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Interchangeability of the past tenses preterite and perfect as a problem in the contemporary German
Karlová, Veronika ; Dovalil, Vít (advisor) ; Šemelík, Martin (referee)
This bachelor's thesis focuses on the issue of interchangeability between the preterite and the perfect tense in the German language. The aim of the study is to analyze and understand the factors influencing the choice between these grammatical tenses and to examine how this interchangeability can affect the comprehension and interpretation of communication. The thesis is grounded in a theoretical framework of linguistics, applying it to real examples from authentic texts. The research also includes an analysis of the perception of politeness in connection with the choice between these tenses. The results of this work may contribute not only to the academic field of linguistics but also to the teaching of German and understanding language nuances in communicative practice.
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Meanings and Contexts of the Term perestroika/přestavba in the Soviet Periodical Pravda and in the Czechoslovak Periodical Rudé právo
Pechová, Julie ; Pešta, Mikuláš (advisor) ; Pullmann, Michal (referee)
The topic of this bachelor thesis is research on how the Czechoslovak daily Rudé právo and the Soviet daily Pravda wrote about the perestroika/přestavba reforms. In particular, the thesis focuses on whether there were differences between these periodicals when writing about perestroika/přestavba, and whether, in the case of Rudé právo, the hesitant attitude of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia towards these reforms was reflected in the articles about them. The analysis will focus primarily on four aspects: how perestroika/přestavba was defined; on democratization; on glasnost; and on the connection between perestroika/přestavba and revolution. The thesis also includes chapters dealing with the very notion of perestroika, the situation in the Soviet Union and Czechoslovakia since the mid- 1980s, and the situation of newspapers at this time. These chapters serve primarily to form the basis for the subsequent analysis of articles in Rudé právo and Pravda. keywords: Soviet Union, Czechoslovakia, perestrojka, přestavba, Rudé právo, Pravda, propaganda, communism
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Work with adults and young learners during the first classes of Spanish as a foreign language (ELE)
Kepková, Klára ; Márquez Guzmán, Daniel Alejandro (advisor) ; González Lozano, Javier (referee)
In this thesis, I focus on the first lessons of Spanish as a Foreign Language (ELE) when working with adult and adolescent students. I concentrate on these mentioned groups individually, at the same time I also compare them with each other and explain the differences in students' approach to language. In this text you find answers to how the work differs between these two groups, what procedures, techniques and tendencies are appropriate for these age groups and how the teacher develops the lessons. I also outline topics that can be explained in the first few hours. The observation I make in secondary schools, grammar schools and language schools help me in this work. Keywords: Spanish as a foreign language (ELE), teaching, teenagers, adolescents, adults, first classes
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Coordination of assistance to socially excluded localities
Starý, Matěj ; Sládek, Jan (advisor) ; Mudd, Dana (referee)
Excluded localities present a problem in the coexistence of people in society, where one group is segregated from the rest of society because of its low social, economic or cultural status. In the case of an excluded location, this segregation manifests itself in the physical separation of this group from the others and often results in a reproduction of status. The solution to this problem lies in the cooperation between the non-profit sector and the state, which are crucial in the inclusion of excluded localities. This paper describes the cooperation between these two actors as well as the situation of excluded localities and the effectiveness of addressing the issue with a focus on housing exclusion in the context of the city of Prague based on research and interviews with NGO workers in Prague. Key words: excluded locality; non-profit organization; housing need; exclusion from housing; segregation; Prague
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Austin, Derrida and Searle on Intention in Communication
Šmíd, Antonín ; De Santis, Daniele (advisor) ; Hill, James (referee)
The following bachelor's thesis presents an analysis of the exchange between Jacques Derrida and John Roger Searle over the work How to Do Things with Words by John Langshaw Austin. Particularly, this text aims to underline the significance of the concept of intention in the discourse and examine the three thinkers' distinct approaches to it. An original reading of Austin's text will be introduced and compared with the interpretations of Derrida and Searle. In pointing out the differences between the two respective understandings of Austin as well as between the three dissimilar conceptions of communication, the main points of disagreement will be shown. Furthermore, the importance of audience reception among all three conceptions will be highlighted and finally, a compromise between the thinkers in the form of a refined account of intention's presence in communication will be proposed.
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Pilot study of a new performance measure of activities of daily living (Night Out Task) in the Czech population
Kult, Zdeněk ; Bezdíček, Ondřej (advisor) ; Širancová, Katarína (referee)
Literature-review part The paper first examines the construct of Activities of Daily Living (ADL) and its division into Basic Activities of Daily Living (BADL) and Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL). Furthermore, the paper highlights the importance of IADL measurement and describes the different types of IADL measurement; direct and indirect. Subsequently, the paper focuses on the emergence of different IADL performance measures and provides examples of different performance measures. Finally, the literature review section of the paper briefly describes an adaptation into Czech of a new IADL performance measure called the Night Out Task (NOT), which is discussed in detail in the research section. Research part The research part of the thesis aims to verify the feasibility of the new IADL performance measure (NOT) in healthy persons in the Czech population and to determine its psychometric characteristics. This part of the paper uses a quantitative research design. The research consists of the administration of the Czech version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA-CZ), the Czech version of the Functional Activities Questionnaire (FAQ-CZ) and the new IADL measure (NOT) assigned to fifteen individuals from two different age groups (50-60 years and 70-80 years of age) and the...
