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Political Thought of Judith Butler
Sůsa, Jan ; Hauser, Michael (advisor) ; Fulka, Josef (referee) ; Kobová, Lubica (referee)
My thesis is focused on critical analysis of political thought of American philosopher Judith Butler. Butler is concerned with the relationship between individual identity and collective subjectivity, and her works - which caused many critical reactions - represent one of the most interesting discussion in the field of feminist political philosophy. Butler is mainly concerned with the question, how various political strategies (eg. feminism) could be based on common interests of various agents, and not on their supposedly stable identity (eg. sex and gender). Her criticism of unproblematized "natural" identities is important not only to the constitution of any individual identity, but also for the notion of the political dimension of a collective subject. The introductory chapters of my thesis are concerned with early thought of Butler, mainly with her critical relationship to the "second wave" feminism, and with her notion of the performative constitution of gender identity. Next chapters explore the shift in her thinking from analysis of gender and sex towards more general themes of political thought: nation, race, class, universalism, state censorship, possibility of resistance or emergence of a collective subject without stable unifying principle. I also try to analyze selected critical...
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Travesty Show: Performativity and Negotiation of Gender Identity
Chistyakova, Anastasia ; Ezzeddine, Petra (advisor) ; Halbich, Marek (referee)
This thesis is concerned with the question of gender identification in drag culture. The research, upon which this work is based, focuses on Czech drag queens that participate in drag (travesti) show in an LGBTQ+ enterprise in Prague. In my research, I have attempted to grasp the motivation of my informants to do drag, their connection to queer culture and the ways in which they create their own aesthetic on stage. With the help of these topics, I approach the problem of their gender identification, both in and out of drag. On the basis of the collected fieldwork material and relevant literature, I problematize gender identification among my informants. On the basis of such identification, I furthermore attempt to demonstrate limitations and shortcomings of the heteronormative framework of gender performativity, gender performance and gender identification in general. Keywords: travesty show, drag, queer, homosexuality, performativity, performance, heteronormativity, gender subversion
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Discursive construction and materiality of debt in context of housing
Samec, Tomáš ; Hájek, Martin (advisor) ; Szaló, Csaba (referee) ; Pospěch, Pavel (referee)
Housing debts have become fuel for the global economy, having been turned into tradable commodities on the financial markets. However, housing debts also have a profound relevance in the everyday life of those who have become indebted, enabling the dream of homeownership, but also leading to foreclosures and evictions. This thesis aims to take a rather under-researched perspective on formal and informal housing debts (i.e., mortgages and familial loans) by exploring the role of public and domestic discourses in, what is termed, the financialisation of housing. The financialisation of housing refers to the process of real estate being turned into assets and commodities and to the spread of individualised financial products being used to secure housing. The thesis uses the Czech Republic as a case through which to examine how discourse may enable this transition and how contribute to a specific financial governmentality. The thesis raises questions: How is it possible that mortgages come to be perceived as a normal and natural solution to housing issues? How do they become part of the debtors' lives through certain discourses? These questions are explored through an innovative framework of layered performativity, encompassing rhetoric, sociotechnical devices, and references to practices that reveal three main...
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Wearing Jewerly as a Performative Act
Stündlová, Barbora ; Fišerová, Michaela (advisor) ; Ivan, Michal (referee)
The concept or phenomenon od performativity occurs in different forms or terms in many humanity studies, especially in the second half of the 20th century. It interferes with linguistics, philosophy of thought, narratology, gender and cultural studies and even with epistemology and ethics. The notion of performativity appeared in philosophy and linguistics for the first time along with J. L. Austin's speech and perfomative acts. The first one describes the situation, the second one generates the situation. J. Derrida pointed out that the realization of speech acts and communication are not so obvious and depend on performance that maintains their status and identity. J. Derrida furthermore shows that performance does not only appear in the literary field; the law is for example performative in the sense that it sets itself up by a speech act. M. Foucault was interested of the role of performativity within a socially organized body and subjectivity. The performance of language and discourse is also essential in J. Butler's work which follows M. Foucault or J. Derrida and describes mechanisms for establishing gender subjectivity and physicality. She claims that the body is created simultaneously by the linguistic naming which it decribes. Butler writes up the process of gender differentiaton as...
