|
Enviromental and social aspects of the settlement structure in the prehistory (since the neolithic) and early middle ages
Nový, Petr ; Popelka, Miroslav (referee) ; Kuna, Martin (advisor)
Krajina na severozápad od Prahy je krajinou s bohatou historií. Nejpádnějším důvodem, pro který byla tato pracovní oblast zvolena, nebyla jen předpokládaná nadprůměrná četnost archeologických lokalit, nýbrž i důvěrná znalost území. Členité území nepříliš velké rozlohy s bohatou nálezovou základnou se jeví takřka jako ideální pro zamýšlené zpracování vlivu přírodních a sociálních aspektů na strukturu osídlení. Oproti jiným podobným pracím si tato však klade za cíl dobrat se pokud možno nezkreslených výsledků, je tedy nutné pracovat s přesnými vstupními daty, precizně je zpracovat i věnovat velkou opatrnost při zacházení a výkladu výsledných informací. V práci této dochází ke spojení manuální práce s mapovými podklady, znalostí terénu a geografických informačních systémů. K uspokojivému zvládnutí problematiky je zapotřebí sledovat nejen data archeologická, ale i přírodovědecká. Není možné se při zpracovávání takovéto problematiky spokojit pouze s "plochými" daty zastupujícími jednotlivé lokality či komponenty v mapových či textových podkladech, aniž bychom se s nimi seznámili přímo v terénu. Každá komponenta je individuálním projevem přítomnosti našich předků v krajině a jako takovou ji musíme nakonec brát. Nicméně tento směr (při předem přesně definovaných otázkách) archeologických prací nabývá na intenzitě....
|
|
Early works of Libuše Moníková as a reflection of the collective mamory
Hájková, Markéta ; Rösch, Gertrud Maria (advisor) ; Tvrdík, Milan (referee)
The work deals with the reflection of collective memory in the early works of Libuše Moníková. The second chapter presents German writer of Czech origin Libuše Moníková, her way into writerhood and the possibilities to classify her works into exile and migration literature. The third chapter describes the concepts of collective memory: the concept of collective memory introduced by Maurice Halbwachs, the later conception of communicative and cultural memory developed by Jan Assmann and the project "places of memory" created by Pierre Nora. The fourth chapter consists of analyses of two first novels of Libuše Moníková "Eine Schädigung" (1981) und "Pavane für eine verstorbene Infantin" (1983) applying the theoretic concepts. On the one hand the results of the analyses showes, that all three concepts of collective memory are mirrored in the early works of Libuše Moníková. On the other hand the analysis demonstrates that both elements of the specific Czech collective memory and elements which the Czechs share with other European nations are represented in these texts. To the first elements belong for example the mythical princess Libussa, Vyšehrad, Hussitism or the National Revival, to the second for instance the events connected with the year 1968. Collective memory is in the texts reflected by means of...
|
|
The entertainment and behaviour of Italians in the Early Middle Ages through the eyes of the Bohemian cavaliers
Šlejmarová, Silvie ; Kubiš, Karel (advisor) ; Hojda, Zdeněk (referee)
Pokud bych se měla pokusit o zařazení této práce do kontextu různých přístupů uplatňovaných v moderní historiografii, zdá se mi, že kolísá někde mezi pokusem o náhled na italskou realitu prvních stoletích novověku vnímanou prizmatem historické antropologie a dějin každodennosti. Z obou dvou směrů jsem se na jejích stránkách snažila uplatnit to nejlepší, co nabízejí, ať už se jedná o historicko - antropologické zaměření se na specifické případy, roli symbolismu v každodenním životě společnosti projevující se navenek v podobě různých gest, zvyků a rituálů důležitých pro utváření a udržení určité představy světa a úzkou návaznost na výsledky sociologického a antropologického bádání.! Z dějin každodennosti jsem si vypůjčila zase důraz na opakovatelnost, všednost a stereotyp, které se v kontextu cestování po Apeninském poloostrově ukázaly také celkově velmi důležitými komponentami v životě elit. Nehledě na tyto dva odlišné přístupy k historickému materiálu bylo mým cílem se především co nejvíce přiblížit k tomu, co nabízejí dějiny kultury vnímané v tom nejširším slova smyslu, které hlavně v posledních zhruba dvaceti letech dodaly historické vědě dostatečně silné impulsy podněcující výzkum v oblasti slavností, festivit a způsobů prožívání volného času vnímaných jako významný prostředek pro rekonstrukci mentality...
