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The impact of geography and subsistence on distribution of NRY haplogroups in Europe and Africa
Nováčková, Jana ; Černý, Viktor (advisor) ; Munclinger, Pavel (referee) ; Macholán, Miloš (referee)
Y chromosome is due to its special characteristics the ideal tool of archaeogenetic studies. Its diversity is influenced by several factors and I analysed two of them (geographical location and subsistence). I generated SNPs and STRs data from several loci of samples from Slovakia (156 samples, 5 regions) and sub-Saharan Africa, where I analysed samples of sedentary farmers (481 samples, 18 regions) and nomadic pastorals (405 samples, 16 regions). Slovakia is situated at the meeting point of two migration ways. First of them was spread from the east to the west and is associated with enlargement of haplogroup R1a in Europe. The second came from the Iberian Peninsula eastward and is associated with enlargement of haplogroup R1b. Results of MDS graphs replicate the geographical map of Europe. Slovakia is situated in the middle of Russian, Balkanian and Iberian samples. Correlation between genetics and geographic distances is indicated by hierarchical AMOVA analysis and Mantel tests. Populations in sub-Saharan Africa differ from each other by the subsistence pattern. Different life style influence the diversity of the Y chromosome. Nomadic pastoralists and sedentary farmers share different haplogroups, for example, while haplogroup R1b was detected only in nomadic pastoral groups, sedentary farmers...
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Scottish Parliament - The First Attempt of SNP for Scottish Independence
Stejskal, Leoš ; Kovář, Martin (advisor) ; Soukup, Jaromír (referee)
This thesis analyze institutional and political circumstances, which allowed and influenced the Scottich referendum of independence in september 2014. It discribes political development and situation in Scottich Parliament and Government from the creation of devolution to 2014. As a metodological tools this thesis use theories of Institutionalism, Multi - level governance and performance politics. It focuses on the pre-referendum debate as well. Main sources are official reports of departments of Her Majesty Government and White paper of Scottish Goverment for the referenda, both are combined with reports from BBC. It shows limitations and extentions of institutional influence and reach towards independence. Key words: Great Britain, Scottish Parliament, Scottish Government, SNP, Alex Salmond, referendum,BBC
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Implemenation of the RAD sequencing methods to the population genetic studies of hedgehogs from the genus Erinaceus
Loudová, Miroslava ; Černá Bolfíková, Barbora (advisor) ; Choleva, Lukáš (referee)
Hedgehogs from the genus Erinaceus are an important model organism for studying the postglacial recolonisation of Europe and the processes that take place in the secondary contact zones of their areas of distribution. In this study, five individuals of white-breasted hedgehog (Erinaceus roumanicus), four individuals of western hedgehog (Erinaceus europaeus) and one estimated hybrid were analysed. Geographical distribution of individuals used in the study covers the region of the Central Europe, however in the further research expansion of analsysed individuals will be needed and the whole Palearct should be sampled. The main goal was to implement novel methods in research of hedgehogs, which will enable to map the population-genomic structure of the genus Erinaceus in western Palearct. The method RADSeq (Restriction site associated DNA sequencing) enables to obtain polymorphic markers, e.g., SNPs which we used (Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms) across the genome. In this work it was analyzed 16382 SNPs. Using the binary data which indicates the presence and absence of SNPs for each species, hypotheses raised under classical analyzes of genetic markers from previous studies have not been fully confirmed. In further research it will be necessary to verify possible occurrence of biases connected with...
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The success of the Scottish National Party in the British 2015 parliamentary election
Rexa, Martin ; Koubek, Jiří (advisor) ; Buben, Radek (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to understand to the success of the Scottish National Party in the last British parliamentary election in the year 2015. This success is the result of complex process, whose causes can be find in the long-term development of the Scottish political system and of the Scottish National Party itself, as well as in the short-term factors resulting from the events of previous election periods or from the pre-election campaign. For a basic theoretical concept serves the concept of regionalist parties and with it connected approach of the opportunity structure and of the internal and external resources and constraints. Both the opportunity structure and the internal and external resources and constraints of the Scottish National Party went through the development, without which the party could not reach the success, which it reached.
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Ecophysiological relevance of extreme sensitivity of orchids to nitrates
Figura, Tomáš ; Ponert, Jan (advisor) ; Tylová, Edita (referee)
Many orchid species are seriously endangered at present. Reasons for their disappearing from natural habitats remain often unclear. Orchids depend on mycorrhizal symbiosis in nature, however only little is known about this symbiosis. Seeds of some species do not germinate in vitro, making their cultivation for scientific and rescue purposes impossible. We found that seed germination of one of such reluctant species, Pseudorchis albida, is strongly inhibited by nitrates even at extremely low concentrations. As this species prefers oligotrophic mountain meadows, nitrate-induced inhibition probably take place in natural conditions. Surprisingly, we found similar but slightly weaker inhibitory effect also in typical mesophillic species and even in slightly eutrophic ones. The sensitivity to nitrates correlates with trophy level of species canopy. This inhibitory effect of nitrates could be weakened by application of a range of growth regulators, including auxins, cytokinins and gibberellins, and also by mycorrhizal fungi. The action of nitratereductase is essential for this inhibitory effect of nitrates. Experiments with NO donors, scavengers, and NO quantification are pointing right at NO as compound which perhaps mediates nitrate inhibitory effect. Based on these results, the nitrate inhibitory...
