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The dynamics of T regulatory lymphocytes generation during pregnancy
Kopřivová, Helena ; Krulová, Magdaléna (advisor) ; Frič, Jan (referee)
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are CD 4+ T lymphocytes with regulatory and reparative properties. Tregs are functionally and differentially controlled by Foxp3 transcription factor, and they are considered a key factor inducing feto-maternal tolerance. Disruption of this unique type of time-limited immune tolerance leads to pregnancy complications including miscarriages, intrauterine growth retardation of the fetus, and premature delivery. Tregs' production and functional properties are influenced by the cytokine environment, especially by TGF-β1, IL-2, and retinoic acid. These pleiotropic factors are involved in the differentiation of tolerogenic populations of decidual cells. In the present work, a detailed immunophenotyping of Tregs was performed, and a determination of serum concentrations of TGF-β1 during physiological pregnancy was realized. The examined subpopulations of Tregs have shown different signs or markers of their functional and maturity properties. In some subpopulations, apparent changes in Treg counts were observed during pregnancy. Moreover, typical development was observed for TGF-β1 serum levels. The main goal of the current work was an examination of differences in Treg subpopulation counts in women with premature deliveries compared to females with full term births....
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Specifics of female locomotion from ecological and evolutionary perspective
Matějovská, Zuzana ; Hora, Martin (advisor) ; Brůžek, Jaroslav (referee)
This thesis will introduce the specifics of female locomotion, describe the level of morphological sexual dimorphism, and determine their effects on human locomotion. First of all, the thesis focuses on human sexual dimorphism in morphology and compares it with sexual dimorphism in primates. It focuses primarily on body size and proportions, lower limb length, and the pelvis. Additionally, the thesis analyses how sexual dimorphism explains the female costs of locomotion, optimal speed, and the differences in locomotion during pregnancy, infant carrying, and load carrying. Finally, the thesis analyses obstetrical dilemma hypothesis, which posits that the shape of the human female pelvis reflects an evolutionary trade-off between two competing demands, childbirth and bipedal locomotion. In light of new evidence, we concluded that human childbirth may not be limited by bipedalism as posited by the original hypothesis. Key words: sexual dimorphism, optimal walking speed, cost of transport, pregnancy, obstetrical dilemma, transport
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Quality of education of pregnant women in nutrition during gravidity and suggestion for its improvement
Matoušková, Barbora ; Marádová, Eva (advisor) ; Komorná, Marie (referee)
The Diploma thesis deals with nutrition of women during pregnancy. The work is divided into theoretical and practical part. The theoretical part summarizes the dietary recommendations for pregnant women. The practical part is divided into two parts - a research and an educational part. In the research section are evaluated results of the survey, which pointed to some gaps in the knowledge of the respondents. It was also found, that the respondents are not satisfied with nutritional information that they receive from medical staff, and therefore use other information sources. Even for women with higher level of education is difficult to understand to information from different sources. For these reasons, in the educational part of the thesis has been prepared a simple material that would help women to understand dietary changes during pregnancy, including risk factors. The material is intended for women without special dietary measures and in its creation were used informations from the theoretical part. KEYWORDS nutrition, pregnancy, diet, fetus, education
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The possibilities of use of a psychologist in prenatal psychoprophylactic care
Sýkora, Jan ; Šulová, Lenka (advisor) ; Matoušová, Milada (referee)
The diploma thesis focuses on the possibilities of a psychologist in the process of psychoprophylactic care of the mother, or both expectant parents. The theoretical part is trying to define the term psychoprophylactic antenatal care and map the situation in terms of the important personalities in the field of antenatal psychoprophylactic care and in terms of its historical context. Furthermore, it attempts to define the tasks of antenatal psychoprophylactic care, introduce the structure of courses, and map the current situation in this field in the Czech Republic. The research project conducted examines the importance of the psychologist's role during the pregnancy of an expectant mother and in the field of the antenatal care for the foetus in a qualitative manner. It investigates both the needs and attitudes of pregnant women, especially in the third trimester, and experienced psychologists, concerned in the area by the selected method of the semi-structured interview.
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Pregnancy and childbirth Roma women in the context of transcultural care
Trávníčková, Monika ; Tollarová, Blanka (advisor) ; Hnilicová, Helena (referee)
The thesis deals with pregnancy and childbirth among Roma women in the context of transcultural care. In the theoretical part, three main topics relevant to the subject of the thesis are addressed: (i) transcultural care and its development both abroad and in the Czech Republic, (ii) the Roma way of life with a special focus on those aspects affecting the way of perceiving and experiencing the pregnancy and childbirth by Roma women, and (iii) recent trends in providing care to pregnant and labouring women. The empirical part includes a qualitative research into how Roma women perceive and experience pregnancy and childbirth, and what characteristics from the perspective of midwives make them different from the majority society women. Using qualitative research based on interviews with Roma women and midwives I gained valuable data upon which I have identified cultural differences which may affect Roma women's access to prenatal care, the manner of pregnancy planning, and the perception of pregnancy or parturition itself. Based on these findings, I have analysed the applicability of the transcultural care model to Roma women. The main objective is to help midwives to better understand different situations they may encounter during the caregiving Roma women. Key words: culture, transcultural care,...
