|
|
Personality predictors of exercise addiction in competitive sport
Vítková, Tereza ; Mudrák, Jiří (advisor) ; Bezdíček, Ondřej (referee)
Exercise addiction is becoming a recognized concern, particularly prevalent in elite athletic environments where the pursuit of perfection is emphasized. Despite growing awareness of problematic exercise behaviors, research investigating the underlying risk factors remains limited. This study aimed to examine personality predictors of exercise addiction in Czech elite athletes. A sample of 168 competitive athletes, aged 18 to 30 years, completed assessments including the Exercise Addiction Inventory, Sport Motivation Scale-6, the Athletic Identity Measurement Scale, Performance Perfectionism Scale-Sport, and the Neuroticism Scale from Big Five Inventory. In terms of prevalence, the findings revealed that 16.5 % of athletes exhibited problematic signs of exercise addiction, while 76.7 % were potentially at risk with low severity of symptoms. No significant differences were observed between different groups of sports. Using multiple linear regression, the study demonstrated a significant overall effect of personality predictors on exercise addiction. Neuroticism, introjected regulation, and athletic identity were identified as significant predictors of exercise addiction. These findings highlight the importance of psychological factors such as personality traits and motivational regulation in...
|
|
|
Electronic legal transactions with a focus on a simple electronic signature
Švejda, Jiří ; Elischer, David (advisor) ; Zvára, Michael (referee)
Electronic legal transactions with a focus on simple electronic signatures Abstract The thesis is divided into six chapters. The first chapter consists of an introduction. The second chapter presents the general regulation and the meaning of the signature with a brief historical background necessary to assess the possible applicability of earlier conclusions to the current legal regulation. The third chapter is devoted to the current regulation and individual types of electronic signatures, i.e. the division into qualified electronic signature, advanced electronic signature and simple electronic signature and the Czech specificity in the form of advanced electronic signature based on a qualified certificate for electronic signatures, commonly known as recognised electronic signature. The chapter also concludes with a discussion of biometric signature, which is increasingly used in practice. The fourth chapter deals with the written form of legal transactions, i.e. a detailed analysis of the Sections 561 and 562 of the Civil Code, including their interrelation. Furthermore, aspects of digital continuity in higher levels of electronic signatures and their comparison with simple electronic signature are discussed. In the last part of the chapter, different types of electronic contracts and the differences...
|
|
|
Molecular mechanisms of drug-induced liver injury (DILI)
Vašků, Markéta ; Smutný, Tomáš (advisor) ; Pávek, Petr (referee)
Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology Student: Markéta Vašků Supervisor: PharmDr. Tomáš Smutný, Ph.D. Title of diploma thesis: Molecular mechanisms of drug-induced liver injury (DILI) Drug-induced liver injury is a common reason for halting the development of new drugs and has led to the withdrawal of several drugs from the market in the past. This diploma thesis aims to describe the molecular mechanisms responsible for drug hepatotoxicity and present both methods of preclinical and clinical testing of drugs to detect potential hepatotoxicity and examples of hepatotoxicity. Five mechanisms are currently known to cause DILI, namely mitochondrial damage, formation of reactive oxygen species, endoplasmic reticulum stress, lysosomal damage, inhibition of bile acid transport, and activation of the immune response. However, these mechanisms have not fully been explored yet and require further research. Unfortunately, even testing still falls short of perfection. Neither preclinical in vitro models nor animal models are completely satisfactory and cannot reliably detect DILI. The same applies to clinical testing. DILI is very complex and usually requires the interplay of multiple factors, which may not be reflected in clinical testing. Particulary,...
|
|
|
Deconstruction of Czechoslovak Identity on the Institutional Level after 1993
Hejpetrová, Vendula ; Havlíček, Tomáš (advisor) ; Kučera, Zdeněk (referee)
The bachelor thesis examines the deconstruction of Czechoslovak identity at the institutional level after 1993, when Czechoslovakia collapsed. Despite the dissolution of the Czechoslovak state formation, the concept of "Czechoslovakia/Czechoslovak" continued to be worked with, especially on an institutional level. The main aim of this thesis is to find out, through my research, the purpose of using the term "Czechoslovak" in the names of institutions more than three decades after the dissolution of Czechoslovakia. This research focuses on institutions founded before 1993 as well as those that were established after that date. The research was conducted using a qualitative method, namely semi-structured interviews with four respondents. This method gave a deeper understanding of the topic and provided a detailed view of the issue. The results suggest that the term "Czechoslovak" is still of great importance to the institutions, is highly valued by them and reflects not only the historical development and context of these institutions but also contributes to their identity and perception in the public space. Thus, the thesis represents a significant and primary contribution to the understanding of the deconstruction of Czechoslovak identity in institutional terms after 1993. Key words: Regional...
|
|
|
Copyright Aspects of the Development and Use of Artificial Intelligence (AI)
Heinzel, Matyáš ; Holcová, Irena (advisor) ; Žikovská, Petra (referee)
Copyright Aspects of the Development and Use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) Abstract The thesis focuses on copyright aspects related to the development and use of AI. In light of the ever-increasing importance of AI in society, the thesis describes how this technology affects copyright law. The thesis focuses on a general interpretation of the term AI, discusses the concept of a work in the sense of copyright law, and further explores the field of automated text and data analysis, which is essential for the development of AI technologies. In addition, the thesis deals with the creation of works with the help of AI. The main objective of the thesis is to analyse in detail the regulation of the licences to reproduce a work for the purpose of automated text or data analysis and to describe the legal regime of the outputs generated using AI. In this respect, the thesis also discusses the conditions under which copyright may arise in AI-generated outputs. In summary, the thesis should provide a comprehensive overview for public users of AI and improve their understanding and orientation on the relationship between AI and copyright. The analysis of licenses to reproduce works for the purpose of automated text or data analysis has shown that legislation unwittingly hinders AI innovation within the EU by limiting...
