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Joke as an Expression of Collective Memory: Conjunction of Maurice Halbwachs' and Sigmund Freud's theories
Smyčková, Barbora ; Mlynář, Jakub (advisor) ; Šubrt, Jiří (referee)
(in English): The bachelor thesis is founded on the interdisciplinary connection of two classic scholars' approaches in psychology and sociology, in a broader frame the topic of collective memory. Specifically, it aims to theoretical application of thoughts of Sigmund Freud, introduced in his book Jokes and Their Relation to the Unconscious, to the theory of collective memory by Maurice Halbwachs; thus explaining joke as an expression of collective memory. The paper shows an interdisciplinary relationship of texts by the mentioned authors and also discusses the possibility of supporting sociological theory of memory by thoughts of one of the most influential psychologists. In the first part, the concept of collective memory by Maurice Halbwachs is introduced. It is explained in sociological context and with consideration of the influences of linguistic social framework of the memory. Another connection of those two main themes is explained through the concept of unconsciousness, which is the main topic of the second part of thesis, together with Freud's ideas. The last part is dedicated to the very hypothesis about the possible explanation of the joke as an expression of collective memory. The elaboration of the theme is limited to theoretical analysis of the primary and secondary literature and...
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Valley of the Fallen: Contested site in the Spanish politics of memory
Kolínová, Kristýna ; Tomalová, Eliška (advisor) ; Menclová, Barbora (referee)
A monument known as the Valley of the Fallen is located about fifty kilometers from Madrid. The complex was built by General Franco as a memorial to the victims of the Civil War. After his death, Franco himself was buried here in the basilica caved into the rock. The remains of the dictator situated at such a monumental site together with thousands of victims of the Civil War are, according to many, an unresolved issue for democratic Spain. As many meanings are assigned to the site, the debate about the Valley of the Fallen includes other topics as well. The thesis presents and analyzes the politics of memory and debate on the contested site of memory Valley of the Fallen from the beginning of the Zapatero government in 2004 until the end of the Rajoy government in May 2018. Based on the typology of mnemonic actors of M. Bernhard and J. Kubik, the thesis identifies and classifies national institutional actors participating in this debate. Transnational actors, as well as attitudes of the Spanish civil society, are also mentioned. Therefore, the thesis connects three areas of the collective memory studies: sites of memory, politics of memory and mnemonic actors.
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Native Art as a Source of Cultural Memory. Case Study of Māori Toi moko
Vacková, Kateřina ; Rychlík, Martin (advisor) ; Soukup, Martin (referee)
This thesis deals with the repatriation of Toi moko (tattooed, preserved heads of Māori or Moriori origins) from overseas institutions back to the country of their origin, New Zealand. Toi moko are considered to be not only human remains but also cultural artefacts, pieces of native art, which are important for cultural reproduction. The significance of Toi moko for Māori culture is explained in accordance with Cultural Memory theory introduced to Social Sciences by the German cultural scientists and Egyptologist Jan Assmann. The aim of this work is to provide a comprehensive framework for understanding the meaning of Toi moko in Māori society, to summarise its historical development, and to reflect the recent efforts of Karanga Aotearoa Repatriation Programme that is undertaken by the Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa and funded by New Zealand Government. Key Words cultural memory, cultural identity, culture, ethics, Karanga Aotearoa Repatriation Programme, Māori, native art, New Zealand, tattoo, Toi moko
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The creation and reproduction of historical consciousness on the example of the association Radecký Praha
Petrnoušková, Anna ; Marková, Alena (advisor) ; Maslowski, Nicolas (referee)
The master thesis "The creation and reproduction of historical consciousness on the example of the association Radecký Praha" deals with the historical consciousness, its creation and reproduction. The theoretical part defines not only historical consciousness but also pays attention to the related issues, such as collective memory, historical memory, sites of memory, or national identity, due to the fact that the boundaries between collective memory and historical consciousness are often at least unclear. Theoretical part is primarily based on the works of Maurice Halbwachs, Jan Assmann, Miroslav Hroch and Pierre Nora. The empirical part of this study concludes the research of the association Radetzky Prague, which seeks to return the monument of Marshal Radetzky on the Malostranské náměstí. The research tries to describe and understand the ways of creation and reproduction of historical consciousness of its members throughout the analysis of qualitative interviews. Mentioned authors already provide a certain methodological background research. Conclusion contains a summary and a comparison of research results with theses of authors that are dealing with similar themes. This work is not a purely historical or sociological one; it is trying to stay somewhere between historical and sociological...
