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Dentists' knowledge of temporomandibular joint problems from the point of view of physiotherapy in the Czech environment
Stupková, Petra ; Buriánková, Jitka (advisor) ; Vokounová, Šárka (referee)
Author: Bc. Petra Stupková Supervisor: Mgr. Jitka Buriánková Title: Knowledge of dentists about Temporomandibular joint dysfunction in Czech area Aims: The main aim of the thesis is to map the knowledge of dentists regarding temporomandibular joint disorders from the perspective of physiotherapy and contribute to improving interdisciplinary collaboration. Methods: The aim of the thesis is to map the awareness of dentists in the Czech Republic regarding the issues of functional disorders in the temporomandibular joint from the perspective of physiotherapy and the state of interdisciplinary cooperation. Furthermore, it seeks to enhance the awareness of interdisciplinary collaboration between these two professions. Results: A survey conducted among dentists practicing in the Czech Republic reveals that they observe a very low incidence of temporomandibular disorders among their patients. Dentists who refer their patients for physiotherapy report the treatment outcomes as unequivocally positive. The most common reason for referring patients to physiotherapy is pain in the area of the temporomandibular joint. On the other hand, the main reason why some dentists do not refer their patients for physiotherapy is the lack of availability of specialized physiotherapists. A significant majority of respondents...
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Bacterial enzyme activities and molecular mechanism of the decomposition of bone tissue
Vočadlová, Michelle ; Sládek, Vladimír (advisor) ; Mihalčinová, Zuzana (referee)
Abstract The decomposition of bone tissue is a complex process in which bacterial enzymes play a crucial role. Enzymes are biological catalysts involved in all biochemical reactions in living organisms. In this bachelor thesis, bacterial enzymes involved in the breakdown of bone tissue are identified and characterized. The main focus is on various collagenases, which play a key role in the degradation of the organic components of bone. The work also describes the molecular mechanisms by which these enzymes operate. The thesis focuses on specific interactions between bacterial enzymes and the bone matrix, including adhesive interactions and enzyme synthesis responding to specific microenvironments of bone tissue. Factors such as pH, temperature, and the presence of potential inhibitors influence the activity of these bacterial enzymes. These factors contribute to the variability of decomposition processes. Subsequent understanding of the molecular mechanisms by which bacterial enzymes degrade bone tissue has significant applications in forensic science for estimating the time of death, in archaeology for interpreting historical and prehistoric finds, and in medicine, where this research may be important for the diagnosis and treatment of bone diseases. Keywords: Bacterial enzyme, bacteria, bone, collagen,...
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Molecular mechanisms of Bardet-Biedl Syndrome
Mašková, Kristýna ; Huranová, Martina (advisor) ; Doubravská, Lenka (referee)
Bardet-Biedl Syndrome (BBS) is a rare genetic disease categorized under ciliopathies; a group of diseases linked to primary cilia dysfunction. Primary cilia, also known as cellular antennae, play a vital role in sensing extracellular stimuli and transducing them through various signalling cascades. Proper cilia function and signalling depends on multiple ciliary proteins, with eight of them forming a BBSome complex. The BBSome is involved in the transport of proteins into and out of the cilia. Mutations in genes encoding BBSome complex lead to BBS. Among these genes, BBS1, which encodes the BBS1 subunit of the BBSome, is notably highly mutated compared to others. This thesis focuses on the BBS1 subunit and aims to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying three specific BBS patients' mutation located in BBS1: M390R, E224K, R160Q. In the first part, we validated the expression of these selected BBS1 variants and examined their effects on the expression of other BBSome subunits. We observed decreased expression levels of BBS4 and BBS5 subunits in the presence of M390R and E224K mutations. Secondly, we assessed BBSome assembly in the context of these mutations, showing that R160Q mutation did not impair BBSome assembly, whereas assembly was severely disrupted in the presence of M390R variant,...