|
| |
|
Right to respect private and family life in case-law of the European Court of Human Rights
Jandáčková, Tereza ; Honusková, Věra (advisor) ; Scheu, Harald Christian (referee)
R I G H T T O R E S P E C T F O R P R I V A T E A N D F A M I L Y L I F E I N T H E C A S E - L A W O F T H E E U R O P E A N C O U R T O F H U M A N R I G H T S Abstract The aim of the thesis is to explain wording and application of the Article 8 of the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (the Convention) from the perspective of the European Court of Human Rights (the ECHR). The scope of Article 8, which guarantees the right to respect for private and family life, is very broad. For this reason the thesis especially deals with the issue of the right of the child to know his/her origin and information about his/her early childhood. In particular it attempts to outline the way how the ECHR deals with the conflict of the right to know one's origin with the right of the parent to stay anonymous. The thesis is divided into five chapters which illustrate the particular aspects of the application of Article 8. These chapters are linked through the judgements Gaskin, Mikulić, Odiévre, Jäggi and Phinirikadou which are related to the right of the child to know his/her origin. Chapter 1 provides with the general introduction to the protection of human rights at the European level and also analyses the Convention and the ECHR. The goal of chapter 2 is to outline the inner...
|
|
Illegitimate relationship of Přemysl Otakar II. and Anežka from Kuenring in the context of Přemysľs Austrian politics in fiftiens of 13. century
Trachtová, Hana ; Šarochová, Gabriela (advisor) ; Sládková, Kateřina (referee)
Illegitimate relationship of Přemysl Otakar II. and Anežka of Kuenring in the context of Přemysl's Austrian politics in the 1250s Hana Trachtová 2010 The aim of this thesis is to demonstrate how the private life of Přemysl Otakar II. was interconnected with his political activities in the 1250s. The assumption is that choosing Anežka of Kuenring as the king's mistress was not accidental, but that it was motivated, among other reasons, also politically. The work covers development of Bohemian-Austrian relations in the Middle Ages up to the early 1260s. It follows the progress of the struggle for the Babenberg heritage as well as other Přemysl's activities in the 1250s. It links Přemysl's political acts to his family issues and it also deals with his relation to the Kuengring family. Attention is also devoted to Přemysl's offspring born out of wedlock, his effort to legitimize three of them and to their further life stories.
|
|
The Persistence of Human Polyomaviruses
Blažková, Kristýna ; Drda Morávková, Alena (advisor) ; Kuthan, Martin (referee)
Despite years of research, even the most scrutinized Polyomaviruses - BK and JC - have not yet been thoroughly understood. With a number of new Polyomaviruses - KIV, WUV, MCV, HPyV6, HPyV7, TSV and HPyV9 described in the past few years, the need to understand how Polyomaviruses operate in their hosts has become even more urgent. The probable route of transmission appears to be either respiratory or faecal-oral. The initial infection occurs most likely in the early childhood or early-adolescence and is followed by a life-long persistence. The seroprevalence of Human Polyomaviruses among healthy adult population is high: BKV (81-97 %), JCV (35-69 %), KIV (55 %), WUV (69 %), MCV (25-46 %) and TSV (70-80 %). Human Polyomaviruses can cause fatal diseases in immunocompromised patients. The site of persistence in humans probably varies depending on the specific Polyomavirus. BK and JC are known to persist in kidneys and the urinary tract. Human Polyomaviruses have been detected in the lymphatic tissues, blood, respiratory, urinary, and gastrointestinal systems. It is not clear, however, if they persist in all of these sites. Mechanisms which Polyomaviruses use to establish and maintain persistent infection could include the viral miRNA and viral agnoprotein, which would result in a modulation of viral...
|
|
Mophological and molecular diversity of a tropical tree species Guazuma crinita in the Peruvian Amazon
Tuisima Coral, Lady Laura ; Lojka, Bohdan (advisor) ; Helena, Helena (referee)
Fast growing tree species Guazuma crinita (Malvaceae) was selected as a priority species for domestication in the Peruvian Amazon due its important contribution to the livelihood of local farmers. Its domestication process is still in an early age as for many tropical tree species little is known about its genetic variability and we dont know anything about the impact of domestication on its genetic resources. The main objective of this research was to assess the genetic variability of G. crinita within and among populations in the Peruvian Amazon by the use of morphological (wood physical traits) and molecular (ISSR and AFLP) markers.
