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Adorno's critique of mass culture in light of Hegel's aesthetics.
Kvapil, Matouš ; Paulíček, Miroslav (advisor) ; Horák, Vít (referee)
Often now talking about the decline or disaffection of arts, which is often associated with negative influences of mass culture. I try to explore these negative influences of mass culture, especially in music. For this purpose I use criticism of mass culture by Theodor W. Adorno, one of the representatives of the Frankfurt School. Music by its criticism loses its original purpose. It gets parasitic and fetish character, disappearing from it all individuality and spirituality and becomes a mere commodity made for consumption only. Through the Aesthetics by G.W.F. Hegel I will shortly introduce the philosophical conception of arts and I'll try to look into the original nature and purpose of arts, as it Hegel describes. Then I valorize the mutual relation of both conceptions and show that the characteristics of mass culture are incompatible with the true nature and purpose of arts. At the end I will try to point out perhaps too skeptical and resolute sight that Adorno in his critique presents. I will try to show that despite all the negative effects of mass culture, there is still room for a serious production and music can still be made true to its original nature and purpose. Keywords music, arts, culture, aesthetics, mass culture, cultural industry, Hegel, Adorno
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Reality as Self, Thing and Their Relation
Jahoda, Lukáš ; Hill, James (advisor) ; Karásek, Jindřich (referee)
The meaning of this work is to grasp the development of early-modern philosophy into "modern" philosophy on the basis of the subject-object issue, which is considered and demonstrated as ontologically entirely fundamental. The expression of this development is illustrated for reason of deeper clarification of the sense and meaning of modern philosophy. The ontology of early-modern philosophy is essentially determined through the categories of subject and object, self and thing. The most universal nature of this ontology is based on object of reality fixation which is self, thing, or both. The notions of self and thing are in this work introduced in their totality through the extreme positions of two early-modern philosophers. The demonstration of the extreme philosophy of the subject is Berkeley. The demonstration of the extreme philosophy of the object is Spinoza. On the basis of explication of their ontology is explicated the universal nature of early-modern ontology. The end of early-modern ontology and its transition into "modern" ontology happens through the reconstruction of the subject-object figure. The author of this reconstruction is Hegel. Reality is now placed neither into the subject neither into the object, but into their mutual relation.
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Freedom and Ethical Life; Hegel's Conception of Freedom in Elements of the Philophy of Right
Zelenda Kupcová, Adéla ; Karásek, Jindřich (advisor) ; Sobotka, Milan (referee)
Práce se zaměřuje na pojetí svobody v praktické filozofii G. W. F. Hegela a jejím vztahem k etice, konkrétně k moralitě a mravnosti. Zkoumán je i vztah svobody a společenských struktur, v nichž jedinec žije a svou svobodu nejen realizuje, ale i získává. Cílem práce je zohlednit možný vliv Hegelova pojetí svobody na současné otázky a problémy a k jejich reflexi v politické filozofii a sdělit, jaký přínos může mít Hegelova praktická filosofie pro současnou filozofii i společenské vědy jako takové. Práce vychází zejména z Hegelova spisu Základy filosofie práva, ale přihlíží i k jeho Filosofii dějin a Fenomenologii ducha. KLÍČOVÁ SLOVA: politická filosofie; Hegel; svoboda; etika; moralita; mravnost ABSTRACT: This work is focused on the concept of freedom in the practical philosophy of G. W. F. Hegel and its relation to ethics, specifically the morality and ethical life. Also researched is the relation of freedom and social structures in which individual lives and in which is his freedom not only realized but also gained. The goal of the work is to consider the influence of Hegel's practical philosophy on contemporary questions and problems and to its reflection in political philosophy. The answer should be, what kind of contribution may Hegel's philosophy have for contemporary philosophy and social...
