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Australská imigrační politika jako inspirace pro Evropskou unii v době migrační krize?
Šimák, Radim ; Ševčíková, Michaela (advisor) ; Zeman, Martin (referee)
This thesis compares different immigration policies of countries in the European Union on selected sample of countries: Germany, Belgium, Sweden, Italy, Czech Republic and Australia. The theoretical part of the thesis focuses on the basic concepts related to migration, such as the theory and methodology of migration. The theoretical part also presents the common immigration, asylum and visa policy of the European Union and its historical development. In conclusion, the thesis argues that the European Union may, in some aspects of the migration crisis, be inspired by the Australian approach to migration. The aim was to evaluate different approaches and consequent impacts. The impact on economics indicators suggests that using the Australian model would achieve better employment and a lesser burden on public budgets. Based on these findings, the thesis then presents recommendations and proposals for solution.
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Evaluation of rationality and risks of pharmacotherapy in older patients in long-term care facilities
Lukačišinová, Anna ; Fialová, Daniela (advisor) ; Alušík, Štefan (referee) ; Paluch, Zoltán (referee)
Objectives Main objectives of this doctoral thesis were to review available information on pharmacological properties of benzodiazepines and their age-related changes; to evaluate the prevalence of benzodiazepine use in older patients residing in long term care facilities; to investigate the association between use of benzodiazepines and occurrence of falls in acutely hospitalized older patients; and to describe utilization of benzodiazepines in the Czech Republic. Methods A narrative review of literature focused on pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, adverse effects and association of benzodiazepines with falls in older population was conducted. The evaluation of benzodiazepine use in long term care facilities was analysed in a retrospective cross-sectional study using data from the EC 7th Framework Program SHELTER project (Service and Health in the Elderly in Long Term Care). A prospective cohort study data of acutely hospitalized patients in Australia were used to evaluate association between benzodiazepines and falls. To describe utilization of benzodiazepines in the Czech Republic, data from the State Institute for Drug Control and from databases of General Health Insurance Fund were used. This dissertation thesis is a summary of published articles from above stated works and analyses. Results...
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Protection of personal rights in continental system and common law
Ondřejová, Eva ; Švestka, Jiří (advisor) ; Elischer, David (referee) ; Vychopeň, Martin (referee)
With the increased global infringement of personal rights, it is necessary to be aware of the protection in the different legal systems, especially Anglo-American. Even if the consequences are to be felt in the domestic legal order, the enforceability is recognized under the foreign legal order. The protection is worldwide and through the case law from the European Court of Human Rights the two legal systems - Common law and the Civil Law are penetrating the legislation and the case law in respect of the institute of the protection of personal rights. The doctorate thesis presents the complex introduction to the area of protection of personal rights in the Common law, especially in English law, Commonwealth countries and USA that has not been presented yet for the Czech legal professionals. The thesis explains theoretical concept of the Common law and its background for the purpose of explanation of differences of examined legal orders. The institute is explained on the key historical case law that led to establish the Common law principles. The thesis uses the current and topical legal cases and problems that the orders face in the 21st Century.
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Legal regulation of the right to assembly in Australia
Timura, Petr ; Kudrna, Jan (advisor) ; Jirásková, Věra (referee)
Title: Legal regulation of the right to assembly in Australia The present thesis addresses the legal regulation of freedom of assembly in Australia, aiming to analyse the current version of legal regulation. Regarding different legal arrangements among particular Australian states, main attention is paid to constitutional level of this right and statutory regulation in New South Wales. The thesis is divided into ten chapters. Following the first introductory chapter, the second one focuses on the beginnings of Australian law and its development. It also deals with legal and historical connections of English colonial law which laid foundations of Australian law. The third one deals with Australian settlement. It is focused on discovery of Australian continent by James Cook in 1770 and consequent enlargement of the territory. The fourth continues with constitutional development of Australian law. It discusses decisive constitutional moments related to Australian independence. The main aim of the fifth chapter is the analysis of Australian legal system. It concerns main legal sources of Australian law and the relation between common law and international law. It also analyses practise of the courts. The sixth chapter examines sources of Australian right to assembly and the seventh one analyses...
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Protection of rights of indigenous Australians in particular in relation to media and intellectual property rights
Černá, Hana ; Hofmannová, Mahulena (advisor) ; Faix, Martin (referee)
The diploma thesis concentrates on legal protection of indigenous peoples in Australia. The topic itself is too wide, therefore it was shortened to predominantly concentrate on analysis of two up-to-date topics. These were, firstly, legal protection of indigenous peoples in relation to media and then, secondly, legal protection of indigenous peoples in relation to intellectual property rights. The paper is divided into three main chapters. The first chapter's goal is to introduce some parts of Australian history that are connected with Aboriginals to Czech readers. The topics discussed are, for example, colonization of Australia, genocide as perceived by international community, policy of assimilation, era of Stolen Generations etc. This chapter highlights a necessity of always dealing with current issues in proper historical context and, as it is found in the second chapter, also with deeper understanding of differences of indigenous culture. The second chapter is an outcome of the author's study stay at University of Queensland where she conducted a research on two topics connected with legal protection of indigenous peoples that were being currently discussed. The first topic was legal protection of indigenous peoples in relation to media connected with a discussion about The Freedom of Speech Bill 2014....