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Genotype-phenotype correlation in rare diseases using Human Phenotype Ontology to improve molecular genomic diagnostic methods
Schwarz, Martin ; Macek, Milan (advisor) ; Šípek, Antonín (referee) ; Velemínská, Jana (referee)
Rare diseases are a diverse group of mostly inherited diseases with a very low prevalence of less than 1/2000 in the population. Identification of new genetic variants associated with these specific diseases is important for accurate and effective diagnosis and therapy. A variety of laboratory methods is used to identify genetic variants, including non-targeted methods such as aCGH and massive parallel sequencing of gene panels, exome or whole genome. The data obtained contains a number of benign findings and distinguishing them is not easy. In order to refine the filtering of variants according to the clinical features of the patient, the terminology of Human Phenotype Ontology was created. It is a structured ontology of individual phenotypic traits, its use increases the detection rate of genetic methods. This extensive terminology has been translated into Czech language and is ready for use. Furthermore, we present five cases in which the Human Phenotype Ontology terms were used to successfully find a causative variant. The first patients are monozygotic twins with Zimmermann-Laband syndrome and a heterozygous pathogenic variant c.1606G>A p.(Ala536Thr) in the KCNN3 gene. Their phenotype is unusually mild, the absence of gingival fibromatosis is a surprising finding. The second case report is a patient...
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Insolvency administrator's remuneration in bankruptcy
Netroufal, Dominik ; Sedláček, Miroslav (advisor) ; Holčapek, Tomáš (referee)
Insolvency administrator's remuneration in bankruptcy Abstract This thesis is divided into nine individual parts, the aim of which is to introduce the reader to the issue of insolvency administrator's remuneration in bankruptcy. The first parts primarily introduce the institution of insolvency proceedings, the insolvency administrator and concepts related to these institutes. Subsequently, in the next part, the thesis deals with concepts such as the bankruptcy estate, monetization of the bankruptcy estate or the proceeds of monetization. In the following parts, the thesis deals with the remuneration of the insolvency administrator in bankruptcy, in which it analyses its essence, the reasons for its existence and then the functioning of the institute itself. The ambition of this thesis is to provide the reader not only with a general idea of the insolvency administrator's remuneration, but also of its functioning. The aim is also to present the method of determining the insolvency administrator's remuneration, its calculation, its historical and current amount, as well as related institutes and concepts, such as the use of the advance payment of the insolvency administrator's remuneration, the moderation right of the insolvency court, or the reasons for reducing and increasing the insolvency administrator's...
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Factors affecting reproductive success of deceptive orchids
Steffelová, Michaela ; Kindlmann, Pavel (advisor) ; Štípková, Zuzana (referee)
This thesis focuses on the study of the reproductive biology of nectarless orchids, which are characterized by the absence of nectar, resulting in pollinators not receiving a reward for pollen transfer. This factor can have a significant impact on the reproductive success of these plants. Furthermore, the reproductive success of nectarless orchids is influenced by other factors, such as inflorescence size, plant height, species, flowering time, population characteristics, or climatic and spatial conditions. This study examines nectarless orchids Anacamptis morio, Dactylorhiza majalis and Anacamptis pyramidalis as model species and measure the above-mentioned factors on the plants. The main findings of this study are: (i) The number of conspecific neighbors has almost no influence on reproductive success. (ii) There is a parabolic dependence between reproductive success and the number of flowers in the species A. morio and D. majalis, while in the species A. pyramidalis, this dependence is linear. The parabolic dependence of reproductive success on the number of flowers, predicted by the theoretical model presented here, was found in only one other study. The more frequently found linear dependence between these variables, found in this study only in the species A. pyramidalis, may be due to the...
