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The role of infection of HPV and EBV in the etiology of nasopharyngeal and cervical carcinoma
Machů, Jakub ; Vojtěchová, Zuzana (advisor) ; Španielová, Hana (referee)
Human papillomaviruses (HPV) and Epstein-Barr viruses (EBV) are common DNA viruses that contribute to the development and progression of tumours. These two groups of viruses are associated with more than 600,000 cases of newly diagnosed tumours of different anatomical locations annually. However, carcinogenesis is not a part of their normal productive life cycle. High risk HPV infections are mainly associated with head and neck tumours and anogenital cancers. EBV infections are associated with a range of acute or chronic diseases and tumours, with Burkitt's lymfomas (BL), Hodgkin's lymphomas (HL) and nasopharyngeal carcinomas (NPC) being the most prominent. In recent years, it has been hypothesized that EBV infections may be involved in the development of cervical cancer in woman and that HPV infections may play a role in the development of NPC. The aim of this thesis is to characterize above mentioned groups of DNA viruses and to summarize currently available information about the potential role of these viruses in nasopharyngeal and cervical carcinomas. Key words: human papillomavirus, Epstein-Barr virus, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, cervical carcinoma
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Political trials of the 1950s: a case study
Svoboda, David ; Kuklík, Jan (advisor) ; Blažek, Lukáš (referee)
81 Political trials of the 1950s - a concrete case study (The Babice Case) Abstract The subject of the thesis "Political Trials of the 1950s - a Specific Case Study", subtitled The Babice Case, was a description of the application of the general tools of political persecution used in the Czechoslovak Republic in the 1950s to the specific case of the shooting at the Babice school and the subsequent political trials. Also significant is the aim of placing the political trials in Czechoslovakia in the context of the times and the international political situation, which played an important role in the Babice case. The first chapter of the thesis formulates the aims of the thesis and the background on which it is based. The second chapter of the thesis describes the significance of the political processes and the general background of their organisation. An important part of Chapter 2 of the thesis is a description of the legal framework for the conduct of political trials, focusing both on substantive aspects, such as the newly defined offences, and on procedural issues, especially the limitations on the rights of the accused. The legal biennium, an initiative aimed at changing the legal system to reflect the needs and ideology of the Communist Party, is also described as a significant phenomenon. The third...
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Using Phyphox in school physics experiments
Hřebík, Lukáš ; Kácovský, Petr (advisor) ; Kolář, Petr (referee)
This thesis explores the phenomenon of BYOD and its use within educational environment. It includes an analysis of the phyphox application, and details its use in teaching physics both internationally and locally. Additionally, the thesis offers a description of fourteen phyphox- related topics, majority of which include insights gained from their practical implementation in teaching. This thesis also develops three sets of methodological guidelines for selected activities; appendix then includes worksheets designed for both students and teachers, along with concise instructions for using phyphox application.
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Time Calibration and Response of the Hadronic ATLAS Tile Calorimeter
Divíšek, Martin ; Davídek, Tomáš (advisor) ; Rybář, Martin (referee)
The performance of the Tile Calorimeter is heavily dependent on the proper calibra- tion of the detector response with respect to energy of the incident particles and the time of their arrival into the detector. A sophisticated calibration system is put in place to ensure the quality of the data yielded by the calorimeter. In our thesis, we describe improvements we have made to the processing software for the laser calibration and time monitoring of the detector. An analysis of their impact on the data quality improvements carried out during the reprocessing of detector data in 2022 is also included. Reprocessed data has been used to establish a time resolution estimate of the detector for 2022, as well as a more detailed performance breakdown on a per-layer basis. Since their development, our software modifications are seeing use during routine data quality verification (such as during the 2023 data reprocessing) as well as searches for long-lived heavy exotics at the LHC. 1
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Compensatory exercise with dual-task elements for people with sedentary work
Fišarová, Gabriela ; Novotná, Klára (advisor) ; Sládková, Petra (referee)
BACHELOR THESIS ABSTRACT Author: Gabriela Fišarová Supervizor: Mgr. Klára Novotná, Ph.D. Title: Compensatory exercise with dual-task elements for people with sedentary work Abstract: The bachelor thesis deals with the issue of sedentary job and its compensation using exercise with the Kommo® bar. Sedentary behaviour leads to many health problems and affects physical and mental health. Prolonged sitting is often associated with inappropriate posture and is one of the most common causes of back pain. Treatment and prevention of back pain is an important part of the physiotherapist's work. The bachelor's thesis aims to investigate the effect of the new type of compensatory exercise in individuals with sedentary jobs on pain and spinal mobility. The bachelor's thesis involved a group of individuals with office-based sedentary jobs who have experienced back pain. The exercise program lasted 8 weeks and included 1 hour of group exercise per week. The exercise used a special Kommo® bar and the use of motor and cognitive so-called dual-task tasks. The effect of the therapeutic intervention was assessed using the spinal mobility tests (Schober, Stibor, Čepoj, Otta, Thomayer), the functional mobility tests (the Timed Up and Go test, the Five Times Sit to Stand test) and the subjective pain questionnaires (the Visual...
