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Structuralism for the 21st Century
Nohejl, Jakub ; Jakšík, Petr (referee) ; Rozwalka, Szymon (advisor)
Diplomová práce analyzuje myšlenky holandského strukturalismu 60. a 70. let minulého století, a důvody jeho rychlého konce. Prostřednictvím analýzy historického vývoje, odkrývá okolnosti jeho vzniku v humanitních vědách a následné aplikace v architektonickém prostředí. Zhodnocením současné společenské situace a ukázkou projektů navazující na původní myšlenky strukturalismu diplomová práce nalézá argumenty podporující možnosti jeho dalšího využití. Finální návrh v sobě odráží snahu o vytvoření otevřeného architektonického systému, který dokáže reagovat na neustále se vyvíjející potřeby uživatelů a současně podporovat dialog jednotlivců tvořící jeden předem nedefinovaný celek. Obraz výsledného architektonického díla umožňuje větší svobodu uživatelů a jejich vlivu na finální podobu prostředí. Narozdíl od běžné architektury zde nejsou žádné snahy o sjednocení nebo dominanci, ale o podporu diverzity, včetně protikladů a konfliktů, vytvářející množství unikátních a předem nedefinovaných situací.
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Système de la Mode by Roland Barthes: Critique of the Model and Limits of Application
Lorencová, Petra ; Šafaříková, Radana (advisor) ; Fišerová, Michaela (referee)
In this thesis we will try to explain and clarify the main concepts of R. Barthes's semiological method introduced in his book Système de la Mode. The key moments of his model will be confronted with critique of other authors such as J. Culler, T. Todorov or D. N. Rodowick. The principal aim of Barthes's book is to create a precise method which would lead the structural analysis of women's clothing described by fashion magazines. The author believes, that vestimentary features presented in fashion magazines are constituted into a system of signification. Barthes's main intention has been to reconstitute this system of meaning and to create a classification of written garment using linguistic approach and procedures. After considering the critique of the above-mentioned authors, we will try to apply Barthes's concepts to some examples of written garment, taken from current fashion magazines, in order to better understand author's semiological project.
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Language and Totalitarianism
Váňa, Tomáš ; Mlejnek, Josef (advisor) ; Kučera, Rudolf (referee)
The diploma thesis Language and totalitarianism deals with the relation between these two phenomena. On the basis of key thinkers dealing with totalitarianism it formulates its own definition of totalitarianism. It presents the communication theory of Karl Wolfgang Deutsch, on which basis it points to the close relation between communication and political systems, concretely between language and totalitarianism. Language is analysed mainly on the thoughts of Ferdinand de Saussure and Ludwig Wittgenstein. Totalitarian language is explained using mainly Orwell's totalitarian language newspeak in 1984. A practical analysis of a sample of Rudé právo form the era of the communist regime in Czechoslovakia in the years 1948-1989 shows its manifestations in real use. At the end of the thesis political correctness is introduced as an example of totalitarian tendencies in liberal democracies.
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Time in Film. Comparison of the Conception of Jan Mukařovský and Gilles Deleuze
Kadlecová, Vladimíra ; Fišerová, Michaela (advisor) ; Michalovič, Peter (referee)
The topic of my diploma thesis is a comparison of speculation about a film from two perspectives. Firstly, it deals with the approach of Jan Mukařovský, a Czech structuralist, who was one of the first in the Czech context to explore the time concept in a film. Secondly, it considers the approach of Gillese Deleuze, who was accredited with the new view on the time-image in a film, however, much later than Jan Mukařovský. The aim of the paper is to explain the way the approaches of Mukařovský and Deluze relate to other approaches of thinking about time in films, the influence of other concepts of their time that they both theoretically based their views on, as well as specifying the films that became the starting points of exploring the time in films. The method of comparison is divided into three aspects, as three comparison levels.
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Influence of Ferdinand de Saussure on French structuralism
Benešová, Aneta ; Hauser, Michael (advisor) ; Pelcová, Naděžda (referee)
The influence of Ferdinand de Saussure on French structuralism Ferdinand de Saussure is considered the founder of structural linguistics. His ideas went far beyond the bounds of linguistics, and he thus became a significant representative of structuralism, a school of thought that developed from his work. The present thesis will be concerned with Saussure's ideas, the basic terms that he established, and, above all, his impact on Claude Lévi-Strauss who employed Saussure's method in cultural anthropology, and applied it to totemism, blood relations or mythology. He laid the foundation for a diversified theoretical paradigm known as French structuralism.
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Structuralism and Concept of Discourse in the Work of Paul Ricoeur
Skoumal, Petr ; Borecký, Felix (advisor) ; Marcelli, Miroslav (referee)
This diploma thesis focuses on structuralism and concept of discourse in the work of French philosopher Paul Ricoeur. The aim of the thesis is to show Ricoeur's effort to interconnect structuralism and hermeneutics and, after this, to treat how this interconnection works as a general paradigm of human sciences. The point of departure is Ricoeur's revision of Saussurean structural approach which divides language into language system (langue) and speaking (parole). Then, the concept of discourse is grounded and the thesis proceeds to problems of text. By using the concept of discourse for written forms of language (texts), Ricoeur introduces this term to his hermeneutical approach. Its interconnection with structuralism is made possible by circular dialectics of explanation and understanding in which structuralism is shown to be necessary for the hermeneutical knowledge. Ricoeur's hermeneutical thought is also characterised by movement from text to action. Ricoeur finds some parallels between them and between the interpretations of them. By this, he proceeds from hermeneutics of text to hermeneutics of action and presents his conclusions as a general paradigm of human sciences. These are said to have a hermeneutical nature. However, according to Ricoeur, the deep hermeneutical comprehension is...
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Introduction to the conceptual basis of Vratislav Effenberger's thought (Dialectics of the genesis of the concept of idea models)
Svěrák, Šimon ; Hauser, Michael (advisor) ; Novák, Aleš (referee) ; Borecký, Felix (referee)
Dissertation Abstract Introduction to the conceptual basis of Vratislav Effenberger's thought (Dialectics of the genesis of the concept of idea models) Mgr. Šimon Svěrák The thesis introduces a reader to the basic aspects of the theoretical system of Vratislav Effenberger, the main theoretician of post-war Czech surrealism. It does so through the construction of a developmental dialectic of the main concepts of Effenberger's work of the 1960s, which culminates in the concept of so-called idea models. In this period, Effenberger primarily addresses the question of the nature of the existential forms of the concept of total meaning in the post-war social and psychological situation. He formulates his reflections as a critical reassessment of the theoretical legacy of Karl Teige and a question of the possibility of further continuity of the Surrealist worldview. The thesis demonstrates that Effenberger first rejects the notion of ultimate meaning, through which psychosocial reality can be grasped as a meaningful whole, and replaces it with a notion of conflict. However, the internal logic of his theoretical system gradually leads him to the conclusion that human consciousness cannot exist without the idea of ultimate meaning and that such meaning exists only in the form of the idea model. The idea model is...
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