|
A method for the visualization of high phase gradients in a microscopic image
Druckmüllerová, Hana ; Martišek, Dalibor (referee) ; Chmelík, Radim (advisor)
Holografická mikroskopie je nekonvenční mikroskopická technika, vhodná zvláště pro vzorky s malou optickou hustotou, která umožňuje zviditelnit index lomu pozorovaných objektů. Na Ústavu fyzikálního inženýrství Fakulty strojního inženýrství VUT v Brně byl sestrojen unikátní transmisní digitální holografický mikroskop (TDHM). Pořízené snímky (hologramy) jsou zpracovány metodou založenou na Fourierově ransformaci, čímž je zrekonstruována intenzita a fáze světelné vlny procházející pozorovaným objektem. Fáze popisuje index lomu a tloušťku pozorovaného objektu. V místech, kde se mění index lomu nebo tloušťka, dochází i ke změně fáze. Úkolem této bakalářské práce bylo najít metodu pro zviditelnění míst s vysokým gradientem fáze. Podařilo se vytvořit metodu, která nevyžaduje navazování fáze, a proto je vhodná pro libovolné obrazy pořízené TDHM. Tato metoda byla implementována do počítačového programu Gradient3D, který kromě výpočtu gradientu ve dvou a třech rozměrech umožňuje i vytváření barevných obrazů, jejichž složkami jsou kombinace intenzity, fáze a gradientu. Program též umožňuje odstranění falešných gradientů v místech s nízkou intenzitou, kde je hodnota fáze nespolehlivá. Program byl testován na několika souborech hologramů pořízených TDHM při pozorování biologických vzorků.
|
|
Elitism in nursing
KUČEROVÁ, Kateřina
The topic ``Elitism in nursing{\crqq} was chosen based on the author´s interest in this issue, which is considered very attractive, and tributary to the present time, when nursing in our country is undergoing a revolutionary change. Nurses gain new competences and become partners of physicians, new legislature related to the profession comes into effect continuously, there is an effort to enhance the prestige of nurses and thereby to increase their status in the eyes of both the medical and general public. As mentioned above, the entire field of nursing, the nursing education system and the nursing profession in our country has been undergoing a fundamental transformation for some time, which places high demands on information, lifelong learning, free access to the latest information on the course of events not only in our country but especially on the international professional scene. Nursing is a field that has multiple layers - from basic nursing care, which is within the competence of nurses, to a specialized nursing and superspecialized care, which requires thanks to advances in nursing science the highest possible level of education. To define the elite of the nursing profession, it is necessary to specify the elite as an exclusive social group. Through this study the author tried to describe the issue of elitism in nursing in a comprehensive form. The objective was to briefly characterize the current situation in terms of the relationship between different groups of nurses and also debate over the question: "What does it take to be a nurse?" Is it the knowledge of an intricate technique or empathic wiping sweat from a patient´s forehead? The new century makes the nurse think about the concept of extended roles in nursing, which should help elevate social status of the profession. A negative feature is that a nurse has been detracted from the kind of work for which she had become a nurse - the nursing care of a patient and the care of basic biological needs of a patient. Due to this aspect, a lot of nurses believe that enhancing the prestige of the nursing profession is not compatible with the term ``menial{\crqq} job relating to nursing. The research outcomes showed that in Czech nursing, there is a status called elitism, and that there are disciplines perceived as exclusive, the relationship between professionalization and elitism was also proved. The research survey noted a big shift in improving communication between nurses and patients compared to the past years, and the author hopes that also a better communication between nurses will contribute to the improvement of relations on both sides, both the exclusive and the so-called common, because a truly elite - exceptional nurse is the one who combines education with a good character.
|
|
Model of experimentally regulated expression of dipeptidylpeptidase IV in glioma cell lines
Trylčová, Jana
Model of experimentally regulated expression of dipeptidyl peptidase IV in glioma cell lines Abstract "Dipeptidyl peptidase IV Activity and/or Structure Homologues" (DASH) represent a newly defined group of multifunctional molecules, typically bearing dipeptidyl peptidase IV- like hydrolytic activity. Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV, EC 3.4.14.5, identical to CD26) cleaves out X-Pro dipeptides from the N-terminus of peptides. Recent knowledge shows substantial role of DASH in cancer pathogenesis. Here we present (i) an overview of the issue of DASH molecules and their functional substrates in the neuroectodermal tumor and (ii) a preparation of stable transfected human glioblastoma cell lines with inducible gene expression of DPPIV. Vectors containing human DPPIV gene and its mutated form in the catalytic active site have been prepared to assess the importance of the enzymatic activity of the final product. This will enable us to study the biological role of DPPIV in genesis and progression of neuroectodermal tumors - cells growth, invasion and migration of transformed glial cells in vitro. Moreover, complex role of DPPIV will be studied using a model of homotopic application of transfected cells into the brain of immunodeficient mice. Prepared cell lines provide more consistent information about DPPIV from...
