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Visual pollution in touristic areas: the example of Krkonoše Mountains
Mazurová, Štěpánka ; Kůsová, Tereza (advisor) ; Čtvrtníková, Anna (referee)
Visual pollution is a problem that everyone encounters in public space every day. It has a particular impact on tourism destinations where the appearance of the place and its landscape character contributes significantly to the perception of visitors. The aim of the bachelor thesis is to describe visual pollution in Pec pod Sněžkou. A significant part of the thesis deals with the definition of the phenomenon from a multidisciplinary perspective, especially geography and Czech law, and summarises the measures in place in Czechia and abroad. The main research method is field research, and the result can be viewed in the web application1 . The research found that Pec pod Sněžkou is a dynamic destination with constant development. A large number of elements of visual pollution occurs particularly in area of reduced natural and landscape potential, especially category advertising, which is the most frequent found element. There are several reasons for this fact, but they are largely a concentration of buildings, visitors and services in the centre of the destination. Keywords: visual pollution, light pollution, impacts of tourism, Krkonoše National Park, field research 1 odkaz: https://experience.arcgis.com/template/08bb4541fd104b5fb65f8f92b4a71b67/
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Design of exterior light
Bláha, Lukáš ; Rajlich, Jan (referee) ; Tauber, Jiří (advisor)
The theme of the bachelor thesis is the design of an exterior light with regard to its proper function in the space. The first part includes substantial information about lights in the current market obtained through design and technical analysis and its application in the creation of the author's solution. The final thesis also takes into account the issue of the non-purposeful use of lights in public spaces and its impacts on the surrounding environment in the form of influence on animals’ biorhythms or light pollution. Emphasis is also placed on the economic and ecological side along with used materials, which also play a significant role in the durability of the device in the public space. The result of the thesis is the design of a set of durable and effective lights with a low impact on the environment, both in operational and visual terms.
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Fireflies (Lampyridae) as a Topic for the Development of Critical Thinking
Ševicová, Michaela ; Hanel, Lubomír (advisor) ; Říhová, Dagmar (referee)
This thesis introduces the reader to the concept of critical thinking. It addresses the questions of why and how to apply critical thinking to teaching, and also presents an instructional program designed in accordance with the principles of critical thinking to examine the development of this skill in a sample of elementary students. The program can serve as an inspiration for other educators. The selected topic of the educational programme was the family Lampyridae and its representatives living on the territory of the Czech Republic. Fireflies were chosen as a flagship species because of their general popularity among students and their ability of bioluminescence. They can also represent the current ecological problem of insect extinction and its negative impact. The author has researched a review biology of this family. The work also includes a questionnaire survey on the topic of critical thinking. KEYWORDS critical thinking, bioluminiscence, Lampyridae, critical thinking methods, instructional program
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Let There Be Light? Impact of Light Pollution on the Environment
Svoboda, Lukáš ; Mihai, Hana (referee) ; Ellederová, Eva (advisor)
Světelné znečištění patří mezi mnoho druhů znečištění, které ohrožují naši planetu. Důvod jeho vzniku je vedlejší efekt průmyslové civilizace a jeho negativní dopad ohrožuje lidské zdraví, zvěř, rostlinstvo a klima. Cílem této bakalářské práce je vymezit koncept světelného znečištění, popsat způsoby měření a negativní dopady. Teoretická část bakalářské práce se zabývá definováním pojmu světelného znečištění a popisuje způsoby, jakými se světelné znečištění projevuje. Dále řeší možnosti měření světelného znečištění, a také diskutuje negativními dopady na lidské zdraví, přírodu, ekonomiku, bezpečnost a astronomii. Navazující kapitola popisuje parametry běžně užívaných světelných zdrojů pro veřejné osvětlení, a nakonec jsou probírány základní praktiky, které napomáhají snížit světelné znečištění a jsou doplněny příklady správně navrženými svítidly pro venkovní osvětlení. Praktická část této bakalářské práce se zabývá kvantitativním výzkumem, který měl za cíl objasnit úroveň povědomí o světelném znečištění mezi širokou veřejností. Data pro tento výzkum byla shromážděna pomocí dotazníkového šetření.
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Use of Luminance Analyser for the Quantification of Artificial Light at Night
Novák, Filip ; Motyčka, Martin (referee) ; Baxant, Petr (advisor)
This diploma thesis deals with obtrusive light and its measurement, especially with the help of luminance analyzers. In particular, the necessary theoretical basis for the design of a measuring methodology for obtrusive light or veil brightness of the sky is laid here. This mainly includes the division of obtrusive light and its manifestations, a description of the effects of obtrusive light on the environment, selected organisms and the human body. Also described herein are the biological mechanisms of the human body that are affected by light as such. Attention is also paid to streetlights, its classification and methods of reducing obtrusive light, as well as methods of measuring brightness and brightness analyzers. Last but not least, the night sky is also measured using the LumiDISP luminance analyzer and subsequent data are evaluated using the proposed method.