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Scottish National Party and its position after 1999
Bielawski, Adam ; Říchová, Blanka (advisor) ; Kasáková, Zuzana (referee)
The bachelor's thesis "Scottish National Party and its position after 1999" discusses the development and status of the Scottish National Party since its foundation in 1934 with emphasis on period after the emergence of the Scottish Parliament in 1999. The thesis is focused on the position of the party in political systems of the United Kingdom and Scotland and its efforts to enforce the primary goal of Scottish independence. The basic measures of party's success are election results and participation in decision-making. The author examines the factors influencing the overal image of the party such as ideology, internal situation, party leader, etc. Study of the party documents, such as election manifestos and government programs, is important part of the paper. The last chapter is about independence referendum, which was held in September 2014. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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The use of DNA analysis in kinship studies and investigation of distant biological relationship of people
Červená, Tereza ; Šimková, Halina (advisor) ; Korabečná, Marie (referee)
AJ The thesis deals with the possibilities and problems of DNA analysis in its use in kinship studies and investigation of distant biological relationship of people. It presents a summary of useful DNA markers with a focus on linking autosomal markers and lineage markers - mtDNA and Y-STR; characterizes the typical heredity of individual types of markers and explains the basic principles of interpretation of their analysis. The research also deals with computer software exploited in statistical calculations; case studies, specific examples of the use of DNA analysis in kinship studies and investigation of distant biological relationship of people are also included at the final section. Key words DNA analysis, genealogy, kinship study, STR, SNP, DNA marker
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Interaction of selected anthocyanidins with farnesoid X receptor
Jeřábková, Jana ; Pávek, Petr (advisor) ; Martin, Jan (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology Student: Jana Jeřábková Supervisor: Doc. PharmDr. Petr Pávek, Ph.D. Title of diploma thesis: Interaction of selected anthocyanidins with farnesoid X receptor Human farnesoid X receptor (FXR) is a member of nuclear receptor superfamily that act as ligand-activated transcription factors. FXR binds to specific regulatory DNA regions and induces expression of many target genes. These regulated genes are involved in bile acid metabolism and transport, maintaining blood lipids, liporoteins and glucose homeostasis and also contribute to maintain intestinal bacterial balance, hepatoprotection and liver regeneration. The interest of recent studies is to test the range of FXR ligands for treatment and prevention of many diseases such as cholestais, cholesterol gallstone disease, steato-hepatitis, dyslipidemia, atherosclerosis, type 2 diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome, liver cancer and other forms of cancer such as breast cancer. In this experimental diploma thesis we are focused on testing of potencial ligands of human farnesoid X receptor from the group of natural plant pigments anthocyanidins (cyanidin, delphinidin, malvidin, pelargonidin, peonidin and petunidin) using the human hepatoma cell line...
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Role of polymorphic DNA markers in personal identification and determination of selected phenotypic traits
Zidkova, Anastassiya ; Korabečná, Marie (advisor) ; Drábek, Jiří (referee) ; Hradil, Roman (referee)
Nowadays intensive research is conducted for application of genetic polymorphisms for degraded samples analysis, identification and kinship determination. Another area of research in forensic genetics is biogeographical and phenotypic traits (eye, hair and skin color) determination. First part of presented work dealt with population study on the Czech popu- lation using Investigator DIPplex (QIAGEN, Germany) marker set containing 30 autosomal insertion-deletion polymorphisms. Power of Discrimination (PD), which is the probability of random selection of two persons with different genotypes, was 99.9999999999% for the whole marker set. This part of study concluded that ana- lyzed marker set is suitable as an additional marker panel for identification and kinship determination in the Czech Republic. Second part of the presented study was devoted to population research of Cen- tral Croatia using Mentype Argus X-8 kit (QIAGEN, Germany) containing 8 short tandem repeat polymorhisms located on X choromosomes (X-STR) divided into 4 linkage groups. PD for the whole kit reached 99.9999% and 99.99999999% for males and females, respectively. This kit could be used in Central Croatian population for kinship analysis and for identification as an additional marker panel. The next part of the presented study was the...
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Asociace polymorfizmu kandidátních genů s masnou užitkovostí skotu
PŮBAL, Václav
Molecular genetic research has a very dynamic development, and also genetically based economic production traits of domestic animals and plants are in the spotlight of researchers and breeders. This paper summarizes an actual overview on the field of candidate genes and their SNP associations with beef quality and yield, with their short description, resulting assigning the genes for practical breeding. There were described 10 genes: CAST (calpastatin), PLAG1 (pleomorphic adenoma gene), ANK1 (ankyrin 1), FABP4 (fatty acid binding protein 4), FASN (fatty acid synthase), SCD (stearoyl-CoA desaturase), LEP (leptin), MSTN (myostatin), IGF2 (insulin-like growth factor 2) and TG (thyroglobulin).
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