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Analysing Factors of Physical Activity Across Different European Countries
Tučková, Iveta ; Ščasný, Milan (advisor) ; Šedivý, Marek (referee)
Sufficient physical activity is one of the most important factors for maintain our overall health. The positive effects of physical activity are reduced risk of heart disease or stroke, hypertension, type II diabetes and some types of cancer. Being physically active also improves our mood and reduce anxieties. Therefore, it is important to understand, what effects the level of physical activity of population. That is the aim of this study. The study describes the determinants of physical activity various five European countries, using the data from INHERIT survey. The analysis focuses on censored data and is conducted with sample selection Heckman Two-step estimator model, addressing separately the factors of deciding whether or not participate in an activity and performing the activity. The differences between determinants for three types for physical activities are examined.
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Monitoring of risk factors of civilization diseases in primary school teachers
Faber, Dominik ; Kinkorová, Ivana (advisor) ; Kramperová, Veronika (referee)
The aim of the diploma thesis is to map the incidence of civilization diseases among elementary school teachers in Prague and the surrounding area. To find out what kind of knowledge they have about this topic and which risk factors of civilization diseases occur in them. The theoretical part mainly deals with different types of risk factors of civilization diseases. Among the most basic factors are insufficient physical activity, unhealthy nutrition, and stress. However, it also deals with other important risk factors. It also describes selected types of civilization diseases. In general, these are cardiovascular, oncological, and metabolic diseases. In the practical part, research was conducted at 5 schools in Prague and the surrounding area. The research was focused on primary school teachers. The research was carried out in the form of a self-inquiry survey. 60 primary school teachers filled out the survey. The result is that the most basic risk factors for civilization diseases among the teachers participating in the research are insufficient physical activity and a negative family history. A significant risk factor is high consumption of high-fat and meat products such as salami, sausages, pates etc. As a positive result is a high consumption of vegetables and fruits. Smoking and alcohol...
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Natural inhalation and exercise
JANOVSKÁ, Anna
This bachelor´s thesis introduces the issue of natural inhalations and their combination with physical activities. The theoretical part of the thesis describes the anatomy and physiology of the respiratory system. In the introduction to the issue of natural inhalations, the concepts of inhalation, aerosol, and balsamic silices are defined. Furthermore, the issue of the disease from lack of nature is discussed and health-oriented tourism and climate treatment are described. The following subchapter presents the Japanese method - Forest Therapy. The following pages deal with a stay in nature, the possibilities of movement in the natural environment, and the influence of outdoor activities on the human body. This thesis can find use in the field of spa resorts operations, by general or outpatient doctors or in the practice of physiotherapists. It can be helpful as an introduction to the issue of natural inhalations and support the integration of this complex topic not only into medical and physiotherapy practice but also among the laic public.
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Hypoglycemia as a limitation of treatment of diabetes mellitus
Brož, Jan ; Kvapil, Milan (advisor) ; Češka, Richard (referee) ; Karásek, David (referee)
BROŽ, Jan. Hypoglycemia as a limitation of treatment of diabetes mellitus. Prague, 2022. 100 pages. Dissertation thesis. Charles University in Prague, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine. Supervisor Kvapil, Milan. In diabetes mellitus, hypoglycaemia is defined as a condition that is associated with abnormally low blood glucose levels (≤ 3.9 mmol/l), which puts the body at potential risk. The first part of the work is devoted to the treatment of hypoglycaemia associated with physical activity in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus. The results showed that standardized moderate-intensity body movement without pre-agreed preventive measures led to hypoglycaemia in all participants. During exercise, the rate of ABG decline ranged from 0.7 mmol/l to 1.7 mmol/l in 10 minutes. During recovery after ingestion of 20 g of carbohydrates, the rate of increase in ABG ranged from 0.6 mmol/l to 1.9 mmol/l in 10 minutes. The amount of glucose administered resulted in recovery from hypoglycaemia in all study participants and maintained glycemia above this level for an additional rest period of 60 minutes after glucose ingestion. The second part of the work was devoted to comparing the characteristics of the results on the one hand of treatment in the same group of patients with type 2...
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Analysing Factors of Physical Activity Across Different European Countries
Tučková, Iveta ; Ščasný, Milan (advisor) ; Šedivý, Marek (referee)
Dostatek pohybové aktivity je jedním z nejdůležitějších faktorů pro udržení našeho celkového zdraví. Pozitivní účinky fyzické aktivity jsou snížené riziko srdečních onemocnění nebo mozkové mrtvice, hypertenze, cukrovky II. typu a některých typů rakoviny. Fyzické aktivity také zlepšují naši náladu a snižují úzkost. Je proto důležité pochopit, co ovlivňuje úroveň fyzické aktivity populace. To je cílem této studie. Studie popisuje determinanty fyzické aktivity v pěti evropských zemích a využívá data z průzkumu INHERIT. Analýza je provedena pomocí Heckmanova modelu, tzv. Dvoustupňového odhadu. Tato práce analyzuje tři typy fyzických aktivit, které jsou blíže zkoumány pomocí "Unrelated Regression system" modelu.
