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Characterization of the effect of human mutated huntingtin on the neuronal stem cell differentiation.
Budková, Kateřina ; Vodičková, Kateřina (advisor) ; Romanyuk, Natalyia (referee)
Huntington's disease (HD) is an autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disorder caused by an expansion of the CAG codon repeat in the huntingtin gene (HTT). This expansion causes a change in the biochemical properties of the huntingtin protein (HTT), its aggregation and cellular toxicity, which leads to the degeneration of brain neurons, especially in the striatum. Induced pluripotent cells (iPSC) derived directly from HD patient cells can serve as a model system for in vitro modeling of this disease. Because neuronal dysfunctions occur in HD patients years before the first clinical symptoms manifest, this model system may help elucidate the mechanisms that precede the onset of the disease. The aim of this thesis was to differentiate iPSCs (derived from fibroblasts of HD patients and healthy controls) into neural stem cells (NSCs) and subsequently into neuronal cell populations and to monitor molecular changes in their differentiation associated with the effect of mutated HTT. The differentiation process was monitored based on selected markers using immunofluorescence, western blot and qRT-PCR. We were able to generate stable NSC lines derived from 3 control and 3 HD iPSC lines. All 6 NSC lines were able to further differentiate into neural populations. At the transcriptional level, we found a higher...
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Immunomodulatory potential of Sertoli cell progenitors in Xenopus tadpoles during the healing of amputated tail
Mertová, Irem ; Krylov, Vladimír (advisor) ; Procházka, Jan (referee)
A cell culture of common Sertoli and peritubular myoid cells progenitors derived from the testes of male X. tropicalis, called XtiSC, was established in the Laboratory of Developmental Biology. XtiSCs exhibit similar properties as more well-known mesenchymal stem cells that are used in cell therapy for their immunomodulatory and proregenerative properties. Microinjection of XtiSC into the dorsal vein of the tail of the tadpoles has increased macrophage numbers 7 days after tail amputation (dpa), both in controls and in tadpoles after depletion of macrophages by the application of clodrosomes. Macrophage depletion also reduces the migratory ability of XtiSC to the site of tail amputation. Macrophage depletion also led to a reduction in the number of satellite cells 1 dpa. On the seventh day after tail amputation and XtiSC injection, there was a significant increase in their number compared to the control group without XtiSC injection. Using DAF-2DA probe, nitric oxide production was confirmed by injected XtiSC and at the injury site. For future research of the proliferation, differentiation and migration of satellite cells in vivo, a vector expressing EGFP under endogenous Pax7 promoter and Katushka-RFP under gama-crystalline promoter was created and integrated into the X. tropicalis genome using...
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Differentiation of keratinocytes: molecular markers and potential of influencing them in vitro
Ondrúšková, Denisa ; Filová, Elena (advisor) ; Porubská, Bianka (referee)
Keratinocytes are the most abundant skin cells found in epidermis. They are divided into proliferative basal stem cells, which are in close contact with basement membrane and suprabasal differentiating cells. Basal keratinocytes express K5 and K14 keratins and give rise to differentiating layers via delamination or asymmetric division. The firstly formed layer is stratum spinosum that expresses keratins K1 and K10 and involucrin, and, subsequently, it passes into the stratum granulosum, in which cells express loricrin and profilagrin. The last layer of epidermis is the stratum corneum formed by corneocytes that finally desquamate. Keratinocytes participate in the process of skin regeneration and can be isolated and cultivated. Their cultivation can be affected by various factors, such as selection of suitable materiál (nanofibers/gels) and suitable culture media, which can be enriched with growth factors, platelet lysat, vitamins and other substances. When culturing them, it also depends on whether the cells are entirely immersed in medium or growing on liquid/air interface. To approximate in vivo conditions and to study interaction between cell populations, keratinocytes are often cultured in co-cultures with different cells such as fibroblasts, endothelial cells, monocytes and others....
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Supply proposal of a company
Chudoba, Filip ; Pavelka,, Vladimír (referee) ; Juřica, Pavel (advisor)
The master's thesis deals with possible adjustments in the company's inventory replenishment strategy, which are in accordance with the analyzed factors of the external and internal environment of the company and which respond to the problems arising in the input logistics processes in which this strategy is implemented. The proposed strategy adjustments bring a new perspective on inventory management through inventory optimization and categorization according to differentiated inventory management approach, even in relation to inventories that are subject to deterioration.
