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Reduction Modes to 3rd Medical Department in the Treatment of Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome and their Effect on the Outcome of Bariatric Operations
Jungová, Ivana ; Matoulek, Martin (advisor) ; Haluzík, Martin (referee)
(teze): Úvod: Redukční režimy na 3. interní klinice VFN Praha v léčbě obezity a metabolického syndromu a jejich vliv na úbytek hmotnosti po bariatrické operaci při aplikaci těsně před zákrokem. Metody: Porovnávání shromážděných dat týkajících se redukce hmotnosti v době před a 1 rok po bariatrickém zákroku pro dvě skupiny pacientů. Jedna skupina absolvovala těsně před operativním výkonem redukční pobyt. Druhá skupina byla přijata k operačnímu řešení z ambulantního režimu. Výsledky: Obě skupiny pacientů ve sledované době (1 rok po operaci) svou hmotnost významně redukovaly, vyšší úbytek v kilogramech po roce od zákroku byl zaznamenán u skupiny s redukčním pobytem (23,02 kg), u skupiny bez redukčního pobytu byl průměrný úbytek hmotnosti 21,17 kg. Po porovnání úbytku hmotnosti z průměrné hodnoty životního maxima skupin má významně vyšší redukci skupina s redukčním pobytem (51,9 kg), skupina bez redukčního pobytu redukovala ze svého životního maxima průměrně o 32 kg. Hodnota EWL (Excess Weight Loss) jeden rok po operaci byla vyšší u skupiny bez redukčního pobytu (39,36 %), u skupiny s redukčním pobytem dosáhla hodnoty 33,509 %. Stejně tak hodnotu EBMIL (Excess BMI Loss) měla skupina bez redukčního pobytu vyšší než skupina s redukčním pobytem. Procentuální roční úbytek hmotnosti byl u obou skupin...
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Obesity monitoring in middle aged men in Hradec Králové
Senecký, Petr ; Bunc, Václav (advisor) ; Větrovský, Tomáš (referee)
Title: Obesity monitoring in middle aged men in Hradec Kralove Targets: The targets of thesis is to determine prevalence of the obesity in men at age 30 - 50 years in Hradec Kralove. The necessary data for this empirical research will be obtained on the basis of the questionnaires distributed among 30 active athletes and 30 pacients of prof. Martinik's diabetology office, who suffer from obesity and undergo treatment in his office. Subsequently, I will perform a deep analysis of all the data obtained from the questionnaries, in order to identify hazard factors for obesity, stress management, physical aktivity, fixed daily routine and life management or the prevalence of the genetic load in the group of surveyed athletes and surveyed obese patients of prof. Martiník's diabetology office. These data will be then compared in order to identifily the main differences between active athletes and obese patients. Methods: The empirical research was conducted at 30 randomly selected active athletes (at age 30 - 50 years), who live in Hradec Kralove and at 30 random patients (also at age 30 - 50 years) of prof. Martiník, who also live in Hradec Kralove and undergo medical treatment on the basis of the questionnaire, which I created myself and filled personally with the patients and athletes in order to...
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Diabetes mellitus type II in the light of metabolic syndrome
Hrnčířová, Eliška ; Rudolf, Kamil (advisor) ; Doseděl, Martin (referee)
DIABETES MELLITUS TYPE II IN THE LIGHT OF METABOLIC SYNDROME Author: Eliška Hrnčířová ¹ Tutor: MUDr. PharmDr. Kamil Rudolf, Ph.D. ¹, š ¹ Department of Clinical and Social Pharmacy, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové š II. intern gastroenterology clinic University Hospital Hradec Králové Background: My thesis deals with diabetes mellitus, a common chronic civilization disease, the essence of its creation, including the issue of the treatment, regime measures and it also mentions the associated health problems connected to the diagnosis. The Aim of the study: The main purpose of this work based on a small sample of patients was to verify their level of information and knowledge of the disease, compliance, participation in home blood glucose measurements and to determine the health complications associated with diabetes and its treatment. Methods: The study was carried out by questionnaire in a paper form. Data were obtained in a pharmacy during a short interview with 209 randomly selected diabetics type II. The questionnaire included two main characteristics of respondents (gender, age) and 6 simple targeted questions. Results: In the survey 59 % female and 41% male took part. The mean age of patients was 66.9 years. Respondents were diagnosed with DM on average 11.1...
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Utilization of energy substrates in white and brown adipose tissue in metabolic syndrome
Seďová, Karolína ; Škop, Vojtěch (advisor) ; Šilhavý, Jan (referee)
1 Abstrakt Hnědá tuková tkáň je unikátní termoregulační orgán, její funkcí je přeměňovat energii ve formě protonového gradientu na energii tepelnou a zároveň snižovat efektivitu metabolismu. Její funkce se zdá být nadějí v léčbě metabolického syndromu a komplikací s ním spojených. Efekt hnědé tukové tkáně v léčbě MS však stále není objasněn a proto jsme chirurgicky odstranili tuto tkáň u potkanů, kteří trpí metabolickým syndromem, abychom objasnili důsledky extirpace na parametry metabolického syndromu. V této práci jsme sledovali aktivitu interskapulární tukové tkáně na parametry metabolického syndromu. Srovnávali jsme parametry mezi kmeny HHTg potkanů a kontrolním kmenem potkanů Wistar a pozorovali jsme nižší hmotnost potkanů kmene HHTg přes projevy ostatních parametrů metabolického syndromu, jako je dyslipidémie, inzulinová rezistence tukové tkáně, vyšší hodnoty NEMK v krvi. Zjistili jsme, že tito potkani mají významně vyšší aktivitu iBAT, jak v inkorporaci palmitátu do lipidů, tak ve spalování lipidů ve formě CO2 a zejména v nižším věku. Tato zjištění nás vedla k hypotéze, že iBAT by mohla mít zásadní vliv na parametry MS u neobézních potkanů. Extirpací iBAT u mladých potkanů, ani u potkanů v pokročilejším věku však neměla zásadní vliv na metabolismus ani na hmotnost. Dokonce došlo ke zlepšení některých...