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The spirit in Hegel's Phenomenology of Spirit: Antigone and Rameau's nephew in dialectical conflict
Matějčková, Tereza ; Karásek, Jindřich (advisor) ; Sobotka, Milan (referee)
The work seeks to gain an understanding of the concept of spirit in Hegel's Phenomenology of Spirit. The objective will be met by means of Hegel's interpretation of Sophocles' Antigone and Diderot's Rameau's Nephew. In its most immediate form the spirit appears as an organically structured whole which Hegel identifies with the Greek ethical substance. Superficially this substance is conceived as a harmonious organism; in reality - as Antigone's and Creon's paradigmatic conflict shows - it is beset by inner conflicts. The once unitary and organically structured spirit decomposes into individual forms of consciousness during the Roman period and develops in further course into a subject freed from anything substantial. It is in this course of the spirit evolving into a subject that Hegel presents his interpretation of Rameau's Nephew. Rameau represents the self-negating and self-destructive spirit, who has completely identified with Antigone's and Creon's revolt and has lost the capability of accepting anything not issuing from his consciousness. The last part of the work presents the spirit as a movement seeking to encompass both of these extremes, i.e. the extreme of the substance devoid of subject as well as the extreme of subject negating the substance. In the context of the Phenomenology of...
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Individuality in Hegel's Phenomenology of Spirit
Hanovská, Lenka ; Benyovszky, Ladislav (advisor) ; Novotný, Jaroslav (referee)
Lenka Hanovská, Motiv individuality ve Fenomenologii ducha G. W. F. Hegela. Praha 2010. Abstract The work focus on the notion of individuality in Hegel's Phenomenology of Spirit. It's aim is to understand the question: "what does it mean to be individual being?" from the point of view of traditional thinker who is considered to stand on the top of traditional philosophical thinking. In the work I interpret the most important passages of Phenomenology. I point out that to the individuality we can look only as on a single example of subjectivity. Every specific quality and determination of individuality come from outside, individuality is determinated by the common reason and the society where she lives. Individuality in Hegel doesn't mean some sort of special beeing, concrete life (which search modern philosophy of 20th century) but it means only occurence of something "eternal", the consciousness.
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The Concept of the End of Art History and the Theory of Arthur C. Danto
Drexlerová, Eva ; Rakušanová, Marie (advisor) ; Konečný, Lubomír (referee)
The aim of this essay is to give a critical examination of Arthur C. Danto's art theory. In order to present a comprehensive exploration, the thesis deals with both Danto's philosophy of art and philosophy of the history of art. Within this discourse it aspires to evaluate Danto's end of art thesis and its appropriateness. In the first part, Danto's idea of the artworld, that is his contextual and historical theory of art, is examined. This includes the exploration of historical circumstances within which his art definition was developed, the notion of his essentialist and historic approach, and main features of his well-known technique of comparing indiscernible counterparts. The second part is devoted to Danto's philosophy of the history of art, especially to his Hegelian turn and what of such shift further stems. The third part explores the end of art thesis itself and, as its consequence, the posthistorical condition of art. The final part consists of two sections that attemp to critically evaluate both Danto's art definition and his end of art thesis. Finally, some arguments why Danto's theory about the end of art might be considered as inconclusive and speculative are conferred.
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An Analysis of Francis Fukuyama's Arguments Exemplified on Contemporary Dystopian Cultural Production
Šinaľ, Martin ; Veselá, Pavla (advisor) ; Roraback, Erik Sherman (referee)
In this thesis I analyze and problematize Francis Fukuyama's position on posthumanism, largely expressed in his 2002 book Our Posthuman Future. In it he warns against the likely negative outcome of a potential biotechnological revolution, which could enable easy access to interfering with human genome via practices such as genetic modification or human cloning. Fukuyama's major assumption is that all members of society must meet some limited standards of humanity in order to be equal, because if people acquire different levels of artificially altered "human natures," the outcome will be stratification, irrecuperable inequality and perhaps even class warfare. For this reason, Fukuyama calls for a pre-emptive regulation of genetic manipulation so as to avoid a "posthuman future." I contrast this theory with a selection of transhumanist and feminist theorists as well as with examples from fiction, namely the trilogy Lilith's Brood (1987-1989) by Octavia Butler and the novel Never Let Me Go (2005) by Kazuo Ishiguro. Drawing on these sources I conclude that Fukuyama's position is harmfully exclusionary and divisive; and also counter- productive in the sense that in his pursuit of securing freedom and equality he renders potential posthuman subjects fundamentally inferior, thus principally defeating his...
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