|
|
Homosexuality in the view of culturology
Ježková, Jitka ; Opletalová, Lenka (referee) ; Soukup, Václav (advisor)
The subject matter of this degree paper is homosexuality as a biologically given sexual orientation and, at the same time, as a cultural phenomenon. An attempt to treat it from a culturological point of view issues from its duality; the duality we can observe also in the case of sexuality itself. The culturological perspective allows for interdisciplinary understanding of the problem with the help of psychology, sociology and cultural anthropology, taking account of the historical development of attitudes to homosexuality and current trends like the cultural and queer studies. The first part of the paper is dedicated to the psychological development of an individual and peculiarities of such development if the individual is homoerotically oriented. The section named "Homosexuality in the Cultural Context" summarizes the situation of homosexually oriented and homosexually behaving people in the history of Europe and North America. Special chapters describe the state acknowledged forms of bonds of marriage of the people having the same sex in the world and in the Czech Republic. The paper is further aimed at the institute of family, its transformations in the course of times and at the current trend being directed at its new forms. One of such forms is homoparentality, too. The subject of the last section is...
|
|
The Human Body as a Cultural Construction
Kunstýř, Štěpán ; Soukup, Václav (advisor) ; Soukup, Martin (referee)
The object of the paper is a theoretical analysis of the human body phenomenon as a distinctive cultural construction. Particular attention will be payed to forces by which, in a concrete cultural context, the body is transformed into symbolic and semiotic category, shared by members of a given culture. The paper aims to utilize the scientific potential of anthropology, which studies the human being as a unique unity of both superorganic and somatic components, verifying the hypothesis that the human body is not only a biological organism, but in the enculturation process becomes a symbolic object- a "somatized culture". Key Words body; symbol; culture; system
|
|
Model of experimentally regulated expression of dipeptidyl peptidase IV in glioma cell lines
Němečková, Jana ; Šedo, Aleksi (advisor) ; Vaníčková, Zdislava (referee)
"Dipeptidyl peptidase IV Activity and/or Structure Homologues" (DASH) represent a newly defined group of multifunctional molecules, typically bearing dipeptidyl peptidase IV-like hydrolytic activity. Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV, EC 3.4.14.5, identical to CD26) cleaves out X-Pro dipeptides from the N-terminus of peptides. Recent knowledge shows substantial role of DASH in cancer pathogenesis. Here we present (i) an overview of the issue of DASH molecules and their functional substrates in the neuroectodermal tumor and (ii) a preparation of stable transfected human glioblastoma cell lines with inducible gene expression of DPPIV. Vectors containing human DPPIV gene and its mutated form in the catalytic active site have been prepared to assess the importance of the enzymatic activity of the final product. This will enable us to study the biological role of DPPIV in genesis and progression of neuroectodermal tumors - cells growth, invasion and migration of transformed glial cells in vitro. Moreover, complex role of DPPIV will be studied using a model of homotopic application of transfected cells into the brain of immunodeficient mice. Prepared cell lines provide more consistent information about DPPIV from the point of view of its "autocrine" importance for the expressing cells, as well as its potential...
|
|
Analysis of clients of "House of three wishes" and their family background
Škodová, Klára ; Pazlarová, Hana (advisor) ; Turnovská, Elena (referee)
Diploma thesis "Analysis of Dům tří přání clients and their family background" presents the current system of care for children at risk in the historical development of children`s rights protection, social-legal protection of children; actual concept of particular departments, state administration, and non-government sector. The social-legal protection of children in the Czech Republic is segmental and is not enough to guarantee children`s rights to live in their biological families in case of support shortage. The forthcoming transformation and unification of the system of care for children is a great appeal for improving the cooperative work of all concerned in this field. One of the important element of the system, acting as a part of prevention of putting children into the institutions with constitutional education, is the civil association "Dům tří přání" which is authorized in providing the social-legal protection of children, and devices for children requiring immediate help. With the help of analysis of family background of children who are the clients of "Dům tří přání", and processing of selected statistical data, the given diploma thesis specifies some functional methods of working with children at risk and their families, directed to the safe family background and child`s development in the family.