Wood physical properties among six G. crinita provenances were evaluated. Wood samples were drilled from the base middle and top of the stem of 12 randomly selected eight-years-old trees for determination of wood measurement. Pearson correlations between physical properties were also determined. All wood physical properties except green density differed significantly among provenances. We also found statistically significant variation due to stem level position. The moderately dense wood and the coefficient of anisotropy (1.6) suggested that G. crinita has stable wood; they represent important advantages in terms of costs for transport and transformation process. The results suggested potential to select provenances with desirable wood properties for further breeding and domestication. Due to the variation found even in limited tree samples it is recommended further analysis with more extensive number of samples from different provenances and planting zones.
This research presents the first assessment of genetic variability based on inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers for 44 G. crinita genotypes from a clonal garden multiplication established in the Peruvian Amazon Research Institute (IIAP) in Ucayali region. Ten ISSR primers amplified a total of 65 bands of which 61 were polymorphic (93.8%). The range of DNA amplification varied from 260 to 2200 bp. Among the provenances overall genetic differentiation (Gst) was 0.03 indicating 97% of genetic diversity within provenances. Gene flow (Nm) was 12.9 alleles per generation. Cluster analysis was not related with geographic origin suggesting a common gene pool which was supported by calculation of weak positive correlation was found between genetic and geographic distance.
With the use of AFLP markers an insight on how domestication process does impact G. crinita genetic resources is also reported on this research work. I was able to generate fingerprint for 58 leaf samples representing eight provenances and three population types, 19 from a natural regenerated population 15 cultivated in home garden nursery and 24 from a collection of genotypes considered as semi-domesticated population. Seven selective AFLP primer combinations were used. A total of 171 fragments were amplified with 99.42% of polymorphism at species level. Each type of population generated fragments with 72.51% 49.12% and 54.39% of polymorphic fragments respectively. Neis genetic diversity and Shannon index information were found to be higher in the population of natural regeneration compared to overall semi-domesticated population (He = 0.10 and 0.9; I = 0.19 and 0.16 respectively). The analysis of molecular variation (AMOVA) showed higher variation within provenances rather than among (84% and 4% respectively). UPGMA clusters analysis and PCoA did not showed correspondence between genetic and geographic distance in addition their correlation was not significant. There was a significant genetic differentiation among types of population suggesting slight genetic bottleneck in semi-domesticated populations yet with relatively high levels of genetic variation.
In situ conservation for populations with high levels of genetic diversity was recommended. In addition proper management of natural regeneration and ex situ genotype collections might be a good conservation strategy to maintain G. crinita genetic resources.
The use of morphological (wood physical traits) and molecular markers were successful to reveal genetic variability of G. crinita and they could be used for other tropical tree species. For further researches it is emphasis to extent the number of samples and geographic scale.
|
|
The Question of Freedom and Personality in Early Works of Nicolai Berdyaev
Múčka, Jakub ; Švec, Ondřej (advisor) ; Nykl, Hanuš (referee)
Even though the theme of freedom and personality is crucial in the philosophy of N. A. Berdyayev, the topic is not found directly in the early work of the author. However it stands in the background of its development. I study in my following work the question of freedom and personality in an early work of the author in the years 1900 -1905, when Berdyayev went through a special ideological path from so called Legal Marxism, through different variants of idealism (neo-Kantianism, Nietzscheism) to a definite inclination to Christianity, ie. religion of God-humanity. In my work I try to not only study the author's original concept of philosophical anthropology including any potential changes, but also to assess to what extent was the theme of freedom and personality of Berdyayev crucial for his development to his mature work.
|
|
The Aspirations and Ascent of George Washington in the Context of His Times: From His Early Years to the End of the Revolutionary War
Sýkora, Stanislav ; Raková, Svatava (advisor) ; Calda, Miloš (referee) ; Kovář, Martin (referee)
George Washington's relatively obscure beginnings did not preclude him from admiring and acquainting himself with chivalrous role models and genteel guidelines. Longing for recognition, Washington sought opportunities to serve his influential patrons to merit their further approbation. The dissertation sets Washington's aspirations in the context of honor-based sociocultural milieu of his day and thus provides the reader with an insight into the conventional aspects of his ascent to the upper echelons of the colonial society of Virginia. At the time of the Revolution, Washington's military reputation, leadership, and admirable character earned him a unanimous election to the chief command of the American armies. The complexity of Washington's venture of accepting, exercising, and ultimately resigning the supreme military powers in relation to his reputation and sense of patriotic duty is thoroughly analyzed. Key words: George Washington, convention, ascent, ambition, patriotism, virtue
|
guest ::