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The Massacre of Aussig in Sudeten German memory culture
Mareš, Jan ; Randák, Jan (advisor) ; Spurný, Matěj (referee)
(in English): Bachelor Thesis "The Massacre of Aussig in Sudeten German memory culture" describes the role the so called "Massacre of Aussig" had in the memory culture of the Sudeten Germans from Ústí region, organized arround the Aussiger Hilfsverein This developement is delimitated by the years 1945 - 1973. In this time period, the major forms of rememberance used until this day had established themselves. This description of developement of memory culture, especially the graudal of communicative memory into collective and cultural memory as well as methods of instrumentalisation and actualization of these events is based on theoretical works of Aleida Assmann, Jörn Rüsen and others.
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Media (Re)Construction of Collective Memory: October and November as a Support for the Contemporary Czech National Identity
Vacková, Kateřina ; Křeček, Jan (advisor) ; Štechová, Markéta (referee)
The bachelor thesis "Media (Re)Construction of Collective Memory: October and November as a Support for the Contemporary Czech National Identity" focuses on relation between mass media, collective memory and national identity. In accordance with social constructionism theory, the terms collective memory and national identity are understood as social constructs whereas mass media is considered to be one of the social construction agents. The aim of this work is to analyse a variety of media interpretations on significant Czech history events - October 28, 1918 and November 17, 1989. Analysed are newspaper commentaries published in order to commemorate these events during the eleven- year period from 1998 to 2009. As a resource for the analysis I have chosen three Czech daily newspapers - Hospodářské noviny, Lidové noviny and Mladá fronta DNES. The research method used is media qualitative content analysis. The work objective is to examine the typical media discourses based on national history which are constructed in a way to support contemporary Czech national identity. Not only does this thesis consist of research, it also includes methodology and theoretical framework.
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Collective Memory and Identity of Polish Minority in Lviv: Conflict, Integration or Assimilation?
Lebduška, Michal ; Vykoukal, Jiří (advisor) ; Zilynskyj, Bohdan (referee)
This diploma thesis deals with the topic of Polish minority, which remained after the Second World War in the city of Lviv that is since 1991 part of independent Ukraine. Particular focus of this project is aimed on reasearch of a relationship between collective memory and identity of this specific minority. For purpose of this project field reasearch in Lviv was conducted in the years 2014-2015. This researched focused on work with Polish periodicals that are being published in Lviv since 1990, conducting semistructured interviews with members of this community and survey research in both high schools with Polish language of education that exist in Lviv. The work itself is divided into four main chapters which focuses on theoretical concepts used for purpose of the thesis, general characteristics of Polish minority in Lviv including historical background and present-day relations with local Ukrainian majority, identity and also collective memory of this community. According to the results of the research Polish minority is very well integrated into the Ukrainian society with elements of partial assimilation that takes place also because of large number of mixed Polish-Ukrainian families or good mutual relations with the Ukrainians. Despite that there exists smaller more compact community which...
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Reflection of the Highland Clearances in Historical Novels
Hejtmánek, Matěj ; Kasáková, Zuzana (advisor) ; Tomalová, Eliška (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals with historical events of the Highland Clearances. This concept refers to the events that took place in the late eighteen century and early nineteenth century. In this time period Scottish Highlands were going through significant social and cultural changes. The Highland Clearances caused the displacement and dispersion of many thousands of local people from Highlands and Islands of the north of Scotland; mostly it was people with agricultural background who eventually had to move to big cities in the south of Scotland, to England or even abroad. These events still matter to a lot of Scots and are widely regarded as historical tragedy or trauma. This thesis focuses on analysis of 3 historical novels which portrayed these events. Specifically it is Waverley (1814), Butcher's Broom (1934) a Consider the Lilies (1968). These novels are analyzed and compared based on the origin of their author, the selection of the aspects of the Clearances, which they focus on, and its overall contribution and the form of presentation.
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