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Greeting formulae in peripheral Akkadian
Mynářová, Jana ; Zemánek, Petr (advisor)
V jazykovém i historickém kontextu syropalestinské oblasti v pozdní dobe bronzové predstavují akkadsky psané dopisy zcela samostatný a intenzivne pojednávaný fenomén. Nedílnou soucástí techto textu jsou pak jejich úvodní pasáže tvorené adresou a zdravicí. S výjimkou mezinárodních smluv, které jsou však doloženy až z druhé poloviny tohoto období, tvorí práve dopisy jeden z hlavních pramenu našeho poznání jazykové situace i kulturne-historického vývoje tohoto regionu v 15.-12. století pr. n. l. Zde poprvé se v historickém vývoji akkadského jazyka objevuje v relativne standardizované podobe formální clenení dopisu. Ješte ve starobabylónském období je tato stránka dopisu pomerne jednoduchá a nevariabilní - vzorový dopis je tvoren výhradne jednoduchou adresou, jejíž odraz nacházíme i v námi zkoumaném korpusu textu (viz dále), která je bezprostredne následována vlastním sdelením. Ostatní, dobre známé floskule, jakými jsou projevy bezvýhradné poslušnosti a podrízenosti ve vztahu k nadrízené osobe, prípadne projevy prání všeho dobrého, zde nejsou zastoupeny. Jiste, v souvislosti se starobabylónskými dopisy hovoríme o textech z oblasti, kterou v tomto historickém období mužeme považovat za centrální a pisateli dopisu tak byli zejména rodilí mluvcí príslušného jazyka. Nicméne i obdobná korespondence pocházející ze...
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The ways of enriching the Arabic lexicon with a special respect to journalistic style
Bielický, Viktor ; Zemánek, Petr (advisor) ; Oliverius, Jaroslav (referee)
The present study consists of two parts. The first, theoretical part focuses on brief and mostly lexical characteristics of the Arabic media language style (Chapter 2) and describes in outline all word-formational methods used in Modern Standard Arabic for lexical innovation, especially in the field of scientific and technical vocabulary (Chapter 3), i.e. derivation (ištiqq), lexical borrowing (tacrb), composition (nah t), semantic extension (maz), and translation (tarama). The second part (Chapter 4), based on a digitalized corpus of newspaper texts (Lebanese daily newspaper al-H ayt), deals in detail with word-formational, structural, syntactic, and semantic analysis of selected one-word, compound and multi-word lexical units (collocations) in Modern Standard Arabic. An Arabic-Czech dictionary of all lexical material treated in the text is attached to the study (Appendix).
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Phonological Phenomena of Tunisian Arabic
Žišková, Veronika ; Pospíšil, Adam (advisor) ; Zemánek, Petr (referee)
(anglicky) This bachelor thesis deals with the phonology of Tunisian Arabic and aims to introduce and describe selected phonological phenomena of the most important Tunisian dialect, the dialect of the capital Tunis and its surroundings. The work is based on the use of secondary literature. In the introduction, I first introduces the chosen transcription. I briefly mention historical influences on Tunisian dialect and its sociolinguistic status in the context of Arab dialectology. The main part of the thesis focuses on phonological characteristics such as syllable structure, accent determination, vocal phonemes, consonant phonemes, diphthongs, vocal length changes, consonant gemination and consonant assimilation. In summary, the thesis tries to cover as wide a spectrum of phenomena as possible and focuses on some of them in more detail. Topics to which the largest space will is devoted are metathesis and vocal reduction. Finally, some morphonological phenomena related to phonological phenomena are considered. All important phenomena are illustrated on real language examples. In some cases, comparison with Modern Standard Arabic is also made to illustrate the existing differences. So far, very few publications have been devoted to Tunisian Arabic and its phonology. The aim of this work is to...
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Phonology of Masoretic Hebrew II: Accents As Prosody
Hedánek, Jiří ; Zemánek, Petr (advisor) ; Skoumalová, Hana (referee) ; Uličná, Lenka (referee)
A Dissertation Abstract to Phonology of Masoretic Hebrew II Accents As Prosody Jiří Hedánek řjh (2017) PMH II - Abstract Charles University, Faculty of Arts, Prague 1 Abstract The dissertation Phonology of Masoretic Hebrew: Accents as Prosody (2017) interprets Tiberian 'accents' as speech prosody marking. Traditionally, they are explained as signs for accenting, singing or syntax. But only some were placed on accents. They do not map well to music which has been shaped by local traditions more than the mark-up. Syntactic interpretation is based on dividing marks but many diverse marks link, no links lead outside of verses, some words have two different marks and simple verses often miss stronger dividers. Interpreting them as prosody explains why they gravitated to accent positions; why different musical renditions developed; why they often agree with syntax and sometimes they do not. First a general concept of prosody units is put forward. This is applied to Masoretic Hebrew and the focus turns to intonation. The previous dissertation Phonology of Masoretic Hebrew (2011) analyzed siluq, atnach, segolta, zaqeph, revia (also mugrash, and establishing garsha as a unit), geresh, gershayim, tevir, mercha (also kphula), tiphcha, tarcha and dechi. The 2017 dissertation analyzed (from printed editions, manuscripts...
