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The concept of "upaja" in early medieval Japan. Utilisation of choosing the skillful means (upaya) during the dramatic changes of the so-called new Kamakura buddhist schools
Vrba, Petr ; Heřman, Robin (referee) ; Švarcová, Zdeňka (advisor)
There is a general opinion that during the Kamakura period (1185-1333) the scene of Japanese Buddhism has radically changed. But this change was possible only due to synchronisation of several factors that enabled the era or the society to be fit for that change. It's a fact that it was during these 150 years that the charismatic personages (Hnen, Shinran, Dgen, Nichiren) of founders of the most numerous Japanese Buddhist streams appeared. Nevertheless, various scholars have plausibly demonstrated that a striking majority of the so-called new elements had appeared many decades, even centuries before the Kamakura period. Similarly the delimitating of the so-called new movements against the traditional schools (as well as their proclaimed decline) proves dubious gaps. An important role in their relation to other schools was played by the usage of the traditional Buddhist concept of choosing the skilful means (sa. upya, jap. hben). Another remarkable common feature is that all these founders had claimed that salvation could be achieved by doing "only" one technique (one chosen by them). But this has never happened in Japan before or after the Kamakura period. In this paper I am primarily trying to answer one cardinal question: "What factors allowed for this exceptional situation?" I will proceed from the...
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Infotainment in a contemporary journalistics
KOPÁČEK, Ondřej
The final thesis ``Infotainment in Contemporary Journalistics`` is focused on the mapping of the occurrence of a brand-new feature. It is the penetrating, or better to say the growing of the portion of entertainment in contemporary journalistic texts. The entertaining function used to be characteristic for certain journalistic texts in the past, but at present it often interferes in those texts for which seriousness and fair-mindedness were typical. This feature is not only connected with total change of the world´s society, but it also has connection with political and economical system of the Czech Republic. The principle of market economy made the serious press change {--} it would not be able to compete with cheaper, more coloured, and for some people much more entertaining tabloid press. The thesis is not divided into the theoretical and practical part. The theoretical explanation is immediately followed by the practical part with examples and chapters are used for the actual subdivision of the thesis. Using of the terms is explained in the introductory part (such as journalistics, humour) and there are also a few notes about the history of journalistics. The chapters make up the main part of the thesis (such as Humour in Commentaries, Making Use of Metaphors in Journalistics, Headline and its Function in Contemporary Journalistics etc.), in which specific examples of using humour in journalistics are analysed. Language material was gathered from ``Právo``Daily from 2005 {--} 2007.
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Analysis of pension reform with the introduction of a link between the number of children and pension
Bělošický, Alexandr ; Klazar, Stanislav (advisor) ; Hartlová, Alena (referee)
This thesis focuses on the analysis of non-traditional approach to reforming the pay-as-you-go pension system by introducing a link between the number of children and the amount of pension, which is known as the Children PAYG. An analysis of the concept in general and of specific proposals for reform with its application is performed in the analytical part. Attention is also given to related topics. One of them is to assess the impact of the pension system on fertility. Further issue is to examine the costs of raising a child that are shared by parents and society as a whole. One of the main outputs of this thesis is a summary of positive and negative features of the Children PAYG concept. The concept is considered applicable in domestic conditions based on this analysis. Finally there are two recommended approaches to the Czech pension reform, the first one is based on the concept of Children PAYG with limiting the role of family policy, the second one is based on maintaining current pay-as-you-go system in a limited form of so-called flat-rate pension with strengthening the role of family policy in financing the costs of raising children.
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Feminist Interpretation of the Qur'an
Obersteinová, Michaela ; Hošek, Pavel (advisor) ; Balabán, Milan (referee)
The aim of this paper is to introduce the feminist interpretation of the Qur'ān in its main features and to try to define its key hermeneutical principles. First, the historical formation and development of Qur'ānic exegesis (tafsīr) is outlined with special attention to particular exegetical trends of the twentieth century. Second, the reader is introduced with the historical context of the origin of feminist movement in Muslim society and its basic characteristics and categorization (two types of feminism constituted in the course of time - secular and Islamic). The main chapter examines feminist interpretation of the Qur'ān based on the work of four leading feminist authors (Riffat Hassan, Azizah al- Hibri, Amina Wadud a Asma Barlas) and presents its central themes and methodology. An outline of Islamic feminist hermeneutics is given in conclusion. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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J.K.Toole, Kurt Vonnegut, Jr. and Ken Kesey: Authority and Grotesque in the U.S. Literature of The 1960s.