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Right of action in collective proceedings
Just, Adam ; Sedláček, Miroslav (advisor) ; Holčapek, Tomáš (referee)
Right of action in collective proceedings Abstract This thesis is focused on the analysis of the persons with right of action and interested class members in collective proceedings and the draft law on collective proceedings going through the national legislative process, which is the transposition of Directive (EU) 2020/1828 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 25 November 2020 on representative actions for the protection of the collective interests of consumers and repealing Directive 2009/22/EC. The aim of the thesis is to assess the current readiness of the Czech legal environment to adopt the new institute coming from common law. The thesis is based on analysis, abstraction, classification, deduction and comparative analysis of several European countries. Appropriate de lege ferenda solutions are proposed. The first chapter of the thesis defines the institutes and notions of adversarial proceedings related to right of action and standing in the Czech legal environment.The second chapter is focused on the definition of collective proceedings. The chapter also includes an evaluation of the appropriate opt-in and opt-out model for national legal systems, concluding that the opt-in model is more appropriate for the Czech environment. The third chapter of the thesis presents concept of the right...
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Separate property regime
Jiroušková, Šarlota ; Elischer, David (advisor) ; Hrádek, Jiří (referee)
56 Separate property regime Abstract The submitted thesis deals with the analysis of the institution of the separate property regime. The aim of the thesis is to elucidate the origin, essence, and limits of the agreement establishing the separate property regime in the context of the legal regulation of Act No. 89/2012 Coll., the Civil Code, including mentioning the significant legal effects of this agreement in enforcement and inheritance proceedings. For a more comprehensive view of the issue, the legal effects of the agreement are also reflected by comparison with the basic effects of the statutory regime in specific life situations. The achievement of the goal is presented in six chapters. The first chapter introduces the concept of marital community property as the starting point of the work, its origin, basic characteristics, and components, including a brief introduction to exceptions establishing a different moment of (potential) creation of the marital community property, with emphasis on the agreement on the separate property regime contract. The second chapter presents the inclusion of the agreement on the separate property regime into the systematics of marital property law in the Civil Code within the contracted regime, alongside the statutory regime and the regime established by a court order....
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Water scarcity in the Czech Republic and its implementation in highschools
Kalinová, Petra ; Janský, Bohumír (advisor) ; Šobr, Miroslav (referee)
Water scarcity is one of the current issues not only in the Czech Republic. Given the fact that drought has hit the territory of the Czech Republic several times recently and also climate change, it is essential for our country to be able to prepare for repeated drought periods. Possibilities for dealing with the drought in the Czech Republic, including examples of concrete measures, as well as other basic information regarding drought in the Czech Republic, are presented in this bachelor's thesis. However, the main goal of this bachelor's thesis is to create a project day on the topic of Water scarcity in the Czech Republic. The creation of the project day is part of the PERUN project, which is focused on climate change and drought and its impact on the territory of the Czech Republic. The project day was verified in practice in the form of a pretest-posttest design, thus confirming its effectiveness and testing the quality of the materials used. In the vast majority of cases, positive trend of increasing correct answers amongst students is visible, and thus the participating students deepened their knowledge regarding this issue. Key Words: water scarcity, Czechia, high schools, tuition
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Impact of nanomaterials on mesenchymal stem cells and tissue regeneration
Echalar, Barbora ; Holáň, Vladimír (advisor) ; Hubálek Kalbáčová, Marie (referee) ; Buchtová, Marcela (referee)
Nanomaterials (NMs) are widely used in medicine for their antimicrobial properties. They are part of antibacterial coatings, creams, pharmaceutical vehicles or additives in drugs and other medical products. However, the impact of NMs on human organism is still not completely established. Nanoparticles (NPs) penetrate the cell membrane and enter to intracellular compartments including the nuclei. Different types of NPs could have various side effects on cell functions. These side effects include the damage of stem cells (SCs) or immune cells lead to slower regeneration and impaired wound healing. Therefore, the simultaneous application of NPs during SC therapy could decrease the therapeutic abilities of SCs. One type of SCs tested in clinical therapies nowadays are mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Therefore, we studied the impact of metal NPs (i.e. silver, copper oxide, zinc oxide and titanium dioxide) on characteristics and functional properties of mouse MSCs. Additionally, the effect of NPs on the expression of phenotypic markers, metabolic activity, differentiation potential, expression of genes for immunoregulatory molecules and on production of cytokines and growth factors was analyzed. We found that all types of tested NPs had a negative impact on the activity of MSCs and thus could alter tissue...
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Loss of valuable meadow biotopes in connection with the construction of new buildings
Nikodýmová, Amálie ; Křenová, Zdeňka (advisor) ; Bílá, Karolína (referee)
- AJ The protection of natural habitats is crucial for maintaining biodiversity and providing ecosystem services. Despite efforts to protect within the Natura 2000 network, there is a decline in these valuable communities. The reasons for these changes are varied, with significant factors including habitat loss due to construction. This work focuses on methodological approaches to protecting grassland habitats within Natura 2000 sites and examines their relationship to urbanization using the example of the special area of conservation Šumava. It includes testing a methodology for assessing the impacts of construction on habitats and proposing solutions that could help improve the protection of natural habitats in the context of current and future construction projects. Key words: Natura 2000, biodiversity, meadows, development, the assessment of the impact of the proposal
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