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Early mobilization in critically ill patient
Veberová, Marta ; Pucholtová, Romana (advisor) ; Hocková, Jana (referee)
Introduction: The most of critical ill patients is immobilised for short or longer period of time. This depends on the character of their illness, medication or another organ support. As it has been proved during critical illness and forced immobilisation there is an significant reducing in muscle strength, exactly in 3 to 11 percent with every another day of immobilisation (46.) It is necessary to say that early mobilisation is not standardised approach in Czech medical environment. Aim of tthe work: The main target of this diploma is to figure out whether early mobilisation in critical ill patients means any significant difference in their functional status in comparison to those given standardised physiotherapy. Another target of this research is to set up safe and structured protocol for leading early mobilisation and to determine whether exercising with cyclo ergometer is linked to higher risk of side effects and to state the most probable reasons for delayed or not performed rehabilitation. Research methods: This diploma thesis is based on randomised research. Participants in the control group are undergoing standardised rehabilitation, intervention group is undergoing extended rehabilitation with cycle ergometer. The cyclo ergometer exercise will take place at least six times a week with...
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Evolutionary aspects of Alzheimer's disease. Major role of the Apolipoprotein E
Škubica, Patrik ; Daňková, Pavlína (advisor) ; Jirák, Roman (referee)
Alzheimer's disease is one of the most discussed conditions, due to its huge social and economic consequences. Whereas molecular and genetic aspects causing early onset of the disease are relatively well known, it still remains to be clearly shown how genetic risks and environmental factors interact to ultimately cause the late onset form. Major molecular-genetic factors affecting risk of developing Alzheimer's disease are APOE gene and its product apolipoprotein E. This gene occurs in humans in three common variants that differ among each other in exon sequence by one single nucleotide polymorphism. Similar difference exists between human and mammal APOE gene that served as an origin for human forms. This thesis discusses possible evolutionary scenarios of APOE gene and links acquired information to molecular and environmental ascpects of Alzheimer's disease.
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Diabetes mellitus type I. and physical activity
Douša, Martin ; Radvanský, Jiří (advisor) ; Procházka, Michal (referee)
The bachelor's thesis deals with diabetes mellitus type 1 and the opportunity of compensation by adequate physical activity, focusing on middle age and older patients, having suffered from diabetes for a long period of time. The thesis focuses on the different attributes of the burden, affecting the daily life of patients with diabetes. For better understanding and clarity of the issue, the work is divided into several chapters and sections dealing separately with the influence of physical activity and potential profits from regular, properly indicated motion for compensated patients. The thesis also describes involution changes occurring in the aging organism, which are always necessary to be taken into consideration when selecting a physical activity. The work is supplemented with pictures and graphs in the annex that enable a better show, and outline the issues. In my work, I not only try to show the positive influence of a wellchosen physical activity in patients with diabetes, but also highlight the potential risks and hazards coming from an improperly chosen therapy. Furthermore, I attempt to offer the chance to look at this type of therapy from several different perspectives. My aim is to show that a properly chosen physical therapy in individually selected range and performance should be much more...
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Effect of physical exercise on adipose tissue characteristics: influence of obesity and aging
Čížková, Terezie ; Šiklová, Michaela (advisor) ; Horníková, Daniela (referee)
Obesity and ageing are associated with the changes in adipose tissue characteristics, which are con- sidered as one of important contributors to development of complications, such as cardiovascular diseases or type 2 diabetes. Physical exercise is known to be effective in prevention of diseases rela- ted to obesity and ageing. However, the effect of exercise on adipose tissue characteristics is only few elucidated in humans. The goal of this bachelor thesis is to summarize the main effects of exer- cise on adipose tissue characteristics. This thesis subsequently discuss detrimental changes (dysfunction) of the adipose tissue in obesity. Recent findings about the effects of some types of physical training on health of the elderly people are also mentioned. The initial chapter deals with adipose tissue in general, concretely the morphology, metabolism and endocrine function of the adipose tissue are described. Next part is focused on obesity, the concept of a chronic low-grade inflammatory state is introduced. The key section is the fourth chapter, in which the effects of exer- cise on adipose tissue, i.e. effects on metabolism of adipocytes and activation of immune cells, are reviewed. At the end of this thesis, the pathophysiological changes in inflammatory state and adi- pose tissue distribution associated...
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