|
|
The spiritual life of a lay male. Theological and psychological base, social transformations and expectations
Šmídek, Martin ; Kohut, Pavel Vojtěch (advisor) ; Sládek, Karel (referee)
Title : Spiritual life of a male laic. Theological and psychological base, social metamorphosis and expectations. Keywords : male spirituality, masculinity, marriage life, gender studies, spiritual theology. Annotation : Spiritual life of a man living in a marriage is explored from various points of view. Studying biblical narratives about the creation of man showed constitutive differences between male and female, as well as their special symmetry connected with life roles. Differences in Jesus' behaviour towards a man or a woman were observed and classified. Notion of "social womb" used in family psychotherapy was generalized to suit the description of a male spiritual life in the context of a marriage and family life. Metamorphosis of a father's status in history was briefly shown and focus was made on contemporary situation. Influences of feminism and gender studies were also explored. Statistical surveys showing significant diminution of Christianity in the Czech Republic lead to the idea of "latent spirituality" which was proposed for the sake of possibility to study the early stages of a male's belief. Examples of feedback loops among biological, psychological and spiritual processes were shown in their positive and negative roles.
|
|
Control Problems in Epidemiology
Čížek, Pavel ; Pražák, Dalibor (referee) ; Milota, Jaroslav (advisor)
Na/.ev prace; Ki/cnf \) eh modeled] Aulor: Pavel Ci/ek Kaledra; Kaledra matemaliekc analy/.y Vcdouef bakala'rskc prace: Doc. KNDr. Jarosla\. CSc. c-inait vedouci'ho: niilota(« karlin.mff.cuni.c/ Ahsirakl: V predlo/cne praci studujeme model maso\. inlekcm mikropara/iiicke epidcinie. Co oduv.eni" modeiu, klcre \ycha/( / hiologickyeh po/nulku o sludovaiicni lypu epideiuii. u\a\liine |eho /a'kladm nialeniaiicke \htslmMi. /.axx'dcni'in ock(i\';ii:i' niotlei iransloriiiujcrnc. I);ile ^o /ah\\anie \laslnosUni feseni piivodm'ho i iransiorinox anelio niodelu a siahililou siaciona'nueli Inidii. PoroMuixanfni vysiedkii pro model puvodm a model iran>Jormovan\, /da je ocko\ain' /.a\edeno spra\-nc. lA.idinie i jiiie mo/noMi jcho /a\'edem. N;is!cdnc se /.ahvvanie cenou Icehy a ockovant'. Illedamc linancne n e j \ i re^cnf ma/k\k \'clikou cast populace oekovat. Tiile; Isi/em \h modeled! Auihor: Pa\el C ' f / e k Departnicnl: Kaledra iimlematickr aiialv/y Sii|)er\: Doe. RNDr. Jaio^lax Miloia. C'Se. Super\s e-mail adress: nii]o{a('1''karliu.n)tT.cuni.c/ Ahsii'acl: In the present work \\ studx a model of a ma^-action mieniparasiue epidoniic. After the deduction of llie motlel. \\lilcli issues from biologic in for uiafioii ahiui! ihe studied l\pe of epidemic. \\ mention basic maihematic.il chaiactcrislies. \\"e transform die...
|
|
Glycophenotype of head and neck carcinomas
Chovanec, Martin ; Smetana, Karel (advisor) ; Mandys, Václav (referee) ; Martínek, Jindřich (referee)
1 THESIS The thesis deals with the glycophenotype analysis of normal squamous cell epithelia, and head and neck squamous cell carcinomas. Many research projects focus on improving patients prognosis studying biological properties of the tumor. The alterations of carbohydrate motives occur during cell differentiation and carcinogenesis. Lectins are proteins that bind to specific carbohydrate structures. Animal lectins, including human lectins, consist of five subfamilies according to their binding specifity. Much attention is paid to the investigation of galectins - -galactoside binding proteins. Their carbohydrate recognitive function is not dependent on the presence of Ca2+ ions, contrary to the other lectin types. Galectins play important roles in many biological processes, e.g. in adhesion, intercellular interactions, immunomodulation, inflammation, cell growth, apoptosis, pre-mRNA splicing. Alterations in any of these might contribute to the malignant transformation and cancer progression. Endogenous lectins (galectins, Langerin, Manose receptor) were detected using immunohistochemistry, galectin-binding sites were localized by lectin histochemistry. Reverse lectin histochemistry was employed for the study of glycosaminoglycan binding sites. Human (squamous cell epithelia of the oral cavity, oropharynx...
|
guest ::