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No Way, You Will Not Make Australia Home! Comparative analysis of immigration policies: case of Australia and New Zealand
Mocková, Eliška ; Kofroň, Jan (advisor) ; Brunclík, Miloš (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to discover cause or causes of different approach toward immigrants between Australia and New Zealand. The timeframe is set between 2001 and 2015 and is occasionally exceeded. Theory of scapegoating was applied and the scapegoat mechanism was expected to be launched by changes in economic situation. This theory is based on the assumption that society during times of hardship tends to search for so-called scapegoat. Those are usually groups unable to defend themselves. Blame for variety of actual as well as alleged problems is shifted by society towards them. The purpose of this behaviour is to relieve the accumulated frustration/aggression and simultaneously keep semblance of moral value. The other motivation is desire to increase power at the expanse of the group(s). Immigrants are naturally ideal targets for scapegoating, because of their vulnerability and distinctness from majority population. The conducted research found out that this mechanism is often applied to immigration in Australia and influences the immigration policy of the country. This prevailingly does not apply to New Zealand. Its immigration policy is motivated rationally on the basis of costs and benefits. Nevertheless, the economic situation did not prove to be a trigger of the scapegoat mechanism in...
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Comparison of official life tables construction in selected countries
Godunov, Ivan ; Burcin, Boris (advisor) ; Koňařík, Martin (referee)
Comparison of official life tables construction in selected countries Abstract The main goal of this work is to analyze the methods used by the selected statistical offices in the construction of mortality tables. This work explored fundamental differences regarding the type of published life tables and parameters estimation methods. The theoretical part provides an overview of basic methodological information and description of methodology used, which was acquired during communicating with the selected statistical offices. During the analysis it was found that the differences in calculating the various functions of life tables are minimal, so the analytical part is mainly devoted to methods of estimating the probability of death at age 0 and smoothing of probability of death in older age. Acquired procedures and methods were applied to the data for the Czech Republic for year 2010, which allowed the comparison itself. The final part is the overall evaluation of achieved results, where can be also found commentaries on selected procedures and methods. The analysis shows that the most widely used type is a detailed cross-sectional life table. The most appropriate models of smoothing mortality curve are Kannistö-Thatcher (UK) Martinellův model (Sweden) and Kannistö (Canada). On the other side, the least...
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Shadow Cinema - TheMythology of Australian gothic films in 1970s
Kotrlová, Jitka ; Hanáková, Petra (advisor) ; Přádná, Stanislava (referee)
8 Univerzita Karlova v Praze Filozofická fakulta Katedra filmových studií Diplomová práce Jitka Kotrlová Stínová kinematografie: mytologie australského gotického filmu 70. let Shadow Cinematography: Mythology of the Australian Gothic Film of the 1970's Praha 2015 Vedoucí práce: PhDr. Petra Hanáková, Ph.D Abstract: The thesis focuses on the mythological aspects of films of the so-called Australia gothic in 1970's. In a detailed form of thematic analysis it discovers three fundamental myths within the gothic cycle which then examines the semiotic method of Roland Barthes. The first part is dedicated to the specific situation of the film industry and describes the principles of film funding. The second part is focused on the concept of national cinematography in relation to Australia. The third part is dedicated to the gothic imagination and definition of Australian gothic within the contemporary discourse. The fourth part focuses on the term "mythology". The main part of the thesis presents the three myths emerging from the cycle of Australian gothic films. The first one is the myth of the feeling of isolation that focuses on the meaning of an isolated man in the inland and on the alternation of this myth in the form of a person isolated in the society. On the examples of the films Walkabout (Nicholas Roeg,...
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Mutation rates and dispersal of human populations
Kulichová, Iva ; Černý, Viktor (advisor) ; Šolc, Roman (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals with estimation of mutation rate of DNA and its use for dating of the first settlement of Sahul. The first part describes direct approach for the estimation of the mutation rate, based on the analysis of pedigrees and indirect approach based on phylogenetic analysis. The weaknesses of these methods are presented as well, as they distort the resulting values of the mutation rate and therefore it is necessary not to ingore them. Some alternatives of calibration methods for the direct and the indirect estimation of the mutation rate are introduced, for example based on archaeological samples. The subsequent section discusses the characteristic mutation rate of mitochondrial and nuclear DNA estimated utilising the direct and the indirect approach. The difference between pedigree and phylogenetic rates appears especially in the mitochondrial DNA, because of selection.The second part outlines the evolutionary path leading to anatomically modern human in Africa and his expansion into Eurasia based on the fossil record dated 45,000 years ago. Particular attention is paid to the settlement of Sahul in archaeological and molecular point of view. Based on the combination of these sources of information, it is possible to conclude that the settlement of Sahul passed from Africa along...
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