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Possibilities of cooperation with schools and other institution in the issue of pregnancy children in the selected region
Ryvolová, Eliška ; Hanušová, Jaroslava (advisor) ; Thorovská, Alena (referee)
SUMMARY: This thesis is devoted to the issue of pregnancy in children. The work is divided into the theoretical and the practical parts. The theoretical part is processed with the help from professional litareture. With the help of direct and indirect quotes the author tries to bring closer the terms related to reproductive health, physiology of the femile genital organs and sexual education in the education system of the Czech Republic to the readers. The part and parcel of the theoretical part is the prevention of pregnancy and the possible consequences for the child, as for the mother as well, both biological and psychosocial consequences. The second part of the thesis is focused on the specific objectives. By using the method of interviewing the author this describes the situation of incurred pregnancy in 2010 , not only with the respondent, but also with an educational consultant of the elementary school and also with OSPOD social worker, under which the incurred preganancy case fell. After analyzation of the interviews there is a final recommendation for the elementary schools about the possibilities of prevention and proedure in the case of pregnant underage girls as well as recommendations for the girls on how to behave and who to contact in a case of finding a pregnancy. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Pelvis position in 3D space and its influence of stages of pregnancy
Vosátková, Marie ; Jelen, Karel (advisor) ; Hendl, Jan (referee)
Title: Pelvis position in 3D space and its infuence of stages of pregnancy Summary: The aim of this master thesis is to evaluate changes of the pelvis position of women during pregnancy and if these changes influence the LBP during gravidity. The research is based on the summary of theoretical findings about the issue of changes during pregnancy which could be responsible for the LBP. The main topics of this part of thesis are anatomy and kinesiology of pelvis, functional vertebral disorders, LBP in gravidity, physiological and biomechanical changes during pregnancy, definition of 3D space with connection to human body and introduction of the 3D kinematic analysis. 10 (9) pregnant women in the age of 26-35 years was evaluated in 3rd , 5th and 8th month of gravidity. The pelvis position in 3D space was objectified with the Qualisys technology and the LBP and the PGP with subjective evaluation of the VAS. LBP was found in 7 of 10 and PGP in 3 of 10 evaluated pregnant women. Our findings show the tendency to the change of the pelvis position in the sagittal plane in the direction of the forward tilt. In our group of evaluated woman was found the connection between the absolute change of the pelvis position in the sagittal plane and the LBP and the PGP during pregnancy, but to define clear and...
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Economic aspects of screening for thyroid disease in pregnancy and in women with fertility disorders
Bartáková, Jana ; Jiskra, Jan (advisor) ; Zamrazil, Václav (referee) ; Smutek, Daniel (referee)
The incidence of thyroid diseases in pregnancy in the Czech Republic reaches 10- 15%. Emphasis on early diagnosis and treatment is laid not only during pregnancy but also in the time preceding conception due to the impact of thyroid diseases on fertility, the course of pregnancy, birth and fetal development. The aim of the dissertation was to assess the effectiveness and economical aspects of screening for thyroid disease in pregnancy and in women with fertility disorders in the conditions of the Czech Republic. The dissertation consists of four published studies. The first study is a prospective cross-sectional study of 200 positively screened pregnant women. In the study we come to conclusion that pregnant women who are at high- and low-risk for thyroid disease have similar clinical and laboratory characteristics and screening, currently focused only on risk groups, is ineffective. The second study of 5 223 pregnant women is a case-control study. We find that the age of women over 30 cannot be regarded as a risk factor for thyroid disease in pregnancy, although addition this age criterion to the case-finding screening strategy improve its efficiency and ATA (American Thyroid Association) include it in their guideline 2011. The third publication is a retrospective cross-sectional study of 188...
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Prevention and awareness of the harmful effects of alcohol use in Prague
Symonová, Petra ; Šťastná, Lenka (advisor) ; Doležalová, Pavla (referee)
OF THE THESIS Name: Bc. Petra Symonová Specialization: Adiktologie Head of the thesis: Mgr. Lenka Šťastná, PhD. Pages: 77 The name of thesis: Alcohol use during pregnancy. Prevalence and awareness of the harmful effects of alcohol use in pregnant women - clients of the Institute for Mother and Child in Prague. Abstract: Background: With the increasing trend of alcohol use in a population, but also increases the number of women who are dependent on alcohol in pregnancy. Since your problem but ashamed and fears of condemnation of the behavior of companies admit the problem and continued to try to hide it, and therefore it is not possible to quickly capture and begin to solve. Alcohol consumed during pregnancy the mother may hurt not only her but also her fetus. Since we do not know the exact amount that is 'safe' should be gynecologists recommended total abstinence. This fact, however, in many cases, unfortunately, beyond reality. Goals: The main objective of this work was to determine the prevalence of alcohol use among pregnant women. Other objectives were to determine what are the knowledge of pregnant women about alcohol use in pregnancy, where and whether they are informed of pregnant women about the harmful effects of alcohol use during pregnancy and to determine whether the health of the fetus...
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