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Neuropsychological test battery for children, test - retest reliability
Töröková, Adéla ; Bukačová, Kateřina (advisor) ; Veverová, Kateřina (referee)
Pediatric neuropsychological diagnostics in our country struggles with a lack of high-quality memory test methods that are standardized, contain norms for our population, and are able to examine mnestic functions of children and adolescents (which represents a relatively wide age cohort) in more detail. Some of these problems are encountered with the available tests: some tests are adopted tests for adults, but do not take into account the specificities of child development, while tests developed for the child population test only part of memory. The aim of this work was to evaluate the test-retest reliability of memory tests from the recently emerging Neuropsychological Battery for Children (NB-D). The Neuropsychological Test Battery for Children aims to become a quality tool for assessing, not only, mnemonic function in children and adolescents. Probands aged 6-19 years (n = 44, 56.8% females) were administered selected memory subtests from the NB-D (Verbal Memory and Learning immediate and delayed recall, Nonverbal Memory immediate and delayed recall, Story Memory immediate and delayed recall, Working Memory, and Cued recall. The data were processed by correlation analysis, Pearson and Spearman correlation coefficients were used. Cohen's d and the intra-class correlation value were also used to...
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Perception of Generative Artificial Intelligence in selected Newsrooms of Domestic News Media with a Focus on Changes in Journalistic Ethics
Vaněček, Lukáš ; Moravec, Václav (advisor) ; Klimeš, David (referee)
The bachelor thesis delves into the subject of artificial intelligence and simultaneously explores its application in domestic editorial offices, along with the emerging ethical challenges associated with these technologies. In the theoretical section, in addition to introducing generative artificial intelligence itself and platforms such as ChatGPT or Midjourney operating on this basis, it describes the ethical domains in which the mentioned tools may instigate changes. The thesis includes a qualitative research component based on twelve in-depth semi- structured interviews with respondents from both public-service and private newsrooms actively utilizing generative artificial intelligence. Keywords Artificial Intelligence, AI, ChatGPT, Midjourney, ethics, transformation, machine learning, automated journalism, media Title Perception of Generative Artificial Intelligence in Selected Newsrooms of Domestic News Media with a Focus on Changes in Journalistic Ethics
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Knowledge and compliance with the Principles of a Healthy Lifestyle by Students of Prague Universities
Bošek, Jakub ; Hráský, Pavel (advisor) ; Nováková, Pavlína (referee)
Name: Knowledge and compliance with the Principles of a Healthy Lifestyle by Students of Prague Universities Goals: Analysis of erudition and knowledge of students of Prague universities in the contexts of a healthy lifestyle. Determining whether these students adhere to the principles of a healthy lifestyle. An analysis of the amount of physical activity performed by these students. Determining whether students monitor their physical activity using smart devices and whether they trust such devices more than information from advisors specializing in sports. Finding out whether these students are motivated by their universities to adhere to the principles of a healthy lifestyle. Comparison of results between students from different universities. Methods: Analysis of the theoretical basis from studied Czech and foreign literature dealing with the issue of healthy lifestyles, awareness of undergraduates within this issue and efforts of universities to motivate their students to adhere to the principles of healthy lifestyles. To expertly verify research questions, we used an online survey form, which contained 26 questions. We used verbal commentary and graphs to process the results. The percentages we report on research questions were determined expert evaluation. Results: From the results of this...
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Non-unique factorization in number fields
Lipertová, Žaneta ; Kala, Vítězslav (advisor) ; Zindulka, Mikuláš (referee)
The thesis is studying irreducible factorization in rings of integers of an algebraic number fields. To study factorization, the unique factorization of ideals into prime ideals is extremely useful. The irreducible factorization of an element x in a way corresponds with factorization of principal ideal, generated by x, into prime ideals. The class number is defined and the thesis is focusing on rings with class numbers 2 and 3. In rings with those class numbers the thesis characterizes irreducible elements and irreducible facto- rization, which is not unique. The Carlitz theorem, which fully characterizes rings with class number at most 2, is proved. Then the thesis extends some characteristic proper- ties for rings with class number 3. At the end there is demonstrated searching for all irreducible factorizations of the number 126 in algebraic number ring Z [︂ 1+ √ −23 2 ]︂ . 1
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