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Phosphoinositides in membranes associated with RAB1
Růžička, Václav ; Doubravská, Lenka (advisor) ; Bouřa, Evžen (referee)
Small GTPases of the RAB protein family are key regulators of numerous cellular pathways, including membrane trafficking and autophagy. With the control of membrane processes are also associated phosphorylated phosphatidylinositol derivatives, known as phosphatidylinositol phosphates (PIPs). Our focus lies on the RAB1A and RAB1B GTPases and the processes of early protein secretion they regulate. The enzymes that control specific phosphorylated forms of phosphatidylinositol seem to be functionally related to this pathway, indicating that these lipids also regulate at least some aspects of protein secretion. However, the mechanism by which they do so remains unclear. This bachelor thesis therefore summarises the current knowledge of phosphatidylinositol phosphates on RAB1A and RAB1B associated membranes, including their role on the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and its export sites (ERES), on the intermediate compartment between the ER and the Golgi apparatus (ERGIC), and on the Golgi apparatus itself. This thesis also specifically examines direct interactions between RAB1 GTPases and phosphatidylinositol phosphates or their related enzymes. In summary, it can be concluded that phosphatidylinositol phosphates play a significant role in the early stages of protein secretion.
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The interplay between StkP/PhpP phosphorylation pathway and diadenylate cyclase CdaA producing c-di-AMP in Streptococcus pneumoniae
Beneš, Tomáš ; Buriánková, Karolina (advisor) ; Fišer, Radovan (referee)
The interplay between StkP/PhpP phosphorylation pathway and diadenylate cyclase CdaA producing c-di-AMP in Streptococcus pneumoniae Second messengers have emerged as a new field of bacterial reasearch. C-di-AMP is one of the most recently discovered second messengers. This compound is responsible for adaptation to multiple environmental stresses, especially those connected with cell wall damage. C-di-AMP is produced by enzymes called diadenylate cyclases. The most widespread diadenylate cyclase is CdaA. It was previously described that the activity of CdaA is regulated by phophoglocosamine mutase GlmM which participates in the synthesis of cell wall. GlmM is also phosphorylated by serine/threonine kinase StkP in Streptococcus pneumoniae. The aim of this thesis is to establish interplay between these three proteins with the emphasis on the activity of CdaA in S. pneumoniae. We have proved by two-hybrid system and co-immunoprecipitation that CdaA interacts directly with StkP. We also identified a weak phosphorylation of CdaA by StkP in vitro. We confirmed a decrease in CdaA activity in the presence of GlmM in coralyne reaction in vitro. On the other hand we did not detect any significant change of CdaA activity in the presence of StkP. Taken together we present a model which suggests a role of StkP in CdaA...
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Context-dependent roles of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors (CDKi) in cancer
Doležalová, Šárka ; Janoštiak, Radoslav (advisor) ; Macůrek, Libor (referee)
Cell cycle progression is intricately regulated by many proteins. Among these proteins, cyclin- dependent kinase inhibitors (CKIs) play a key role, traditionally associated with cyclin- dependent kinase (CDK) inhibition and cell cycle arrest. However, recent research reveals that their function is much more complex in the context of cancer. CKI inhibitors are not mutated at all in many tumor types, and their expression is maintained or even increased, suggesting additional mechanisms by which they influence tumor pathogenesis. Post-translational modifications, especially phosphorylation, which affect their localization and stability, have a fundamental influence on their function. These modifications can then, for example, affect cell motility, apoptosis, or DNA repair. This can convert CKIs from tumor suppressors to tumor promoters or vice versa, strengthening their tumor suppressor properties. Key words: Cyclin-dependent kinases, inhibitors of cyclin-dependent kinases, cell cycle, cancer, post-translational modification
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Mutual regulation of ubiquitination and alternative splicing
Rapekta, Nikita ; Čermák, Lukáš (advisor) ; Holotová, Veronika (referee)
This thesis explores the intricate interplay between ubiquitination and alternative splicing, two pivotal biochemical processes that govern cellular function and stability. Through a detailed analysis, it highlights how the ubiquitin-mediated system (UMS) influences mRNA splicing mechanisms and, conversely, how splicing variations can affect protein ubiquitination patterns. Special attention is given to the implications of these interactions in the pathophysiology of cancer, suggesting novel avenues for therapeutic interventions. The study utilizes a range of biochemical assays and molecular biology techniques to provide a comprehensive overview of the mutual regulation between these two critical cellular processes. Keywords: Ubiquitination, Alternative Splicing, mRNA, Proteasome, Cancer Therapy
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