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Differentiation of teaching in a class of a primary school by a learning task
Korcová, Hana ; Hejlová, Helena (advisor) ; Stará, Jana (referee)
The thesis focuses on differentiation of teaching by learning tasks at primary school. The theoretical background deals with possible ways how to effectively use learning tasks for children's development and to motivace them to the other activity. Furhemore it includes competencies which enable teachers to differentiate them to create variants of learning tasks. The practical background seeks which didactic variants of learning tasks teachers use in their teaching. As well as it verifies whether are the differential learning tasks included consciously by the teachers. Key words Differentiation, learning task, motivation, competencies, skills
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Individualization in Social studies and Sience in primary school instruction
Procházková, Hana ; Krčmářová, Tereza (advisor) ; Stará, Jana (referee)
The diploma thesis has a theoretically-empirical character with a focus on the empirical part. The starting point for the solution is the requirement of the primary teacher competence to work with the differentiated group of pupils, take into account different educational needs in the planning, implementation and reflection of teaching. The aim is to determine whether and how teachers fulfill the requirement of primary school in natural science lessons. Describe and evaluate the implementation of this requirement during the realization of specific thematic unit by several teachers. Methods of the content analysis, interviews and direct observation of teaching are used to fulfill the targets of the thesis. Keywords Individualization, differentiation, Social studies and Science, primary school teacher, instruction planning Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Adhesion, growth and differentiation of osteoblasts and mesenchymal stromal cells on biocompatible nanomaterial surfaces
Brož, Antonín ; Hubálek Kalbáčová, Marie (advisor) ; Černý, Jan (referee) ; Kylián, Ondřej (referee)
The thesis is based on articles describing the fundamental research of carbon based nanomaterials for their possible utilization in biomedicine. The aim of this thesis was to describe the way how human osteoblasts (SAOS-2 cell line) and primary human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) adhere, grow and behave on surfaces made of several carbon allotropes - nanocrystalline diamond (NCD), single walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) films and graphene. The utilization of carbon as the basic material promised good biocompatibility and possibility of useful surface modifications. The NCD had modified surface nanotopography (nanoroughness and nanostructuring prepared by dry ion etching). All the materials had modified surface atomic termination with oxygen and hydrogen which changes the surface electrical conductivity, surface charge and wettability. It was hypothesized that the surface termination can also influence the cell adhesion and growth. It turned out that all the studied materials were suitable as substrates for cultivation of mentioned cell types. Various nanoroughnesses of NCD surface had different effect on the cell adhesion and cell metabolic activity. Nanostructuring of the NCD influenced the formation of focal adhesions. The surface terminations of NCD and the other studied nanomaterials in...
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Differentiation in school curriculum at primary school
Svobodová, Lucie ; Hejlová, Helena (advisor) ; Tomková, Anna (referee)
The thesis is focused on differentiation in school curriculum at primary schools. Its aim is to describe the conditions and schemes of differentiation in school curriculum at selected primary schools in Prague and to confirm if and how they are fullfilled in the classes. It is focused mainly on care for the groups of children to whom differentiation is highly recommended. These are children with specific educational needs and talented children. The practical part of the thesis presents results of qualitative research in casuistries of selected Prague primary schools, their school curriculum and practical use of the differentiation of education in their classes. The casuistries contain descriptions of functional and tested models of individualization and differentiation at these schools. Of organizational structures (as they are described in theory) combinations of these are used most often: intrinsic differentiation (in common classes) - individually or in groups (sometimes with pedagogical assistant) and group extrinsic differentiation, that is formed as special care for children either with specific educational needs or talented children. Key words: differentiation, individualization, talented child, school curriculum, child with specific educational needs
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Study of differential potential of spermatogonial stem cells via transplantation in vertebrates
Kodedová, Barbora ; Krylov, Vladimír (advisor) ; Pšenička, Martin (referee)
Spermatogonia, or spermatogonial stem cells are necessary to maintain male fertility. In the complex process of ongoing spermatogenesis in the testes these pluripotent stem cells proliferate and differentiate into sperm cells. In 1994 the first spermatogonial transplantation technique was described in rodents to allow the study of male germ cells. The following series of studies of intra- and inter-species transmission of testicular tissue revealed the regenerative capacity of transplanted spermatogonial stem cells and their possible usage. Recently, spermatogonia transplantation systems are developed in many vertebrates making it possible to study the development of sperm as well as artificial production of male and female gametes derived from germ cell donors. The differentiation potential of spermatogonial stem cells enabled the creation of transgenic organisms by genetic manipulation of isolated spermatogonia and subsequent transplantation into a suitable recipient. Spermatogonial transplantation in the future may find their application in regenerative medicine, the treatment of disorders of spermatogenesis, or serve to preservation of genetic stock of endangered species.
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Mesenchymal stem cells and the possibility of their transdifferentiation into insulin producing cells.
Dostálová, Veronika ; Holáň, Vladimír (advisor) ; Čečrdlová, Eva (referee)
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been demonstrated in almost all tissues of the body. Their main source is bone marrow and adipose tissue. These cells are multipotent, e.g. they are capable of differentiating into a variety of cell types. They are able to migrate into damaged tissues. Their other relevant property is a specific suppression of imunity. In the body they serve as precursors for specialized cell types and they also participate in formation of specific tissue microenvironment. Their properties represent a great potential in a wide range of clinical therapies. Besides other possible applications they could be used in the therapy of diabetes mellitus type one. During this disease insulin producing -cells are destroyed. MSCs have been used in experimental in vitro and in vivo studies to differentiate into insulin producing cells. However these cells are not able to produce sufficient amounts of insulin to exclude the supportive administration of exogenous insulin. Therefore there is a need for further research in this field of possible therapy.
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