisor: Prof. Ing. Vladimír Wsól, Ph.D Title of dissertation thesis: DEVELOPMENT AND APPLICATION OF AFFINITY CARRIER FOR ISOLATION OF HUMAN CARBONYL-REDUCING ENZYMES For several millennia the human medicine is based on application of small bioactive molecules that are administered in the form of plant extracts or synthetic compounds. However, their use in modern medicine is not possible without a detailed understanding of their biochemical effects and identification of their molecular targets. Chemical proteomics based on the specific recognition between the bioactive molecule and the target molecule is currently the most widely used techniques for identification of molecular targets of small molecules. Compared to conventional biochemical methods (e.g. 2D electrophoresis), chemical proteomics represents particularly sensitive and very selective technique that enable successful identification of biomolecules from complex biological samples that are naturally presented in very small concentrations. Carbonyl- reducing enzymes, which play an important role in physiology due to their involvement in metabolism of various endogenous (e.g. prostaglandins, steroid...
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Shell shape variability in selected members of family Geoemydidae
Protiva, Tomáš ; Rehák, Ivan (advisor) ; Šmíd, Jiří (referee) ; Široký, Pavel (referee)
Turtles always fascinated men primarily by morphology, unique embryogenesis and later also by uncertain phylogenetic position. As this group exists for 200 Mya, with taxon Odontochelys and Proganochelys identified as the first ancestors, recently they are endangered by habitat destruction and hunting for meat. The worst situation is in Asia, with China as the most important consumer of turtle meat and other products. Captive breeding programs may be the only chance for lot of almost extinct species. Proper taxonomic and geographical determination is crucial for correct management of rescue programs. Shell shape variability studied by geometric morphometric method and supported by genetics is the right tool for this task. My thesis is focused on verification of the use of geometric morphometric method for selected species of family Geoemydidae. This family has centre of distribution in Asia and many of its species are endangered by so called Asian Turtle Crisis. We found unusual high occurrence of supernumerary vertebral scute in Morenia petersi. Shape of the carapace and plastron is not affected by presence of this extra scute. There are no significant differences between turtles with additional scute and turtles with normal five vertebral layouts. Scute pattern with supernumerary vertebral scute...
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Fylogeneze vybraných druhů letounů Afriky na základě cytogenetického a molekulárního přístupu
Koubínová, Darina ; Zima, Jan (advisor) ; Macholán, Miloš (referee) ; Martínková, Natália (referee)
Phylogenetic relationships of a sample comprising 248 bats belonging to 19 species and four families (Hipposideridae, Rhinolophidae, Molossidae and Vespertilionidae) from Senegal (Western Africa) were investigated with the use of multi-locus sequence data and non- differentially stained chromosomes. The karyotypes of Hipposideros ruber, H. tephrus, H. jonesi and H. cyclops were described for the first time. The standard Hipposideros formula was recorded in H. tephrus, H. jonesi and H. ruber (2n = 32, FNa = 60, FN = 64). The karyotypes of H. cyclops (2n = 36, FN = 66) and H. gigas (2n = 52, FN = 64) substantially diverged from this typical chromosomal complement. Rhinolophus landeri and R. fumigatus shared the same diploid number (2n = 58), but differed in the chromosome morphology (R. fumigatus - FNa = 60, FN = 64; R. landeri - FNa = 64, FN = 68). Rhinolophus landeri was found karyotypically distinct to other African populations, thus signalling a possible presence of cryptic forms within this species. The karyotypes of Chaerephon pumilus and Mops condylurus had a 2n = 48, FN = 54 and were similar to other previously studied species of this chromosomally conservative family. Chromosomal, Bayesian, maximum likelihood and genetic distance analyses revealed an indication for the existence of cryptic...
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Development of a bioanalytical method for the determination of novel drug candidates derived from thiosemicarbazone in a biological material
Suprunová, Vlasta ; Stariat, Ján (advisor) ; Kučera, Radim (referee)
Nowadays, high-performance liquid chromatography is widely used analytical method for separation and quantification of drugs in biological material due to its high sensitivity and selectivity. HPLC is suitable for quantitative as well as qualitative analysis. 2-benzoylpyridine-4-ethyl-3-thiosemicarbazone (Bp4eT) is a potential drug from the group of thiosemicarbazones, which are currently intensively studied and developed as anticancer agents. Their specific mechanism of action, based on chelation of iron, might overcome resistance to standard chemotherapy. The aim of this study was to develop and assess essential validation parameters of an HPLC-MS/MS method for determination of Bp4eT and its main phase I metabolites in rat plasma and to utilise the method for the analysis of samples from a pilot pharmacokinetic study in rats. The separation of Bp4eT and its metabolites was achieved on chromatographic column Discovery HSC18 (75 x 4.6 mm, 3 µm) protected by the same type of guard column using the mobile phase consisting of ammonium formate and acetonitrile in ratio 40:60 (v/v). The isocratic elution and the flow rate of 0.4 ml/min were utilised. Mass spectrometer was chosen as a detector and the quantification was performed in selected reaction monitoring mode. Plasma samples were treated using the...
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International trade with explosives from the perspective of Czech law and European union law
Neustupný, Martin ; Pauknerová, Monika (advisor) ; Pfeiffer, Magdalena (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to realize description and analysis of the legal regulation of international trade with explosives, concentrated on the European community law and the Czech law. The thesis is focused on public law regulations of this issue with consideration of all partial aspects, including historical connections, because the legal regulations of explosives have several hundred years lasting history. The introduction describes the basic historical changes of the explosives issue from both the technical and legal points of view, focusing on Czech and British legal regulation. This part is followed by the theoretical categorization of legal regulation of the trade with explosives in the system of international trade law and by a survey of most important legal rules of international, European community and Czech law, regulating this legal branch. In the next chapters my thesis goes on with the analysis of valid legal rules, relating to individual partial issues such as a definition of the subjects authorized to explosives treatment, legal regulation of international trade with explosives for civilian use, international trade with explosives for military use and launching of explosives on European market. The prevention of the misuse of explosives for criminal delicts is represented in this thesis by...
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Psychodiagnostic in Personnel Psychology
Schmidtová, Ivana ; Niederlová, Markéta (advisor) ; Rymeš, Milan (referee)
This thesis addresses the use of psychological assessment in personnel psychology and practice, specifically the relationship between selected personality characteristics of medical representatives in relation to their work performance. In the theoretical part, the selected methods of psychological testing of personality traits used in personnel psychology, with the focus on the Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire 16 PF, are desribed. It also deals with the performance appraisal and attention is paid to assessment of employees in a broader context, the most frequent rating errors and the key methods of individual and group performance appraisal. The empirical part deals with the research that examines relationship between the personality characteristics of medical representatives working in a multinational pharmaceutical company to determine whether the most successful workers differ in personality traits from the lowest performing individuals, and what personality characteristics of the profession are exhibited. Keywords: personnel psychology, personality tests, sixteen personality factor questionnaire 16 PF, performace appraisal, medical representative
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