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Physical Activity and Nutrition in Therapy of Metabolic Syndrome
Joachimová, Marie ; Radvanský, Jiří (advisor) ; Illinger, Vojtěch (referee)
INTRODUCTION: Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of risk factors which tend to occur together and belong to the main causes of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus. In the treatment of metabolic syndrome dominates pharmacotherapy of the individual components. However, this therapy usually addresses the consequences rather than the causes and puts the patient in the position of a passive recipient of drugs. Although a change of lifestyle should be the cornerstone of prevention and treatment of the metabolic syndrome, the vast majority of the general and professional public doesn't know how and to what extent it can help. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to find recommendations on physical activity and nutrition in relation to the prevention and treatment of metabolic syndrome and the mechanisms of action. METHODS: Information was sought in scientific journals, books and websites of healthcare organizations. Review articles and meta-analysis were selected primarily from the journals, general information and recommendations related to the issues discussed were obtained from the books and websites. RESULTS: The available literature confirmed that the modification of physical activity and nutrition can significantly improve all of the metabolic abnormalities associated with metabolic...
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Nutritional intervention in patients with metabolic syndrome
Kuchtová, Monika ; Sucharda, Petr (advisor) ; Hlavatý, Petr (referee)
The metabolic syndrome is a complex of diseases, which can be referred to lifestyle diseases. It is particularly an arterial hypertension, specific dyslipidemia (increased triglycerides and reduced HDL- cholesterol), abnormal glucose metabolism (insulin resistance, prediabetes and diabetes mellitus 2. type) and obesity with abdominal fat placement. In theoretic part bachelor's work present state of cognition about metabolic syndrome is described and particularly the possibility of influencing its development by non-pharmacological intervention. The practical part be aimed to a General Practitioner, which play the key role in searching of high-risk patients for development of MS. An attitude of doctors and success rate of co-operation with patients is found out in questionnaire survey. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Aktivita antioxidačních enzymů za různých patofyziologických stavů.
Vávrová, Lucie ; Tvrzická, Eva (advisor) ; Borovanský, Jan (referee) ; Oliyarnyk, Olena (referee)
Background: Oxidative stress is supposed to be implicated in the pathogenesis of several diseases which are connected with increased formation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS). Oxidative stress could play an important role in the pathogenesis of inflammation and sepsis, acute and chronic pancreatitis or in the development of cancer. Organisms are protected against RONS from antioxidant system that is composed of antioxidant enzymes and non-enzymatic antioxidants. To the most important antioxidant enzymes belong superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase and paraoxonase (PON). The aim of this Doctoral Thesis was to investigate the behaviour of three of these antioxidant enzymes - CuZnSOD, CAT and PON1 in different pathophysiological states. Materials and methods: The activities of CuZnSOD, CAT and PON1 were measured in six different pathophysiological states. Forty patients with metabolic syndrome (MetS), 35 women with depressive disorder (DD), 30 septic patients (SP), 50 patients with pancreatic cancer (PC), 50 patients with chronic pancreatitis (CP) and 13 patients with acute pancreatitis (AP) were included in different studies together with sex- and age-matched healthy controls (CON). Patients with AP and SP were observed in the course...
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Selected aspects of methotrexate treatment in patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Hloch, Karel ; Pávek, Petr (advisor) ; Souček, Miroslav (referee) ; Tomčík, Michal (referee)
Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Training Workplace Department of Social and Clinical Pharmacy Doctoral Degree Program Clinical and Social Pharmacy Candidate MSc. Karel Hloch Supervisor prof. PharmD. Petr Pávek, Ph.D. Advisor assoc. prof. MUDr. Tomáš Soukup, Ph.D.; PharmD. Martin Doseděl, Ph.D. Title of Doctoral Thesis: Selected aspects of methotrexate treatment in patients with rheumatoid arthritis Introduction and objectives Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease typically connected with chronic inflammation of the joints, causing their swelling and pain. The prevalence of RA is about 1% in the general population. A crucial role in higher morbidity and mortality in RA patients has been associated with increased inflammatory activity. Methotrexate (MTX), a drug with immunosuppressive activity, is the most frequent drug of choice used in RA therapy. It seems that main anti-inflammatory effect is mediated via release of purine nucleoside adenosine. The status of patients with inflammatory diseases is influenced by activation of A2a and A3 adenosine receptors. High caffeine (adenosine receptor antagonist) consumption may therefore lead to alteration of MTX treatment efficacy. 1) The aim of first study was to determine whether RA patients who had discontinued...
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