|
|
|
Algorithms for integration of single-cell transcriptomic data
Ševčovičová, Zuzana ; Kolář, Michal (advisor) ; Abaffy, Pavel (referee)
Single-cell transcriptomics represents an innovative technique that allows for the examination of gene expression of individual cells in tissues or other complex biological samples. The data gen- erated through this approach offer crucial insights into various biological domains, such as em- bryology, oncology, and immunology. Understanding the functioning and mutual interactions of individual cells within tissues indeed requires knowledge of their individual expression profiles. Given the novelty of this method and technical challenges faced during data generation, com- parison of different samples may be difficult and affected by various batch effects. Effectively reconciling the information obtained regarding gene expression in distinct biological replicates or technical replicates generated by different methodologies may be onerous. The development of bioinformatics approaches to address this challenge is an ongoing process. The objective of this thesis is to: 1. survey the existing solutions for integration of single-cell transcriptomic data, 2. benchmark these solutions using publicly available datasets, specifically peripheral blood mononuclear cells, and 3. select the most suitable integration method to apply to a tumour microenvironment dataset generated by our laboratory. This bachelor...
|
|
|
Using CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing to engineer the next generation of CAR T cells
Sabolová, Saskia ; Otáhal, Pavel (advisor) ; Heneberg, Petr (referee)
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR T) cell therapy is currently a successful treatment for hematological malignancies and is also a rapidly evolving field of research for treating solid tumors. The potential clinical expansion of this therapy depends on overcoming many obstacles, such as the persistence of CAR T cells in the hostile tumor microenvironment, induced toxicities, or the need for the transplant to be autologous. These limitations can be mitigated by CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing, which has the potential to create CAR T cells resistant to inhibition, modulate cytokine release, decrease the risk of cytokine release syndrome or neurotoxicity, and create allogeneic CAR T cells that do not cause graft-versus-host disease. Improvements in the CRISPR-Cas9 technology field, such as the development of base and prime editors, further increase safety by bypassing the dangerous double-strand break in the genome. Although many of these modifications are still subjects of research, there are a number of ongoing or already completed clinical trials that have implemented CRISPR-Cas9 technology in their CAR T cell engineering processes.
|
|
|
Knowledge of paramedical personnels in the areas of prevention and care of pressure ulcers
Rosová, Magdaléna ; Hromádková, Jaroslava (advisor) ; Nikodemová, Hana (referee)
The bachelor thesis "Knowledge of non-medical nursing staff in the field of prevention and treatment of decubitus" deals with the general knowledge of nurses in the field of prevention and treatment of decubitus in the internal and surgical wards of Motol University Hospital. Decubitus represents a widespread and increasingly topical problem in hospitalized patients, where it is essential that non-medical nursing staff are oriented in this area and know the latest trends in prevention and treatment. The aims: The aim of the study is to determine the level of knowledge of nurses in the field of treatment and prevention of decubitus working at the Department of Internal Medicine and Surgery of the 2nd Medical Faculty of Charles University and Motol University Hospital and the 3rd Surgical Clinic of the 1st Medical Faculty of Charles University and Motol University Hospital. The methods: To collect data for the empirical part, a quantitative survey was conducted using a non-standardized questionnaire. The target group was all nurses working in the standard ward and intensive care unit, the Internal Medicine and Surgery Clinics of the 2nd Medical Faculty of Charles University and Motol University Hospital and the 3rd Clinic of the 1st Medical Faculty of Charles University and Motol University Hospital....
|
|
|
In vitro fertilization in horses
Müller, Filip ; Šušor, Andrej (advisor) ; Šimoník, Ondřej (referee)
Reproductive management in horse breeding increasingly relies on in vitro fertilization (IVF) techniques. This technology entails a complex process, including the acquisition of immature oocytes, their in vitro maturation, fertilization with sperm, and subsequent cultivation of the early embryo before transfer into a synchronized recipient. However, the success of equine IVF is influenced by various factors such as oocyte quality, sperm capacitation, and technical issues unique to this process, compared to other mammalian models. This bachelor's thesis aims to summarize and evaluate current knowledge on IVF of horse eggs, identify key factors influencing success, and describe current procedures for gamete preparation. By incorporating the latest IVF approaches and optimizing them, a higher success rate can be achieved. Key aspects for improving equine IVF include gamete collection and handling, in vitro oocyte maturation, sperm capacitation, and subsequent embryonic development.
|
|
|
Degree of protein structure disorder in prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms
Nováková, Zuzana ; Vondrášek, Jiří (advisor) ; Feidakis, Christos (referee)
The structure-function paradigm of protein biology has been fundamentally changed in the last three decades by the discovery of intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) and regions (IDRs). These proteins have been identified as critical components in various cellular processes, including signaling, protein-protein interactions, and regulation. While it is apparent that IDPs/IDRs are vital in the function of living organisms, the study of their structure has posed a great challenge. Despite recent advancements in NMR spectroscopy and deep learning algorithms for protein structure prediction, IDPs/IDRs remain a relatively unnkown territory, with significant gaps in knowledge about their behavior and function in living systems. Although IDPs are present in all life forms, their abundance reveals a correlation between organismal complexity and degree of protein disorder. Prokaryotic organisms exhibit a much lower prevalence of IDPs than eukaryotic. Notably, a substantial degree of disorder is observed in unicellular parasitic protists, implying, that IDPs are fundamental in pathogenesis and the progression of diseases like malaria and toxoplasmosis. In humans, malfunctions in IDPs are linked to many conditions, including neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinsons's, Alzheimer's as well as various...
|
guest ::