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Analysis of queer child through the movie
Kašparová, Šárka ; Kolářová, Kateřina (advisor) ; Sokolová, Věra (referee)
Diploma thesis with the title "Analysis of queer child through the movie" is situated to the context of queer theories. These theories are discussed through the movie "Tomboy" (2011). Theoretical part of the thesis discusses fundamental theoretical background including attitudes towards to concept of gender within gender studies. The thesis is also focused on the theory of performativity and also discusses the normative socialization of children and their nonconformist behaviors. Key opinions to queer theories in context of sexuality and identity are introduced in this part of the thesis. I also present Stockton's arguments on queer child. Research section presents methodological part of analysis of the movie Tomboy. It also presents the specific method, which is Stuart Hall's theory of representation. In the analysis of the movie there are major themes reflected - how the category of gender, queerness, sexuality and identity are constructed in the context of queer child. Keywords Queer, performativity, childhood, socialization, gender, jinakost, identity, sexuality, film, stereotypes.
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Queer Reading of Middlesex: Discourses of Intersexuality in the Novel by Jeffrey Eugenides
Hamšíková, Marie ; Kolářová, Kateřina (advisor) ; Nováková, Soňa (referee)
The thesis dedicates to discourses of intersexuality in the novel Middlesex written by the American author Jeffrey Eugenides. For the analysis, the method of queer reading was deployed, within the broader perspective of cultural studies. After introducing the context of the novel, and the theoretical framework, three analytical chapters follow which seek queer moments on the background of critical reviews of the novel. First chapter focuses on heteronormativity, performativity, and identity politics. Second chapter is interested in the confession genre and subject in confession. Third, and last chapter closes the analysis with finding moments of queer pleasure.
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The image of history in film
Váňa, Martin ; Činátl, Kamil (advisor) ; Randák, Jan (referee)
(in English): The thesis focuses on therelationbetweenhistory, philosophy and film. Ituses film and TV seriessourcesproduced in the Czech Republic in the last fewyears. The thesis comprisesfrominterpretationof these sourceswiththe use ofappropriatemethodology as well as itdevelopsitsownmethod to beused to workwithhistorical film. Methodofthe thesis isdefinedaboveall by: the film thinkingofGillesDeleuze, theworks on history, time, art and ideology by Slavoj Žižek and Henry Bergson's Matter and Memory. Author uses concepts of Gilles Deleuze such as movement-image, time-image, time crystal and other, in order to describe the relation between history, memory and time, all that on the background of following audiovisual material: Czech Century, It's Gonna Get Worse, Lost in Munich, Burning Bush.
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Bernard Malamud's Selected Fiction in the Context of Black-Jewish Literary Relations
Simonová, Anna ; Ulmanová, Hana (advisor) ; Veselá, Pavla (referee)
Although Bernard Malamud's fiction has been frequently regarded as allegorical and symbolic, Malamud did not avoid the period's social issues in his works, such as the racial question and the changing nature of relationship between American Jews and African Americans. The present thesis aims to discuss Malamud's selected fiction dealing with Black- Jewish relations, namely short stories "Angel Levine," (1955) "Black Is My Favorite Color" (1963) and the novel The Tenants, (1971) and to place them into the context of Black-Jewish relations in the United States and of Black-Jewish literary dialogues and the tensions they express. It thus seeks to evaluate Malamud's role in the discourse of Black-Jewish relations in America. Calling upon a theoretical framework, outlined in chapter 2, based on philosophical and sociological findings of Judith Butler, John Searle, and Michael Omi with Howard Winant, the study examines the role of language and literature in constructing the Self and the Other (understood both as individual and collective identities, including categories of race and ethnicity), suggesting thus that literary texts, such as Malamud's selected fiction, are a part of discursive dialogue through and against which American Jews and Blacks construct their identities. Apart from the approaches to...
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Judith Butler's Concept of Performative Gender and the Rebellion Against Normativity: Sandra Cisneros's Woman Hollering Creek
Zelenková, Alena ; Procházka, Martin (advisor) ; Ulmanová, Hana (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to give an account of Judith Butler's theory of performative gender in order to analyse Sandra Cisneros's short stories. The primary sources include Butler's Gender Trouble and Bodies That Matter, and Cisneros's Woman Hollering Creek and Other Short Stories. The thesis also provides interpretation of other complementary primary sources; Discipline and Punish by Michel Foucault, Antigone's Claim by Judith Butler, "Signature Event Context" by Jacques Derrida, and Borderlands by Gloria Anzaldúa. The variety of primary sources hints on the interdisciplinary nature of the methodical approach of this thesis; from feminist theories, philosophy of language, and criticism of discursive power to literary analysis. The necessity to look at the question of performative gender from various perspectives stems from a wide scope of Butler's complex argumentation. The primary sources draw attention to different aspects of this thesis. Gender Trouble allows for deeper understanding of gender from Butler's point of view and enables us to observe the deconstruction of the sex/gender dichotomy, a basis for her disproval of the supposed naturalness of the division of sexes. In Bodies That Matter, Butler further develops the concept of performative gender while she draws her argument from the...
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