Kocmichová, Linda ; Ulmanová, Hana (advisor) ; Sukdolová, Alice (referee) ; Olehla, Richard (referee)
The dissertation focuses on the impact of authority and grotesque in the U.S. literature of the 1960s. The key theoretical approaches used for the analysis were: Bakhtinian theory concerning popular carnival culture and Vizenor's theory concerning tricksters, Deleuzian notion of repetition and schizoanalysis and the theory of Foucault concerning power and anti- authority struggles. The main task of the analysis was to trace the common and differentiating features which were demonstrated in the novels in the form of anti-authority struggles and forms of madness, which is viewed as a deliberating force. The authors were chosen for their challenging attitudes toward the forms of power exercised over the American society and for the usage of the grotesque as a tool to convey a subversive message. The analysed authors were John Kennedy Toole and his A Confederacy of Dunces, Kurt Vonnegut Jr. and his Slaughterhouse 5 and Ken Kesey's One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest.
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Domestic violence and its prevention
Dvořáková, Petra ; Zapletal, Josef (advisor) ; Vanduchová, Marie (referee)
Domestic violence as a negative social phenomenon of our society has started to be considered as a serious topic in the Czech Republic in the last few years. It has started to be discussed in public in the 90's. Before, it was considered as a private matter not supposed to be governed by the law or any other state regulations. The aim of this thesis is to describe domestic violence in the light of criminological aspects of this topic. It is focused on concept and definitions of domestic violence, its phenomenology and etiology. Attention is paid to the victim of domestic violence, influence of domestic violence on her psyche and behavior, consequences of domestic violence and relationship between the victim and the aggressor. At least but not last there is mentioned a prevention of domestic violence and efficient help offered to victims. There are many definitions of domestic violence and we cannot say that only one is correct. Domestic violence is very comprehensive and a complicated phenomenon so it is not possible to assign only one definition as generally valid. However, it has some typical features: domestic violence differs from other violent acts in the existence of intimate relationship between aggressor and his victim, it happens in privacy and mostly without witnesses, it happens...
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The economic policy occupied Bohemia and Moravia
Mazanec, Milan ; Jakubec, Ivan (advisor) ; Szobi, Pavel (referee)
The focus of the thesis is the economic policy is the occupied Bohemia and Moravia. On the first place the attention is turned to the German vision of capturing Czech capital along with the description of German politics' long-term goals and integrating the protectoral economics into the economy of the Third Reich as a whole. The thesis gives insight into the manner of capturing Czech businesses through German capital, the determination of production volume in individual industry branches and the redistribution of commodities. By discussing the above given features, the thesis describes the whole process of germanization, which captured the field of economics. The thesis depicts the allocation of power between the occupants and the protectoral government as well as its influence on Nazi decisions. Further on the thesis is devoted to social changes arising due to the occupation. The thesis also gives space to discuss German war propaganda, radicalization of society and the Nazi power status, as well as to the aims for destruction of German intentions from the Czech side, be it on political or resistance level.
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Settlement in criminal proceedings
Hegerová, Klára ; Bohuslav, Lukáš (advisor) ; Vokoun, Rudolf (referee)
The topic of this diploma thesis is the settlement in criminal proceedings, one of diversions, or also alternatives to typical course and outcome of criminal proceedings. The settlement was incorporated into the Czech Criminal Procedure Code by the amendment n. 152/1995 Sb. with the effect on 1st September 1995. The settlement is an institute of criminal procedure law originating in restorative justice principles and its goal is to restore affected relationship between the defendant and the victim. Then proceedings of the settlement should not serve only to compensate the victim, as is sometimes perceived by the public, but also to clarify causes of the conflict during the active participation of both parties and to assume personal responsibility for the crime committed which may have significant effects in terms of criminal prevention. Despite the fact that the settlement is a form of diversion beneficial to the defendant (it leads to cessation of prosecution), victim (it is faster to obtain the compensation) and society (prevention from committing other crimes, relieving courts in favour of complex and serious crimes), it is rarely used in practice. In the first chapter I generally deal with the concept of diversions in criminal proceedings, their fundamental characteristics and common features...
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Women in the role of companies
Fritscherová, Julie ; Hubinková, Zuzana (advisor) ; Kaštovská, Lenka (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to analyze the current situation of women in managerial positions in relation to the obstacles that hinder their career progression, as well as naming the features and capabilities that they prefer, and to characterize the possible existence of female leadership style. The theoretical part focuses on the role of women in society, concepts related to gender issues and the difference between management and leadership. I also deal with selected models describing the approach of managers to their subordinates. In the practical part based on qualitative research methods, I find out what opinion managers have to that situation in the Czech Republic. In conclusion, the thesis provides recommendations for a more detailed investigation of the area.
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