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Corpus of Orkhon Runic Inscriptions
Kaas, Filip ; Zemánek, Petr (advisor) ; Zikmundová, Veronika (referee)
The goal of the submitted thesis is creating an electronic corpus of Old Turkic Orkhon runiform inscriptions. Author will argue the choice of texts he made; the minimum volume of textual material will be at least 30 000 characters. Author will propose a model of data structure that will connect inscriptions with their electronic counterpart (including discussion of the following problems: encoding of runes, transliteration and transcription) and also various other levels of description. Author will propose solution for basic segmentation problems (on both sentence, word and morphosyntactic level). Pilot version of corpus will be made accessible and the whole procedure will be described in the text of the thesis.
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Serial verb constructions in Arabic
Pospíšil, Adam ; Zemánek, Petr (advisor) ; Siegl, Florian (referee)
DIPLOMOVÁ PRÁCE SERIAL VERB CONSTRUCTIONS IN ARABIC Konstrukce sériových sloves v arabštině Bc. Adam Pospíšil Abstract The aim of this thesis is to investigate multi-verb structures in Egyptian Arabic (EA) which show some characteristics attributed to the typological notion of serial verb constructions (SVC). After providing a preliminary definition of an EA-specific SVC notion, the author examines a substantial quantity of data from EA, gathered mostly on social networks, in order to describe the syntactic and semantic behavíour of constructions which are yielded by such definition. Finally, the results of this investigation are considered from the perspective of the definition of SVC as a comparative concept provided by Haspelmath (2016), so as to view the observed constructions in a typological context.
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Exploring the Process of Reading in Modern Standard Arabic
Složilová, Eva ; Ondráš, František (advisor) ; Zemánek, Petr (referee) ; Gažáková, Zuzana (referee)
(English) The dissertation presents the findings of a mixed method research project aimed at analysing the process of reading in Modern Standard Arabic. Think aloud method represents the main instrument for collecting qualitative data in the form of verbal reports that the students produce while taking a test of reading comprehension. The test is used as an instrument for distinguishing good and poor readers whose reading strategies are analysed using protocol analyses. The resulting codes of reading strategies are then categorized and their specificities are discussed at length. Key words: Modern Standard Arabic, Arabic as a second language, construct of reading, reading comprehension, proficiency testing, reading aloud, reading strategies, think aloud, verbal protocols, validity.
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The Theory of Communication as an Explanatory Principle for the Natural Multilevel Text Segmentation
Milička, Jiří ; Zemánek, Petr (advisor) ; Cvrček, Václav (referee) ; Altmann, Gabriel (referee)
1. Phonemes, words, clauses and sentences are not a logical necessity of language, unlike distinctive features and morphemes. 2. Despite this, such nested segmentation is very firmly present in languages and in our concepts of language description, 3. because nested segmentation and inserting redundancy on multiple levels is an efficient way to get the language signal through the burst-noise channel. 4. There are various strategies how redundancy can be added and what kind of redundancy can be added. 5. The segment delimiter is expressed by some additional information and the amount of delimiting information is independent from the length of the seg- ment it delimits. This principle can serve as a basis for a successful model for the Menzerath's relation.
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The Idafa construction in Arabic and its morphosyntactic behaviour
Pospíšil, Adam ; Křivan, Jan (advisor) ; Zemánek, Petr (referee)
The so called Idafa construction is the central means for coding an attributive relation between two nominal phrases in Arabic. The semantics of the relation is rather vague, but it generally corresponds to a typical cross-linguistic concept of possession. This paper presents an analysis of the way this construction is marked, using the fundamental distinction between dependent-marking and head-marking features, which is outlined in Nichols (1986). It turns out that the traditional label classifying Idafa as a genitive construction can be misleading, since the morphosyntactic role of the genitive ending is rather dubious and it is rather the head-marking features that signal the presence of the relation. However, these features seem a little obscure since they do not dwell in adding a affixu to the head noun, but rather in imposing certain restrictions on the head (only bare heads are allowed and the head is left unspecified for the category of definiteness). In addition, as the analysis is aimed at the natural spoken use of Modern Standard Arabic, I take into account the socio-pragmatic variation presented by the possibility of reducing the nominal endings in speech, approached insightfully in Magidow (2009). These reductions give rise to a slightly different structural view of the morphosyntax of this...
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