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Light pollution around Vlašim
Černíková, Veronika ; Matějček, Tomáš (advisor) ; Kocourek, David (referee)
This work is focused on the measurement of light pollution in the vicinity of the central Bohemian city of Vlašim. The research part is devoted to familiarization with the issue of light pollution. Different types of artificial light sources are discussed, the impact on humans and ecosystems is mentioned. The Sky Quality Meter was used to measure the brightness of the sky at 11 locations around Vlašim. Measurements at each site were made to 8 cardinal directions and at three different heights above the horizon. The measurement results were combined with visual observation and the largest sources of light pollution in the area were identified, which include the industrial area in the southeast of the city, the arms store Sellier & Bellot, a.s. and the Sapeli door store. Key words Light pollution, sky brightness, obtrusive light, public lighting, Vlašim
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Evaluation of the state and protection of environment in the Czech Republic – August/September 2023
Kyselá, Monika
The CVVM SOÚ AV ČR surveyed the environmental topics in the period from August to September 2023. Respondents were asked how satisfied or dissatisfied they were with the condition of the environment in the Czech Republic generally and in their place of residence. They were also asked to evaluate the situation in relation to various activities or facts that have an impact on the state of the environment.\n\nIn regard to the state of the environment, respondents rate the environment in their place of residence (79%) better than the overall state of the environment in the Czech Republic (72%), while satisfaction with the state of the environment in their place of residence and the Czech Republic as a whole has declined slightly year-on-year.\n\nThe most problematic perception is the traffic density in the place of residence. A majority of citizens are dissatisfied with the traffic situation in their place of residence (56%).\n\nOn the other hand, citizens are most satisfied in the long term with the availability of wildlife in their place of residence, with which more than four-fifths of them are satisfied according to the current survey (81%); three-quarters are also satisfied with the quality of drinking water (75%).\n\nWith the exception of the quality of drinking water, people living in rural areas are more satisfied with all areas of the environment in their place of residence compared to urban respondents. In contrast, people from the suburbs of large cities are significantly most satisfied with the quality of drinking water, followed by people from villages. The biggest differences in favour of villages over cities are observed in the case of light pollution, air cleanliness and cleanliness of the surrounding nature.
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Effect of artificial light at night on ecophysiological functions of plants
Ležal, Lukáš ; Konrádová, Hana (advisor) ; Lhotáková, Zuzana (referee)
Artificial light at night, as a significant source of anthropogenic pollution, has long been overlooked, both among the general public and in the scientific community as well as at the legislature level. Steps to reduce the negative impacts of artificial light at night have been taken late and to an insufficient extent, and it was the low general awareness that was one of the motivations for the bachelor thesis on this topic. Plants are a group of organisms that receive less attention than, for example, humans, although they far exceed them in ecological importance. Artificial light at night has the potential to alter the composition of plant communities and the food webs that are linked to them, of which humans are at the top. This is done by shifting plant phenological phases, disrupting the natural perception of day and night, modifying growth patterns and morphological characteristics, increasing irradiance stress or reducing the efficiency of photosynthesis. It is through a comprehensive knowledge of the interaction of plants with artificial light at night that society can effectively protect nature and introduce the necessary new standards and technologies to ensure sustainable development.
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The impact of architectural lighting on the environment of NKP Vyšehrad area
Kučera, Patrik ; Kárníková, Hana ; Maierová, Lenka
Architectural lighting performs an aesthetic function, accentuating the significance of historic buildings or important public spaces. At the time of the creation of historic buildings, the artificial night lighting of facades was neither affordable nor technologically feasible. The architecture was designed for daylighting, which is dynamic and creates different shadows and contrasts. With the coming of new powerful LED sources, lighting is becoming more and more involved in the atmosphere of the night environment, not only on festive occasions but also permanently. Intense cones of light create new, foreign elements in the nightscape. The increase in the frequency and intensity of electric lighting in the night environment contributes to light pollution that burdens nature and degrades the cultural landscape. The study analyses the illumination of the historic buildings of the Vyšehrad, assessing the effect of lighting on the monumental value of the buildings and the degree of interference with the natural environment of the park. Using brightness analysis, it monitors the adequacy of light use, identifies excessively illuminated areas, and places at risk of glare from light sources. The results demonstrate the contribution of architectural lighting to light pollution. Highintensity lighting and placement of light sources that do not support the plasticity of architectural detail affect the historical context in the environment - high contrasts affect visual comfort and user orientation. Light cones encroaching into the tree canopy have a negative impact. The excessive intensity and inappropriate direction of light are also detrimental to the wider context of the city.
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Plunging Brno into darkness: Measuring the contribution of public lighting to the total luminance of the night sky
Novák, F. ; Baxant, P.
The article deals with the description of measurements of night sky luminance in urban agglomeration with emphasis on the determination of changes in the values of these luminances when public and architectural lighting is temporarily turned off. The measurements took place in Brno, the second largest city in Czech Republic, with the population around 382 thousand. The presented paper is one of the perspectives on the impact of human activity on the surrounding environment and an example of a possible solution to quantify the impact of the introduction of technologies that directly or indirectly affect the environment not only for humans, but also for almost all forms of life.
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